{"title":"Applications of Inorganic Nanomaterials against Tuberculosis: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"Debabrata Ghosh Dastidar, Arnab Roy, Gourav Ghosh, Supratim Mandal","doi":"10.2174/0115672018295247240426055330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672018295247240426055330","url":null,"abstract":": Tuberculosis (TB) continues to pose a significant global health threat, with millions of new infections recorded annually. Current treatment strategies, such as Directly Observed Treatment (DOT), face challenges, including patient non-compliance and the emergence of drug-resistant TB strains. In response to these obstacles, innovative approaches utilizing inorganic/metallic nanomaterials have been developed to enhance drug delivery to target alveolar macrophages, where Mycobacterium tuberculosis resides. These nanomaterials have shown effectiveness against various strains of TB, offering benefits such as improved drug efficacy, minimized side effects, and sustained drug release at the infection site. This comprehensive review explores the applications of different metal nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, and metal-metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles in the management of TB, including multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains. The synergistic effects of combining inorganic nanoparticles with conventional anti-TB drugs have demonstrated promising results in combating TB infections. Further research and development in this field hold great promise for overcoming the challenges faced in current TB therapy and improving patient outcomes.","PeriodicalId":10842,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140840468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of Moringa Oleifera Leaf Extract for its In vitro Antibacterial Properties, Mechanism of Action, and In vivo Corneal Ulcer Healing Effects in Rabbits’ Eyes","authors":"Ayesha Bibi, Meenakshi dhanawat, Shahbaz Aman, Samrat Chauhan, Rishabh Chalotra, Somdutt Mujwar, Narinder Kaur, ChamasseHomary Maivagna, Sumeet Gupta","doi":"10.2174/0115672018275561240228065755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672018275561240228065755","url":null,"abstract":": M. oleifera is the most adapted tree species in different medicinal eco-systems and has resilience against climate changes. This multiple-use tree provides healthy foods, snacks, honey, and fuel. Besides this, it has immense promising applicationsby offering antimicrobial and antibacterial activities for targeted uses. This validates the court of Hippocrates that let food be the medicine and medicine be the food for which moringa qualifies. In view of this, the antioxidant and in vitro antibacterial potency of the hydro-ethanolic extract of M. oleifera was evaluated on clinically isolated multidrug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, in vivo, the healing response of M. oleifera extract was analysed on corneal ulcers induced in rabbit eyes infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. TheM. oleifera extract exhibited exponential antioxidant activity. In-vitro antibacterial activity was evaluated by agar well diffusion assay showing zone of inhibition ranging from 11.05±0.36 to 20±0.40 mm at concentrations of 20, 40, 80, and 160 mg/ml, whereas, in our finding, no zone of inhibition was observed below 20 mg/ml concentration, which indicated that there is threshold limit below which the antibacterial activity of M. oleifera extract is not observed. Furthermore, continuous application of 3% and 5% M. oleifera extract (eye drop) four times a day for 14 consecutive days showed a significant healing response of the eyes of rabbits with corneal ulcers. These results suggest that M. oleifera extract could be a viable alternative to existing antibacterial therapies for corneal ulcers. Additionally, there is a possibility of commercial formulation of M. oleifera extract in the form of deliverable pharmaceutical products; therefore, it should be explored further.","PeriodicalId":10842,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140625561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gold Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery System for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Bacterial Meningitis","authors":"Darsh Gautam, Vinay Pandit, Sanjay Kumar, Poonam Talwan, Tarun Sharma","doi":"10.2174/0115672018278607240405060054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672018278607240405060054","url":null,"abstract":": Managing bacterial pathogens in the central nervous system is an immense issue for researchers all around the globe. The problem of these infections remains throughout the population, regardless of the discovery of several possible medicines. The major obstacle to drug delivery is the BBB, but only a few medicines that fulfill demanding requirements can penetrate it. Considering inadequate antibiotic alternatives and the increasing development of resistance, it is more important than ever to find new approaches to address this worldwide problem. Medical nanotechnology has evolved as a cutting-edge and effective means of treating many of the most difficult CNS illnesses, including bacterial meningitis. Various metallic nanoparticles, such as gold, silver, and titanium oxide, have shown bactericidal potential. Gold nanoparticles have gotten a great deal of interest due to their excellent biocompatibility, simplicity of surface modification, and optical qualities. The current study described AuNP-based detection and therapy options against meningitis-- causing bacteria, including bacterial pathogens' mechanisms for crossing BBB and AuNPs' mode of Action against those bacteria. The current study looked into green synthesized bactericidal gold nanoparticles-based therapy techniques for diagnosing and intervening in bacterial meningitis. Nevertheless, more research is needed before these laboratory findings can be translated into therapeutic trials. Nonetheless, we can confidently assert that the knowledge acquired and addressed in this study will benefit neuro-nanotechnology researchers.","PeriodicalId":10842,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140612387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lu Xiaohong, Fu Qiuxia, Li Ruie, Wang Daijie, Tobias Achu Muluh, Yan Zhang
{"title":"An Epic Advancement in Targeting Macrophages for Cancer Therapy Approach","authors":"Lu Xiaohong, Fu Qiuxia, Li Ruie, Wang Daijie, Tobias Achu Muluh, Yan Zhang","doi":"10.2174/0115672018299798240403062508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115672018299798240403062508","url":null,"abstract":": Macrophages are immune cells with high heterogeneity and plasticity, crucial for recognizing and eliminating foreign substances, including cancer cells. However, cancer cells can evade the immune system by producing signals that cause macrophages to switch to a pro-tumor phenotype, promoting tumor growth and progression. Tumor-associated macrophages, which infiltrate into tumor tissue, are important immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and can regulate cancer's growth, invasion, and metastasis by inhibiting tumor immunity. This review article highlights the characteristics of tumor-associated macrophages and their role in the occurrence and development of cancer. It outlines how reprogramming macrophages towards an anti-tumor phenotype can improve the response to cancer therapy. Explore the intricate process of engineered nanoparticles serving as carriers for immunostimulatory molecules, activating macrophages to instigate an anti-tumor response. Finally, it summarizes several studies demonstrating targeting macrophages is a potential in preclinical cancer models. Several challenges must be addressed in developing effective macrophage-targeted therapies, such as the heterogeneity of macrophage subtypes and their plasticity. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying macrophage function in the tumor microenvironment and identify novel targets for macrophage-directed therapies. Targeting macrophages is a promising and innovative approach to improving cancer therapy and patient outcomes.","PeriodicalId":10842,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":"249 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140560081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jong-Ryul Park, Gayoung Kim, Jongho Won, Chul-Woo Kim, Donghee Park
{"title":"Evaluation of Doxorubicin-loaded Echogenic Macroemulsion for Targeted Drug Delivery.","authors":"Jong-Ryul Park, Gayoung Kim, Jongho Won, Chul-Woo Kim, Donghee Park","doi":"10.2174/1567201820666230403111118","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1567201820666230403111118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The latest technology trend in targeted drug delivery highlights stimuliresponsive particles that can release an anticancer drug in a solid tumor by responding to external stimuli.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to design, fabricate, and evaluate an ultrasound-responsive drug delivery vehicle for an ultrasound-mediated drug delivery system.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The drug-containing echogenic macroemulsion (eME) was fabricated by an emulsification method using the three phases (aqueous lipid solution as a shell, doxorubicin (DOX) contained oil, and perfluorohexane (PFH) as an ultrasound-responsive agent). The morphological structure of eMEs was investigated using fluorescence microscopy, and the size distribution was analyzed by using DLS. The echogenicity of eME was measured using a contrast-enhanced ultrasound device. The cytotoxicity was evaluated using a breast cancer cell (MDA-MB-231) <i>via</i> an <i>in vitro</i> cell experiment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The obtained eME showed an ideal morphological structure that contained both DOX and PFH in a single particle and indicated a suitable size for enhancing ultrasound response and avoiding complications in the blood vessel. The echogenicity of eME was demonstrated <i>via</i> an <i>in vitro</i> experiment, with results showcasing the potential for targeted drug delivery. Compared to free DOX, enhanced cytotoxicity and improved drug delivery efficiency in a cancer cell were proven by using DOX-loaded eMEs and ultrasound.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study established a platform technology to fabricate the ultrasound-responsive vehicle. The designed drug-loaded eME could be a promising platform with ultrasound technology for targeted drug delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":10842,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"785-793"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9247889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nanocarrier Mediated Intranasal Drug Delivery Systems for the Management of Parkinsonism: A Review.","authors":"Archita Kapoor, Abdul Hafeez, Poonam Kushwaha","doi":"10.2174/1567201820666230523114259","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1567201820666230523114259","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The transport of drugs to the brain becomes a key concern when treating disorders of the central nervous system. Parkinsonism is one of the major concerns across the world populations, which causes difficulty in coordination and balance. However, the blood-brain barrier is a significant barrier to achieving optimal brain concentration through oral, transdermal, and intravenous routes of administration. The intranasal route with nanocarrier-based formulations has shown potential for managing Parkinsonism disorder (PD). Direct delivery to the brain through the intranasal route is possible via the olfactory and trigeminal pathways using drug-loaded nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems. The critical analysis of reported works demonstrates dose reduction, brain targeting, safety, effectiveness, and stability for drug-loaded nanocarriers. The important aspects of intranasal drug delivery, PD details, and nanocarrier-based intranasal formulations in PD management with a discussion of physicochemical characteristics, cell line studies, and animal studies are the major topics in this review. Patent reports and clinical investigations are summarized in the last sections.</p>","PeriodicalId":10842,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"709-725"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9692815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparing Recovery from Desflurane and Sevoflurane in Patients with Different Body Fat Percentages: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Silu Cao, Huijuan Wang, Lijun Tang, Guanghui An","doi":"10.2174/1567201820666230328115354","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1567201820666230328115354","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Increased body fat may influence the partition coefficients of inhaled anesthetics. We compared patient responses to desflurane and sevoflurane anesthesia, as measured by a quicker recovery and fewer complications, in patients with higher body fat percentages, not only obese people.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 120 patients. Participants were stratified into low or high body fat percentages groups using bioelectrical impedance analysis and were randomized 1:1 to receive desflurane or sevoflurane as an inhaled anesthetic, recorded as Low-Desflurane, Low-Sevoflurane, High- Desflurane, and High-Sevoflurane. Recovery time, Riker sedation-agitation scale scores, and complications were recorded over 1 hour in the post-anesthesia care unit.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 106 patients were analyzed. There were no significant differences in the overall recovery time between the patient subgroups with higher and lower body fat percentages; in addition, there were no significant differences in the incidence of nausea, vomiting,dizziness, or headache (all p>0.05). However, the incidence of agitation emergence in the HighSevoflurane subgroup was significantly higher compared to the High-Desflurane subgroup (33.3% vs.7.41%; p = 0.043).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, for patients with a lower body fat percentage, both desflurane and sevoflurane can provide good and fast recovery; for patients with a higher body fat percentage,desflurane may provide better recovery with a lower incidence of agitation emergence compared to sevoflurane.</p>","PeriodicalId":10842,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"623-630"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9596356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Insight on Skin Cancer About Different Targets With Update on Clinical Trials and Investigational Drugs.","authors":"Suraj Vishwas, Swarnali Das Paul, Deepika Singh","doi":"10.2174/1567201820666230726150642","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1567201820666230726150642","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer is a diverse disease caused by transcriptional changes involving genetic and epigenetic features that influence a huge variety of genes and proteins. Skin cancer is a potentially fatal disease that affects equally men and women globally and is characterized by many molecular changes. Despite the availability of various improved approaches for detecting and treating skin cancer, it continues to be the leading cause of death throughout society. This review highlights a general overview of skin cancer, with an emphasis on epidemiology, types, risk factors, pathological and targeted facets, biomarkers and molecular markers, immunotherapy, and clinical updates of investigational drugs associated with skin cancer. The skin cancer challenges are acknowledged throughout this study, and the potential application of novel biomarkers of skin cancer formation, progression, metastasis, and prognosis is explored. Although the mechanism of skin carcinogenesis is currently poorly understood, multiple articles have shown that genetic and molecular changes are involved. Furthermore, several skin cancer risk factors are now recognized, allowing for efficient skin cancer prevention. There have been considerable improvements in the field of targeted treatment, and future research into additional targets will expand patients' therapeutic choices. In comparison to earlier articles on the same issue, this review focused on molecular and genetic factors and examined various skin cancer-related factors in depth.</p>","PeriodicalId":10842,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"852-869"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9876282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Redox-responsive Nanomicelles with Intracellular Targeting and Programmable Drug Release for Targeted Tumor Therapy.","authors":"Yaxin Yang, Wei Shi, Ziyi Zhang, Fawu Gong, Xuman Feng, Chenxi Guo, Yajuan Qi, Zhanjun Liu","doi":"10.2174/1567201820666230515111328","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1567201820666230515111328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Anti-inflammatory medications, in particular aspirin, have chemopreventive and anticancer adjuvant effects on specific types of cancers, according to ongoing anti-tumor research. Additionally, efforts have been made to transform Poly(salicylic acid) (PSA) into delivery-related nanocarriers. to transport anticancer medications into nanocarriers. However, tumor cell targeting and tumor selectivity were lacking in the salicylic acid polymer-based nanocarriers, preventing them from performing to their full potential.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study is to prepare targeting and reduction-responsive poly pre-drug nanocarriers (HA-ss-PSA NPs) and to investigate the feasibility of delivering adriamycin (DOX) as nanocarriers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The structures of the polymers were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy (1H-NMR) and infrared spectroscopy (IR); the encapsulation rate and drug loading of DOX-loaded nanoparticles were determined by HPLC; and the anti-tumor effects of the carriers were evaluated by MTT experiments and in vivo</i> experiments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prepared nanocarriers had uniform particle size distribution. The drug release rate was up to 80% within 48 h in the tumor environment. DOX/HA-ss-PSA NPs showed significant cytostatic effects. In addition, HA-ss-PSA NPs showed significant targeting and inhibition of cell migration in cell uptake and scratch assays. In vivo</i> experiments showed that the prepared carriers had high tumor inhibition rates, good targeting effects on the liver and tumor, and significantly reduced toxicity to other tissues.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prepared HA-ss-PSA NPs could effectively inhibit the growth of HepG2 cells and tumors in vivo</i>, indicating that PSA could be used as a backbone component of a safe and reliable drug delivery system, providing a new strategy for the treatment of liver cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":10842,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"295-307"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9475015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nghia Thi Phan, Yen Thi Hai Tran, Linh Tran Nguyen, Yen Kieu Hoang, Cuong Khac Bui, Hoa Dang Nguyen, Giang Thi Thu Vu
{"title":"Self Nanoelmusifying Drug Delivery System of Rosuvastatin: Bioavailability Evaluation and <i>In vitro</i> - <i>In vivo</i> Correlation.","authors":"Nghia Thi Phan, Yen Thi Hai Tran, Linh Tran Nguyen, Yen Kieu Hoang, Cuong Khac Bui, Hoa Dang Nguyen, Giang Thi Thu Vu","doi":"10.2174/1567201820666221220104244","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1567201820666221220104244","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rosuvastatin, most commonly used in the form of calcium salt, belongs to the statin groups of synthetic antihyperlipidemic agents. Rosuvastatin possesses high permeability, however, its aqueous solubility is poor, causing a slow dissolution rate in water. Consequently, this dissolution rate has a decisive role in the release and absorption of rosuvastatin in the gastrointestinal tube.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aims of this study were to evaluate the absorption of the drug from the self-nano emulsifying drug delivery system of rosuvastatin (Ros SNEDDS) compared to rosuvastatin substance and to develop a level-A <i>in vitro-in vivo</i> correlation (IVIVC) for Ros SNEDDS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An in-house developed LC-MS/MS method was used to determine the concentrations of rosuvastatin in dog plasma. Six beagle dogs received an intravenous dose, Ros SNEDDS, rosuvastatin substance. <i>In vitro</i> dissolution of the Ros SNEDDS was carried out with different conditions. Correlation models were developed from the dissolution and absorption results of Ros SNEDDS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed a 1.7-fold enhanced oral bioavailability and 2.1-time increase of rosuvastatin C<sub>max</sub> in Ros SNEDDS form, compared to the rosuvastatin substance. A 900 ml dissolution medium of pH of 6.6 has demonstrated its suitability, the <i>in vitro</i> dissolution model was studied and supported by the Weibull equation with a weighting factor of 1/y<sup>2</sup> as it presented the lowest values of AIC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ros SNEDDS demonstrated higher bioavailability of rosuvastatin in comparison to rosuvastatin substance and established a level A IVIVC used in future bioequivalence trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":10842,"journal":{"name":"Current drug delivery","volume":" ","pages":"734-743"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10764183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}