Current Nanoscience最新文献

{"title":"Review on Heavy Metal Removal and Efficacy of Biosorbents","authors":"Rajesh Nithyanandam, Rupika Rajendran, Rajavarsini Rajesh, Moontarij Orvy","doi":"10.2174/0115734137278018231127062510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734137278018231127062510","url":null,"abstract":": Industries release a significant amount of wastewater contaminated with heavy metals. It is a major cause of pollution and a potential health hazard when discharged into the environment without treatment. Standard adsorbents for removing heavy metals have certain limitations, like incomplete metal removal, high energy requirements, and undesirable waste generation. Therefore, the use of biosorbents is an effective alternative to conventional procedures. This critical review evaluates and summarizes the optimum results obtained from different papers covering different parameters such as biosorbent removal efficiency and their adsorption capacity, adsorbent dosage, and effect of pretreatment for removal of single and combination of heavy metals. The influence of pH, contact time, and sorbent dose on biosorption has been discussed. The Langmuir model and the Freundlich model are studied for various biosorbents, and the respective results are obtained and summarised. The pseudo-first and second-order models have been evaluated to study the sorption kinetics. Through this review, it can be concluded that biosorbents can be a promising alternative to treat industrial effluents, mainly because of their high metal binding capacity, low cost, high efficiency in diluted effluents, and environmentally friendly nature.","PeriodicalId":10827,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanoscience","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138574091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Membranes Containing Nanoparticles Incorporated with Metronidazole for Improved Permeability to Promote Periodontal Tissue Recovery","authors":"Yongshi Chen, Hao Wu, Geng Lu, Yi Zhu, Junfeng Ban, XiaoFang li","doi":"10.2174/0115734137276083231128082103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734137276083231128082103","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Infection is the main reason for the failure of the clinical application of guided tissue regeneration (GTR). Objective: The aim of this study is to develop a membrane containing nanoparticles incorporated with the antimicrobial drug metronidazole (MTZ-NPs Membrane) to enhance drug permeation delivery into cells and promote periodontal tissue recovery and regeneration. objective: The aim of this study is to develop a membrane containing nanoparticles incorporated with the antimicrobial drug metronidazole (MTZ-NPs Membrane) to enhance drug permeation delivery into cells and promote periodontal tissue recovery and regeneration. Methods: We prepared membranes containing nanoparticles incorporated with metronidazole (MTZ-NPs Membrane) and characterized the properties, such as mechanical properties, physicochemical properties, and release. Coumarin-6 was used to prepare a membrane containing nanoparticles incorporated with Coumarin-6 (C6-NPs Membrane) to evaluate the efficiency of the nanoparticles-loaded membranes on transmembrane entry into cells. Moreover, in vivo experiments were conducted to assess the effectiveness of the membrane. method: We prepared membranes containing nanoparticles incorporated with metronidazole (MTZ-NPs Membrane) and characterized the properties such as mechanical properties, physicochemical properties and release. Coumarin-6 was used to prepare a membrane containing nanoparticles incorporated with Coumarin-6 (C6-NPs Membrane) to evaluate the efficiency of the nanoparticles-loaded membranes on transmembrane entry into cells. To assess the effectiveness of the membrane, in vivo experiments were conducted. Results: MTZ-NPs membrane had suitable mechanical strength; the drug was released by diffusion. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed the existence of metronidazole in the amorphous state in the membrane and had good compatibility with polymers. The in vitro cytotoxicity assays showed that the MTZ-NPs membrane was biocompatible. Cellular uptake of the C6-NPs membrane was significantly higher than that of the C6 membrane (p < 0.0001), signifying that encapsulating the drug in nanoparticles increases drug permeability and improves drug transport efficiency across the cellular membrane. The histological analysis showed that the MTZ-NPs membrane could promote periodontal tissue recovery. Conclusion: MTZ-NPs membrane can improve drug penetration delivery into the cells and has a good prospect for the treatment of periodontal disease. conclusion: MTZ-NPs Membrane can improve drug penetration delivery into the cells and has a good prospect for the treatment of periodontal disease.","PeriodicalId":10827,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanoscience","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138574406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Polar Optical Modes in Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Quantum Structures","authors":"V.N. Stavrou, I.G. Tsoulos, N.E. Mastorakis","doi":"10.2174/0115734137269114231121072631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734137269114231121072631","url":null,"abstract":": In this paper, the interface polariton (IP), the confined (CF) modes in nanostructures made with wide bandgap semiconductors, as well as their contributions to the carrier scattering mechanism have been investigated. An asymmetric quantum well (AQW) made with ZnSe/CdSe/ZnS has been studied. More specifically, the dielectric continuum (DC) model has been employed to describe both the IP and the CF modes. Additionally, the Fermi golden rule has been used to estimate the electron transition rate within the asymmetric structure. Our numerical results show that the scattering rate for an electron which is localized at the bottom of the first subband above the well and drops within the quantum well, is characterized by regular peaks with an almost linear increase as the size of the QW increases. The emerge peaks are related to two different physical characteristics of the AQW system. These peaks are related to electron resonances and the threshold phonon emission (both CF and IP) called phonon resonances. The scattering rate of an electron which is localized at the bottom of the second subband above the well and makes transitions to all possible states within the quantum well gives only rise to phonon resonances. The research highlights the importance of the CF and IP modes on transition rates and their dependence on both the size of the quantum well and the asymmetry of the barrier materials.","PeriodicalId":10827,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanoscience","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138555804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is SiC a Predominant Technology for Future High Power Electronics?: A Critical Review","authors":"A.S. Augustine Fletcher, D. Nirmal, J. Ajayan, P. Murugapandiyan","doi":"10.2174/0115734137268803231120111751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734137268803231120111751","url":null,"abstract":": Due to the magnificent properties of Silicon Carbide (SiC), such as high saturation drift velocity, large operating temperature, higher cut-off and maximum frequency (fT and fmax), high thermal conductivity and large breakdown voltages (BV), it is desirable for high power electronics. With the latest advancements in semiconductor materials and processing technologies, diverse high-power applications such as inverters, power supplies, power converters and smart electric vehicles are implemented using SiC-based power devices. Especially, SiC MOSFETs are mostly used in high-power applications due totheir capability to achieve lower switching loss, higher switching speed and lower ON resistance than the Si-based (Insulated gate bipolar transistor) IGBTs. In this paper, a critical study of SiC MOSFET architectures, emerging dielectric techniques, mobility enhancement methods and irradiation effects are discussed. Moreover, the roadmap of Silicon Carbide power devices is also briefly summarized.","PeriodicalId":10827,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanoscience","volume":"42 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138555802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Concise Review on Magnetic Nanoparticles: Their Properties, Types, Synthetic Methods, and Current Trending Applications","authors":"Meenakshi M., Bhaskar R., S.K. Ashok Kumar, Selva Kumar R.","doi":"10.2174/0115734137271993231109174718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734137271993231109174718","url":null,"abstract":": In recent years, there has been significant research on developing magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with multifunctional characteristics. This review focuses on the properties and various types of MNPs, methods of their synthesis, and biomedical, clinical, and other applications. These syntheses of MNPs were achieved by various methods, like precipitation, thermal, pyrolysis, vapor deposition, and sonochemical. MNPs are nano-sized materials with diameters ranging from 1 to 100 nm. The MNPs have been used for various applications in biomedical, cancer theranostic, imaging, drug delivery, biosensing, environment, and agriculture. MNPs have been extensively researched for molecular diagnosis, treatment, and therapeutic outcome monitoring in a range of illnesses. They are perfect for biological applications, including cancer therapy, thrombolysis, and molecular imaging, because of their nanoscale size, surface area, and absence of side effects. In particular, MNPs can be used to conjugate chemotherapeutic medicines (or) target ligands/proteins, making them beneficial for drug delivery. However, up until that time, some ongoing issues and developments in MNPs include toxicity and biocompatibility, targeting accuracy, regulation and safety, clinical translation, hyperthermia therapy, immunomodulatory effects, multifunctionality, and nanoparticle aggregation.","PeriodicalId":10827,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanoscience","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138538990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activation of the Complement Lectin Pathway by Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and Induction of Pro-inflammatory Immune Response by Macrophages","authors":"Haseeb A. Khan, Uday Kishore, Salman H. Alrokayan, Khalid E. Ibrahim","doi":"10.2174/0115734137270924231117112124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734137270924231117112124","url":null,"abstract":"Aims:: Nanoparticles are important agents for targeted drug delivery to tissues or organs, or even solid tumour in certain instances. However, their surface charge distribution makes them amenable to recognition by the host immune mechanisms, especially the innate immune system, which interferes with their intended targeting, circulation life, and eventual fate in the body. We aimed to study the immunological response of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe-NPs) and the role of the complement system in inducing an inflammatory cascade. Background:: The complement system is an important component of the innate immune system that can recognise molecular patterns on the pathogens (non-self), altered self (apoptotic and necrotic cells, and aggregated proteins such as beta-amyloid peptides), and cancer cells. It is no surprise that clusters of charge on nanoparticles are recognised by complement subcomponents, thus activating the three complement pathways: classical, alternative, and lectin. Objective:: This study aimed to examine the ability of Fe-NPs to activate the complement system and interact with macrophages in vitro. Methods:: Complement activation following exposure of macrophage-like cell line (THP-1) to Fe-NPs or positive control was analysed by standard protocol. Real-time PCR was used for mRNA-level gene expression analysis, whereas multiplex cytokine array was used for proteinlevel expression analysis of cytokines and chemokines. Results:: Fe-NPs activated all three pathways to a certain extent; however, the activation of the lectin pathway was the most pronounced, suggesting that Fe-NPs bind mannan-binding lectin (MBL), a pattern recognition soluble receptor (humoral factor). MBL-mediated complement activation on the surface of Fe-NPs enhanced their uptake by THP-1 cells, in addition to dampening inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and soluble immune ligands. Conclusion:: Selective complement deposition (via the lectin pathway in this study) can make pro-inflammatory nanoparticles biocompatible and render them anti-inflammatory properties.","PeriodicalId":10827,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanoscience","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138539036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recycling the Spent Lithium-ion Battery into Nanocubes Cobalt Oxide Supercapacitor Electrode","authors":"Zinab H. Bakr, Eslam A. A. Aboelazm, Cheng Seong Khe, Gomaa A. M. Ali, Kwok Feng Chong","doi":"10.2174/0115734137265230231020181833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734137265230231020181833","url":null,"abstract":"Background:: Cobalt oxide nanocubes have garnered significant attention as potential supercapacitor electrodes due to their unique structural and electrochemical properties. The spent lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) are considered as zero-cost source for cobalt oxide production. Objective:: The aim of this work is to recover cobalt oxide from spent LiBs and study its electrochemical performance as a supercapacitor electrode material. Method:: This study uses an electrodeposition method to obtain cobalt oxide honeycomb-like anodes coated on Ni foam substrates from spent Li-ion batteries for supercapacitors applications. The effect of annealing temperature on the cobalt oxide anode has been carefully investigated; 450 ºC annealing temperature results in nanocubes on the surface of the cobalt oxide electrode. X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of the Co3O4-NiO electrode. Results:: The Co3O4-NiO nanocubes electrode has shown a high specific capacitance of 1400 F g-1 at 1 A g-1 and high capacitance retention of ~96 % after 2250 cycles at a constant current density of 10 A g-1 compared to 900 F g-1 at 1 A g-1 as for prepared Co3O4 honeycomb. Conclusion:: This strategy proves that the paramount importance of Co3O4-NiO nanocubes, meticulously synthesized at elevated temperatures, as a supremely effective active material upon deposition onto transition metal foam current collectors, establishing their indispensability for supercapacitor applications.","PeriodicalId":10827,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanoscience","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138538988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon Nanotubes: A Targeted Drug Delivery against Cancer Cell","authors":"Prashant Kumar, Surya Nath Pandey, Farman Ahmad, Anurag Verma, Himanshu Sharma, Sumel Ashique, Subhra Prakash Bhattacharyya, Shubneesh Kumar, Shubneesh Kumar, Neeraj Mishra, Ashish Garg","doi":"10.2174/0115734137271865231105070727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734137271865231105070727","url":null,"abstract":": Drug delivery in human subjects has been the most difficult task since the ancient time of the medical sector. An ideal drug delivery system is, one that minimizes the adverse effects and maximizes the desired effects of the drug candidate. Various drug delivery systems have been developed that may have some kind of advantages and disadvantages, among them targeted drug delivery system is more preferable and convenient which may employ various nanoparticles or other materials for the drug delivery at the specified site of action. In this, the authors elaborately and comprehensively explained the role of recent carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in targeted drug delivery systems (specifically for targeting cancerous cells). The authors also described the methods of preparation of CNTs, characterization techniques for CNTs, cellular penetration of, CNTs, and the associated toxicities with CNTs. Carbon nanotubes are preferable to other nanoparticles because they are more electrically, mechanically, and organically stable than others, they can carry more amount of drug in comparison to other nanoparticles and their functionalization property makes them more attractive as a carrier molecule for targeting any root cause of the disease.","PeriodicalId":10827,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanoscience","volume":"165 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138538991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-Assembled Nanoparticle-Forming Derivatives of Dextrin-Conjugated Polyethylenimine Containing Urethane Bonds for Enhanced Delivery of Interleukin-12 Plasmid","authors":"Valiollah Keshavarz, Maryam Kazemi, Bahman Khalvati, Ali Dehshahri, Hossein Sadeghpour","doi":"10.2174/0115734137275215231113100147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734137275215231113100147","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: In the present investigation, low molecular weight polyethylenimine (LMW PEI, 1.8 kDa PEI) was conjugated to dextrin via urethane units and tested to transfer plasmid encoding interleukin-12 (IL-12) plasmid. Although high molecular weight PEI (HMW PEI, 25 kDa PEI) has shown substantial transfection efficiency, its wide application has been hampered due to considerable cytotoxicity. Therefore, LMW PEI with low toxic effects was used as the core of our gene transfer construct. Methods: LMW PEI was conjugated to dextrin via urethane units to improve its biophysical characteristics as well as cytotoxic effects. The conjugates were characterized in terms of buffering capacity, plasmid DNA condensation ability, particle size, and zeta potential as well as protection against enzymatic degradation. In Vitro experiments were carried out to evaluate the ability of these LMW PEI conjugates to transfer plasmid encoding human interleukin-12 (hIL- 12) to the cells. The MTT assay was performed to measure the cell-induced toxicity of the conjugates. Results: The results of our study demonstrated that the PEI derivatives with higher amounts of amine content (i.e. higher conjugation degrees) have considerable buffering capacity and plasmid condensation ability. These conjugates could condense plasmid DNA at Carrier to Plasmid ratios (C/P) ≥2 and form polyplexes at the size range of 120-165 nm while their zeta potential was around 5.5-8.5 mV. The results of transfection efficiency demonstrated that the level of IL- 12 production increased by 2-3 folds compared with unmodified LMW PEI while the level of cytotoxicity was not higher than 20%. Conclusion: The strategy used in this study shows a promising way to prepare gene carriers with high transfection efficiency and low toxicity.","PeriodicalId":10827,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanoscience","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138538987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymer Nanocomposites: A Review on Recent Advances in the Field of Green Polymer Nanocomposites","authors":"Anushree Saha","doi":"10.2174/0115734137274950231113050300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734137274950231113050300","url":null,"abstract":": In order to address environmental issues, polymer nanocomposites are becoming more and more popular because of their remarkable functionality. Their use in various fields is highlighted by their special physicochemical features (i.e., stability, high reactivity, robustness, regenerability, etc.), conductivity, electronic compatibility, quick interfacial contacts, simplicity of functionalization, simplicity of synthesis, interface-to-volume ratio, and low cost. Green polymer nanocomposites have drawn a lot of attention for use in a variety of applications to preserve the environment. Because they are made of eco-friendly materials, they are frequently utilised in the automobile, building, packaging, and medical industries. Eco-friendly solutions to the problems caused by plastic trash are biodegradable polymers produced from renewable sources (microbes, plants, and animals). Plant fibres and natural resins are combined to create green composite materials. These fibres and resins used in green composites can be broken down by bacteria. The mixing of natural fillers and organic polymers results in green polymer nanocomposites with distinct characteristics. This review is anticipated to be comprehensive, compelling, and practical for the scientists and business professionals who collaborate to address a variety of environmental problems on a global scale using green polymer nanocomposites.","PeriodicalId":10827,"journal":{"name":"Current Nanoscience","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138538989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}