{"title":"Current Landscape of Various Techniques and Methods of Gene Therapy through CRISPR Cas9 along with its Pharmacological and Interventional Therapies in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.","authors":"Pranay Wal, Namra Aziz, Harshit Prajapati, Shashank Soni, Ankita Wal","doi":"10.2174/0115733998263079231011073803","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733998263079231011073803","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is frequently referred to as a \"lifestyle illness\". In 2000, India (31.7 million) had the greatest global prevalence of diabetes mellitus, followed by China (20.8 million), the United States (17.7 million), and other countries. In recent years, the treatment of gene therapy (T2DM) has attracted intensive interest.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to critically review the literature on the various techniques and methods, which may be a possible novel approach through the gene therapy CRISPR Cas9 and some other gene editing techniques for T2DM. Interventional and pharmacological approaches for the treatment of T2DM were also included to identify novel therapies for its treatment.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>An extensive literature survey was done on databases like PubMed, Elsevier, Science Direct and Springer.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It can be concluded from the study that recent advancements in gene-editing technologies, such as CRISPR Cas9, have opened new avenues for the development of novel therapeutic approaches for T2DM. CRISPR Cas9 is a powerful tool that enables precise and targeted modifications of the genome.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e201023222414"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49689152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Habib Yaribeygi, Mina Maleki, Raul D Santos, Tannaz Jamialahmadi, Amirhossein Sahebkar
{"title":"Glp-1 Mimetics and Autophagy in Diabetic Milieu: State-of-the-Art.","authors":"Habib Yaribeygi, Mina Maleki, Raul D Santos, Tannaz Jamialahmadi, Amirhossein Sahebkar","doi":"10.2174/0115733998276570231222105959","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733998276570231222105959","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The diabetic milieu is associated with cascades of pathophysiological pathways that culminate in diabetic complications and tissue injuries. Autophagy is an essential process mandatory for cell survival and tissue homeostasis by degrading damaged organelles and removing injured cells. However, it may turn into a pathological process in an aberrant mode in the diabetic and/or malignant milieu. Moreover, autophagy could serve as a promising therapeutic target for many complications related to tissue injury. Glp-1 mimetics are a class of newer antidiabetic agents that reduce blood glucose through several pathways. However, some evidence suggests that they can provide extra glycemic benefits by modulating autophagy, although there is no complete understanding of this mechanism and its underlying molecular pathways. Hence, in the current review, we aimed to provide new insights on the possible impact of Glp-1 mimetics on autophagy and consequent benefits as well as mediating pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e250124226181"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139650458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nanotechnology-based Herbal Drug Formulation in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus.","authors":"Namrata Bhadouria, Aftab Alam, Awaneet Kaur","doi":"10.2174/0115733998282162240116202813","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733998282162240116202813","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The utilization of nanotechnology-based herbal medication delivery systems is gaining attention as a novel approach to treating diabetes mellitus. The incorporation of nanotechnology into herbal medicine provides benefits such as enhanced Stability, solubility, and bioavailability of herbal medications. The purpose of this paper is to summarise the present status of research on herbal medicine delivery systems based on nanotechnology for the treatment of diabetic patients. The paper evaluates the various nanocarriers and herbal drugs used, the challenges and opportunities in the development of these systems, and their potential efficacy and safety. Additionally, the paper highlights the need for further research to optimize the formulation and delivery of these systems. This review's overarching objective is to provide a complete understanding of the possibilities of herbal medication delivery systems based on nanotechnology in diabetes mellitus treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e310124226554"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139650459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Associated Factors Influencing Quality of Life and Knowledge Among Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Mahmoud Alsaraireh, Mahmoud Al-Kalaldeh, Khaldoon Alnawafleh, Doa'a Dwairej, Wesam Almagharbeh","doi":"10.2174/0115733998284163240129073837","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733998284163240129073837","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The assessment of the quality of life (QoL) among type 2 diabetic patients is associated with different factors. Evidence shows that these patients usually suffer from a lack of knowledge about the disease, inadequate self-care, and low QoL.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aimed to assess knowledge of the QoL of type 2 diabetes patients and its possible associated factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional descriptive correlational study recruited type 2 diabetic patients conveniently from out-clinics to achieve the objective of the study. The Diabetes Quality of Life Brief Clinical Inventory (DQoL) and the Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire 18 (DKQ-18) along with a demographic questionnaire were used for patient assessment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 184 patients participated in the study. Patients' knowledge of diabetes was found to be low (8.57 out of 18), with no statistical differences between male and female participants (p=0.259). The average DQoL score was 2.87 out of 5, indicating moderate satisfaction and self-care behavior. DKQ-18 and DoQL were found to be correlated (r= 0.216, p=0.003). However, the patient's age was found to be a significant factor that influences patients' QoL (F=4.27, p=0.040), whereas patients' knowledge contributed weakly to the variation of QoL (F=1.70, p=0.084).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Irrespective of knowledge and educational background, the patient's age is influential in enhancing better QoL among type 2 diabetic patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e090224226838"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139721934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yaxian Ning, Xiaochun Zhou, Gouqin Wang, Lili Zhang, Jianqin Wang
{"title":"Bioinformatics to Identify Biomarkers of Diabetic Nephropathy based on Sphingolipid Metabolism and their Molecular Mechanisms.","authors":"Yaxian Ning, Xiaochun Zhou, Gouqin Wang, Lili Zhang, Jianqin Wang","doi":"10.2174/0115733998297749240418071555","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733998297749240418071555","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetes mellitus (DM) frequently results in Diabetic Nephropathy (DN), which has a significant negative impact on the quality of life of diabetic patients. Sphingolipid metabolism is associated with diabetes, but its relationship with DN is unclear. Therefore, screening biomarkers related to sphingolipid metabolism is crucial for treating DN.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To identify Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) in the GSE142153 dataset, we conducted a differential expression analysis (DN samples versus control samples). The intersection genes were obtained by overlapping DEGs and Sphingolipid Metabolism-Related Genes (SMRGs). Furthermore, The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and Support Vector Machine Recursive Feature Elimination (SVM-RFE) algorithms were used to filter biomarkers. We further analyzed the Gene Set Enrichment analysis (GSEA) and the immunoinfiltrational analysis based on biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 2,186 DEGs associated with DN. Then, five SMR-DEGs were obtained. Subsequently, biomarkers associated with sphingolipid metabolism (<i>S1PR1 and SELL</i>) were identified by applying machine learning and expression analysis. In addition, GSEA showed that these biomarkers were correlated with cytokine cytokine receptor interaction'. Significant variations in B cells, DCs, Tems, and Th2 cells between the two groups suggested that these cells might have a role in DN.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, we obtained two sphingolipid metabolism-related biomarkers (<i>S1PR1 and SELL</i>) associated with DN, which laid a theoretical foundation for treating DN.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e070524229720"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140849629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Incretin Therapy and Insulin Signaling: Therapeutic Targets for Diabetes And Associated Dementia.","authors":"Deepika Joshi","doi":"10.2174/0115733998279875240216093902","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733998279875240216093902","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dementia is the primary cause of disability and dependence among the elderly population worldwide. The population living with dementia is anticipated to double in the next 17 years. Recent studies show the fact that compared to people without diabetes, people with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) have about a 60% increased chance of developing dementia. In addition to cholinergic function being downregulated, improper insulin signalling also has a negative impact on synaptic plasticity and neuronal survival. Type 2 diabetes and dementia share various similar pathophysiological components. The ageing of the population and the ensuing rise in dementia prevalence are both results of ongoing medical advancements. It is possible that restoring insulin signaling could be a helpful therapy against dementia, as it is linked to both diminished cognitive function and the development of dementia, including AD. This review article comprehensively focused on scientific literature to analyze the relationship of Dementia with diabetes, recent experimental studies, and insight into incretin-based drug therapy for diabetes-related dementia.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":"57-63"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139995825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luanny de Brito Avelino, Katryne Targino Rodrigues, Natália Teixeira da Silva Cruz, Agnes Andrade Martins, Ana Rafaela Luz de Aquino Martins
{"title":"Effectiveness of Probiotic Therapy in the Management of PeriodontalDisease in Diabetic Patients: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Luanny de Brito Avelino, Katryne Targino Rodrigues, Natália Teixeira da Silva Cruz, Agnes Andrade Martins, Ana Rafaela Luz de Aquino Martins","doi":"10.2174/0115733998271193231108054254","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733998271193231108054254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Probiotics can compete with periodontal pathogens in the formation of dental biofilm, and they are able to modulate local and systemic immune responses. Thus, its use in diabetic patients with periodontal disease (PD) can overcome the limitations of conventional periodontal treatment.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This scoping review aimed to understand the extent and type of evidence in relation to the effects of probiotic therapy on periodontal and glycaemic parameters of diabetic patients with PD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An electronic search was performed in the following databases: Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Virtual Health Library (including LILACS and BBO), PubMed (including Medline), Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The review included clinical trials on patients with type 2 diabetes, diagnosed with gingivitis or periodontitis, who received probiotic therapy as a single therapy or adjuvant to scaling and root planning, and on whom the analyses of clinical periodontal, immunological, microbiological, or glycaemic parameters were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The electronic search yielded a total of 1165 articles. After removing duplicate titles and performing systematic screening, 6 studies were included in the qualitative summary. Probiotic administration improved clinical periodontal parameters (bleeding on probing and probing depth), oxidative stress markers, and inflammatory cytokines (IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α) in relation to control groups. Experimental groups were also more advantageous in reducing the frequency of periodontopathogenic bacteria. However, the evidence of probiotics in decreasing glycated hemoglobin is still uncertain.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Probiotics may provide safe additional benefits to periodontal parameters of patients with type 2 diabetes and periodontal disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e281123223961"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138451144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Can Polyherbal Medicine be used for the Treatment of Diabetes? - A Review of Historical Classics, Research Evidence and Current Prevention Programs.","authors":"Sudem Brahma, Arvind Kumar Goyal, Prakash Dhamodhar, Mani Reema Kumari, S Jayashree, Talambedu Usha, Sushil Kumar Middha","doi":"10.2174/1573399819666230314093721","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1573399819666230314093721","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic medical condition, has attained a global pandemic status over the last few decades affecting millions of people. Despite a variety of synthetic drugs available in the market, the use of herbal medicines for managing diabetes is gaining importance because of being comparatively safer. This article reviews the result of a substantial literature search on polyherbal formulations (PHFs) developed and evaluated with potential for DM. The accumulated data in the literature allowed us to enlist 76PHFs consisting of different parts of 147 plant species belonging to 58 botanical families. The documented plant species are laden with bioactive components with anti-diabetic properties and thus draw attention. The most favoured ingredient for PHFs was leaves of <i>Gymnema sylvestre</i> and seeds of <i>Trigonella foenum-graecum</i> used in 27 and 22 formulations, respectively. Apart from herbs, shilajit (exudates from high mountain rocks) formed an important component of 9 PHFs, whereas calcined <i>Mytilus margaritiferus</i> and goat pancreas were used in Dolabi, the most commonly used tablet form of PHF in Indian markets. The healing properties of PHFs against diabetes have been examined in both pre-clinical studies and clinical trials. However, the mechanism(s) of action of PHFs are still unclear and considered the pitfalls inherent in understanding the benefits of PHFs. From the information available based on experimental systems, it could be concluded that plant-derived medicines will have a considerable role to play in the control of diabetes provided the challenges related to their bioavailability, bioefficacy, optimal dose, lack of characterization, ambiguous mechanism of action, and clinical efficiency are addressed.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e140323214600"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9111624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Role of Vitamin D in Management of Diabetes and Unresolved Cardiovascular Diseases.","authors":"Prabhat Kumar Upadhyay, Navneet Thakur, Vishal Kumar Vishwakarma, Ritesh Kumar Srivastav, Tarique Mahmood Ansari","doi":"10.2174/1573399820666230901151019","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1573399820666230901151019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vitamin D deficiency is becoming a widely recognized global health issue. Serum values of 25-(OH) vitamin D (<20 ng/ml) are used to identify vitamin D deficiency. By prompting vascular endothelial cells to activate their nuclear receptor in cardio-myocytes, Vitamin D regulates obesity, Renin-angiotensin system (RAS), energy consumption, and pancreatic cell function. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with diabetes, asthma, hyperlipidaemia, and pulmonary hypertension in humans.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed and Google Scholar databases were utilised to search the literature on vitamin D and related diseases.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>It is also linked to an elevated risk of death and heart disease. On the other hand, metaanalyses of vitamin D intervention and trials have found no substantial changes in insulin sensitivity, lipid markers, or blood pressure, which result in the association between deficiency of vitamin D and cardiovascular disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this review, we present the most recent research on the effects of Vitamin D therapy on various cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, and explain the underlying mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e010923220647"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10535268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Managing Diabetic Complications with Alternative Therapeutic Strategies.","authors":"Shobhit Prakash Srivastava, Pawan Upadhyay, Shibu Das, Neha Tiwari, Sudhanshu Mishra, Shivendra Mani Tripathi","doi":"10.2174/1573399820666230907112430","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1573399820666230907112430","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease affecting millions worldwide. It is characterized by a lack of insulin production or impaired insulin function, leading to elevated blood glucose levels. Conventional treatment methods for diabetes management typically include lifestyle changes and medications. However, alternative therapies have gained attention in recent years, including traditional medicine containing bioactive compounds, supplements like vitamin D and Omega-3 fatty acids, aromatherapy, and homeopathy. Diabetic complications are common in patients with uncontrolled diabetes and can lead to serious health problems, including diabetic retinopathy, impaired wound healing, kidney disease, nerve damage, and cardiovascular disease. Alternative remedies, such as traditional medicine containing bioactive compounds, supplements, and aromatherapy, have been studied for their potential benefits in managing these complications. Traditional medicines like bitter melon, cinnamon, and fenugreek have been shown to have anti-diabetic effects due to their bioactive compounds. Similarly, supplements like vitamin D and Omega-3 fatty acids have been found to improve glycemic control in patients with diabetes. Aromatherapy, which involves the use of essential oils, has also been explored for its potential benefits in diabetes management. Homeopathy, which uses highly diluted substances to stimulate the body's natural healing abilities, has been used to treat diabetes-related symptoms like neuropathy and wounds. Personalized care is essential in natural diabetes management because each person's body and health needs are unique. A holistic approach that addresses the individual's physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being is essential. As research in this field continues to expand, a more comprehensive understanding of diabetes management will lead to improved outcomes for those living with this condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e070923220791"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10553841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}