{"title":"Associated Factors Influencing Quality of Life and Knowledge Among Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Mahmoud Alsaraireh, Mahmoud Al-Kalaldeh, Khaldoon Alnawafleh, Doa'a Dwairej, Wesam Almagharbeh","doi":"10.2174/0115733998284163240129073837","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733998284163240129073837","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The assessment of the quality of life (QoL) among type 2 diabetic patients is associated with different factors. Evidence shows that these patients usually suffer from a lack of knowledge about the disease, inadequate self-care, and low QoL.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aimed to assess knowledge of the QoL of type 2 diabetes patients and its possible associated factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional descriptive correlational study recruited type 2 diabetic patients conveniently from out-clinics to achieve the objective of the study. The Diabetes Quality of Life Brief Clinical Inventory (DQoL) and the Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire 18 (DKQ-18) along with a demographic questionnaire were used for patient assessment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 184 patients participated in the study. Patients' knowledge of diabetes was found to be low (8.57 out of 18), with no statistical differences between male and female participants (p=0.259). The average DQoL score was 2.87 out of 5, indicating moderate satisfaction and self-care behavior. DKQ-18 and DoQL were found to be correlated (r= 0.216, p=0.003). However, the patient's age was found to be a significant factor that influences patients' QoL (F=4.27, p=0.040), whereas patients' knowledge contributed weakly to the variation of QoL (F=1.70, p=0.084).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Irrespective of knowledge and educational background, the patient's age is influential in enhancing better QoL among type 2 diabetic patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139721934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yaxian Ning, Xiaochun Zhou, Gouqin Wang, Lili Zhang, Jianqin Wang
{"title":"Bioinformatics to Identify Biomarkers of Diabetic Nephropathy based on Sphingolipid Metabolism and their Molecular Mechanisms.","authors":"Yaxian Ning, Xiaochun Zhou, Gouqin Wang, Lili Zhang, Jianqin Wang","doi":"10.2174/0115733998297749240418071555","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733998297749240418071555","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetes mellitus (DM) frequently results in Diabetic Nephropathy (DN), which has a significant negative impact on the quality of life of diabetic patients. Sphingolipid metabolism is associated with diabetes, but its relationship with DN is unclear. Therefore, screening biomarkers related to sphingolipid metabolism is crucial for treating DN.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To identify Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) in the GSE142153 dataset, we conducted a differential expression analysis (DN samples versus control samples). The intersection genes were obtained by overlapping DEGs and Sphingolipid Metabolism-Related Genes (SMRGs). Furthermore, The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and Support Vector Machine Recursive Feature Elimination (SVM-RFE) algorithms were used to filter biomarkers. We further analyzed the Gene Set Enrichment analysis (GSEA) and the immunoinfiltrational analysis based on biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 2,186 DEGs associated with DN. Then, five SMR-DEGs were obtained. Subsequently, biomarkers associated with sphingolipid metabolism (<i>S1PR1 and SELL</i>) were identified by applying machine learning and expression analysis. In addition, GSEA showed that these biomarkers were correlated with cytokine cytokine receptor interaction'. Significant variations in B cells, DCs, Tems, and Th2 cells between the two groups suggested that these cells might have a role in DN.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, we obtained two sphingolipid metabolism-related biomarkers (<i>S1PR1 and SELL</i>) associated with DN, which laid a theoretical foundation for treating DN.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140849629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
María M Adeva-Andany, Alberto Domínguez-Montero, Lucía Adeva-Contreras, Carlos Fernández-Fernández, Natalia Carneiro-Freire, Manuel González-Lucán
{"title":"Body Fat Distribution Contributes to Defining the Relationship between Insulin Resistance and Obesity in Human Diseases.","authors":"María M Adeva-Andany, Alberto Domínguez-Montero, Lucía Adeva-Contreras, Carlos Fernández-Fernández, Natalia Carneiro-Freire, Manuel González-Lucán","doi":"10.2174/1573399820666230816111624","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1573399820666230816111624","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The risk for metabolic and cardiovascular complications of obesity is defined by body fat distribution rather than global adiposity. Unlike subcutaneous fat, visceral fat (including hepatic steatosis) reflects insulin resistance and predicts type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In humans, available evidence indicates that the ability to store triglycerides in the subcutaneous adipose tissue reflects enhanced insulin sensitivity. Prospective studies document an association between larger subcutaneous fat mass at baseline and reduced incidence of impaired glucose tolerance. Case-control studies reveal an association between genetic predisposition to insulin resistance and a lower amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue. Human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorgamma (PPAR-γ) promotes subcutaneous adipocyte differentiation and subcutaneous fat deposition, improving insulin resistance and reducing visceral fat. Thiazolidinediones reproduce the effects of PPAR-γ activation and therefore increase the amount of subcutaneous fat while enhancing insulin sensitivity and reducing visceral fat. Partial or virtually complete lack of adipose tissue (lipodystrophy) is associated with insulin resistance and its clinical manifestations, including essential hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, reduced HDL-c, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and kidney disease. Patients with Prader Willi syndrome manifest severe subcutaneous obesity without insulin resistance. The impaired ability to accumulate fat in the subcutaneous adipose tissue may be due to deficient triglyceride synthesis, inadequate formation of lipid droplets, or defective adipocyte differentiation. Lean and obese humans develop insulin resistance when the capacity to store fat in the subcutaneous adipose tissue is exhausted and deposition of triglycerides is no longer attainable at that location. Existing adipocytes become large and reflect the presence of insulin resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10014291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Managing Diabetic Complications with Alternative Therapeutic Strategies.","authors":"Shobhit Prakash Srivastava, Pawan Upadhyay, Shibu Das, Neha Tiwari, Sudhanshu Mishra, Shivendra Mani Tripathi","doi":"10.2174/1573399820666230907112430","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1573399820666230907112430","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease affecting millions worldwide. It is characterized by a lack of insulin production or impaired insulin function, leading to elevated blood glucose levels. Conventional treatment methods for diabetes management typically include lifestyle changes and medications. However, alternative therapies have gained attention in recent years, including traditional medicine containing bioactive compounds, supplements like vitamin D and Omega-3 fatty acids, aromatherapy, and homeopathy. Diabetic complications are common in patients with uncontrolled diabetes and can lead to serious health problems, including diabetic retinopathy, impaired wound healing, kidney disease, nerve damage, and cardiovascular disease. Alternative remedies, such as traditional medicine containing bioactive compounds, supplements, and aromatherapy, have been studied for their potential benefits in managing these complications. Traditional medicines like bitter melon, cinnamon, and fenugreek have been shown to have anti-diabetic effects due to their bioactive compounds. Similarly, supplements like vitamin D and Omega-3 fatty acids have been found to improve glycemic control in patients with diabetes. Aromatherapy, which involves the use of essential oils, has also been explored for its potential benefits in diabetes management. Homeopathy, which uses highly diluted substances to stimulate the body's natural healing abilities, has been used to treat diabetes-related symptoms like neuropathy and wounds. Personalized care is essential in natural diabetes management because each person's body and health needs are unique. A holistic approach that addresses the individual's physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being is essential. As research in this field continues to expand, a more comprehensive understanding of diabetes management will lead to improved outcomes for those living with this condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10553841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Role of Vitamin D in Management of Diabetes and Unresolved Cardiovascular Diseases.","authors":"Prabhat Kumar Upadhyay, Navneet Thakur, Vishal Kumar Vishwakarma, Ritesh Kumar Srivastav, Tarique Mahmood Ansari","doi":"10.2174/1573399820666230901151019","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1573399820666230901151019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vitamin D deficiency is becoming a widely recognized global health issue. Serum values of 25-(OH) vitamin D (<20 ng/ml) are used to identify vitamin D deficiency. By prompting vascular endothelial cells to activate their nuclear receptor in cardio-myocytes, Vitamin D regulates obesity, Renin-angiotensin system (RAS), energy consumption, and pancreatic cell function. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with diabetes, asthma, hyperlipidaemia, and pulmonary hypertension in humans.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed and Google Scholar databases were utilised to search the literature on vitamin D and related diseases.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>It is also linked to an elevated risk of death and heart disease. On the other hand, metaanalyses of vitamin D intervention and trials have found no substantial changes in insulin sensitivity, lipid markers, or blood pressure, which result in the association between deficiency of vitamin D and cardiovascular disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this review, we present the most recent research on the effects of Vitamin D therapy on various cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, and explain the underlying mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10535268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ravi Parashar, Amber Vyas, Abhishek K Sah, Narayan Hemnani, Pugazhenthan Thangaraju, Preeti K Suresh
{"title":"Recent Updates on Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery in Posterior Segment Diseases with Emphasis on Diabetic Retinopathy.","authors":"Ravi Parashar, Amber Vyas, Abhishek K Sah, Narayan Hemnani, Pugazhenthan Thangaraju, Preeti K Suresh","doi":"10.2174/0115733998240053231009060654","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733998240053231009060654","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, various conventional formulations have been used for the treatment and/or management of ocular medical conditions. Diabetic retinopathy, a microvascular disease of the retina, remains the leading cause of visual disability in patients with diabetes. Currently, for treating diabetic retinopathy, only intraocular, intravitreal, periocular injections, and laser photocoagulation are widely used. Frequent administration of these drugs by injections may lead to serious complications, including retinal detachment and endophthalmitis. Although conventional ophthalmic formulations like eye drops, ointments, and suspensions are available globally, these formulations fail to achieve optimum drug therapeutic profile due to immediate nasolacrimal drainage, rapid tearing, and systemic tearing toxicity of the drugs. To achieve better therapeutic outcomes with prolonged release of the therapeutic agents, nano-drug delivery materials have been investigated. These nanocarriers include nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), dendrimers, nanofibers, in-situ gel, vesicular carriers, niosomes, and mucoadhesive systems, among others. The nanocarriers carry the potential benefits of site-specific delivery and controlled and sustained drug release profile. In the present article, various nanomaterials explored for treating diabetic retinopathy are reviewed.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49675323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Can Polyherbal Medicine be used for the Treatment of Diabetes? - A Review of Historical Classics, Research Evidence and Current Prevention Programs.","authors":"Sudem Brahma, Arvind Kumar Goyal, Prakash Dhamodhar, Mani Reema Kumari, S Jayashree, Talambedu Usha, Sushil Kumar Middha","doi":"10.2174/1573399819666230314093721","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1573399819666230314093721","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic medical condition, has attained a global pandemic status over the last few decades affecting millions of people. Despite a variety of synthetic drugs available in the market, the use of herbal medicines for managing diabetes is gaining importance because of being comparatively safer. This article reviews the result of a substantial literature search on polyherbal formulations (PHFs) developed and evaluated with potential for DM. The accumulated data in the literature allowed us to enlist 76PHFs consisting of different parts of 147 plant species belonging to 58 botanical families. The documented plant species are laden with bioactive components with anti-diabetic properties and thus draw attention. The most favoured ingredient for PHFs was leaves of <i>Gymnema sylvestre</i> and seeds of <i>Trigonella foenum-graecum</i> used in 27 and 22 formulations, respectively. Apart from herbs, shilajit (exudates from high mountain rocks) formed an important component of 9 PHFs, whereas calcined <i>Mytilus margaritiferus</i> and goat pancreas were used in Dolabi, the most commonly used tablet form of PHF in Indian markets. The healing properties of PHFs against diabetes have been examined in both pre-clinical studies and clinical trials. However, the mechanism(s) of action of PHFs are still unclear and considered the pitfalls inherent in understanding the benefits of PHFs. From the information available based on experimental systems, it could be concluded that plant-derived medicines will have a considerable role to play in the control of diabetes provided the challenges related to their bioavailability, bioefficacy, optimal dose, lack of characterization, ambiguous mechanism of action, and clinical efficiency are addressed.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9111624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Madurapperumage Anuradha Erandathi, William Yu Chung Wang, Michael Mayo, Ching-Chi Lee
{"title":"Comprehensive Factors for Predicting the Complications of DiabetesMellitus: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Madurapperumage Anuradha Erandathi, William Yu Chung Wang, Michael Mayo, Ching-Chi Lee","doi":"10.2174/0115733998271863231116062601","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733998271863231116062601","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This article focuses on extracting a standard feature set for predicting the complications of diabetes mellitus by systematically reviewing the literature. It is conducted and reported by following the guidelines of PRISMA, a well-known systematic review and meta-analysis method. The research articles included in this study are extracted using the search engine \"Web of Science\" over eight years. The most common complications of diabetes, diabetic neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, and cardiovascular diseases are considered in the study.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The features used to predict the complications are identified and categorised by scrutinising the standards of electronic health records.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Overall, 102 research articles have been reviewed, resulting in 59 frequent features being identified. Nineteen attributes are recognised as a standard in all four considered complications, which are age, gender, ethnicity, weight, height, BMI, smoking history, HbA1c, SBP, eGFR, DBP, HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, triglyceride, use of insulin, duration of diabetes, family history of CVD, and diabetes. The existence of a well-accepted and updated feature set for health analytics models to predict the complications of diabetes mellitus is a vital and contemporary requirement. A widely accepted feature set is beneficial for benchmarking the risk factors of complications of diabetes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study is a thorough literature review to provide a clear state of the art for academicians, clinicians, and other stakeholders regarding the risk factors and their importance.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11327746/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139097532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Value of Microbiome-targeted Therapy on Lipid Indices of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Umbrella Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Mohammad-Hossein Keivanlou, Ehsan Amini-Salehi, Soheil Hassanipour, Reza Zare, Erfan Mohammadi-Vajari, Mohammad Hashemi, Arsalan Salari, Parham Porteghali","doi":"10.2174/0115733998284844240102110559","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733998284844240102110559","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is considered a global health challenge with increasing prevalence in recent years. One of the key elements in managing T2DM patients is controlling their lipid profile. Recent studies suggest microbiome-targeted therapy (MTT) as a treatment strategy for enhancing lipid profiles in these patients.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The current study aimed to investigate the impact of MTT on lipid indices of T2DM patients by performing an umbrella approach.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three international databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from inception up to April 2023 to find meta-analyses evaluating the impact of MTT (prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics) on the lipid profile of T2DM patients. Two independent researchers extracted data from the relevant meta-analyses. To find the source of heterogeneity various subgroup analyses were performed. Comprehensive Meta-Analyses (CMA) software version 3 was utilized for the final analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on the results of the current study, MTT had on significant effects total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (ES: - 0.092; 95%CI: -0.111, -0.074; P< 0.001, ES: -0.109; 95%CI: -0.137, -0.081; P< 0.001, ES: -0.036; 95%CI: -0.068, -0.005; P= 0.024, ES: 0.109; 95%CI: 0.056, 0.162; P<0.000, respectively). In subgroup analysis, probiotics showed the most substantial effect on all lipid biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This research has provided promising insights into the potential impact of MTT on lipid levels in patients diagnosed with T2DM. Notably, MTT had the greatest impact on HDL levels, followed by TG, TC, and LDL. As a result of our study, MTT is recommended as an adjunctive therapeutic option for T2DM treatment due to its capability to regulate lipid profiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139512133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advances in the Management of Diabetes and Overweight using Incretin-based Pharmacotherapies.","authors":"Shatrudhan Prajapati","doi":"10.2174/0115733998256797231009062744","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733998256797231009062744","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Throughout the previous three decades, the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 hormone has attracted much attention to attain possible therapy goals for the treatment of both hypoglycaemic along type II diabetes militates and overweight. The pharmaceutical generation of peptides similar to hypoglycaemia-based medicines is exemplified by agonists of the GLP- 1R (Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors). Pharmacokinetic profiles are continuously being improved, beginning with the native hormone with a two- to three-minute quarter and progressing through growth every day with once-drug combinations. Due to contradictory data that indicate stimulation or inhibition of the Glucagon-like peptide receptor, the Glucose-dependent insulin tropic peptide receptor offers favorable effects on systemic metabolism. The recent Glp-1R (Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor-) targeting monomolecular drugs has demonstrated therapeutic effectiveness and has stoked interest in Glucose-dependent insulin tropic polypeptide antagonism as a treatment for overweight and diabetes mellitus. These drugs have been shown to dramatically improve carbohydrates with body weight management in sick people who have obesity and type II diabetes mellitus. In this study, recent breakthroughs in compelling therapeutic interventions are discussed, and the biology and pharmacology of the glucose-like peptide are reviewed.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92153097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}