Alejandra Loyola-Leyva, Karen Hernández-Vidales, Jaime Ruiz-García, Juan Pablo Loyola-Rodríguez
{"title":"Characterization of Green Synthesized Nanoparticles with Anti-diabetic Properties. A Systematic Review.","authors":"Alejandra Loyola-Leyva, Karen Hernández-Vidales, Jaime Ruiz-García, Juan Pablo Loyola-Rodríguez","doi":"10.2174/0115733998306451240425135229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733998306451240425135229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Plants are used in medicine because they are low-cost, widely available, and have few side effects (compared to pharmacological treatment). Plants have phytocompounds with antidiabetic properties that can be delivered using nanoparticles (NPs).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the antidiabetic properties of green synthesized NPs (GSNPs) and their characterization methods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three databases were searched using the terms \"type 2 diabetes mellitus,\" \"antidiabetic effects,\" \"phytochemicals,\" \"plants,\" and \"nanoparticles.\" Studies describing the antidiabetic effects (in vitro or animal models) of NPs synthesized by plant extracts and characterizing them through UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, and DLS were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>16 studies were included. In vitro studies reported enzyme inhibition values between 11% (H. polyrhizus) and 100% (A. concinna) for alfa-amylase and between 41.1% (M. zapota) and 100% (A. concinna) for alfa-glucosidase. Animal studies with Wistar Albino rats having diabetes (induced by alloxan or streptozotocin) reported improved blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, and HDL after treatment with GSNPs. Regarding characterization, NP sizes were measured with DLS (25-181.5 nm), SEM (52.1-91 nm), and TEM (8.7-40.6 nm). The surface charge was analyzed with zeta potential (-30.7 to -2.9 mV). UV-Vis spectroscopy was employed to confirm the formations of AgNPs (360-460 nm), AuNPs (524-540 nm), and ZnONPs (300-400 nm), and FTIR was used to identify plant extract functional groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>GSNP characterization (shape, size, zeta potential, and others) is essential to know the viability and stability, which are important to achieve health benefits for biomedical applications. Studies reported good enzyme inhibition percentages in in vitro studies, decreasing blood glucose levels and improving lipid profiles in animal models with diabetes. However, these studies had limitations in the methodology and potential risk of bias, so results need careful interpretation.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141080601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sourav De, Sabyasachi Banerjee, Pallabita Rakshit, Subhasis Banerjee, S K Ashok Kumar
{"title":"Unraveling the Ties: Type 2 Diabetes and Parkinson's Disease - A Nano-Based Targeted Drug Delivery Approach.","authors":"Sourav De, Sabyasachi Banerjee, Pallabita Rakshit, Subhasis Banerjee, S K Ashok Kumar","doi":"10.2174/0115733998291968240429111357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733998291968240429111357","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The link between Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) and Parkinson's Disease (PD) dates back to the early 1960s, and ongoing research is exploring this association. PD is linked to dysregulation of dopaminergic pathways, neuroinflammation, decreased PPAR-γ coactivator 1-α, increased phosphoprotein enriched in diabetes, and accelerated α-Syn amyloid fibril production caused by T2DM. This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the T2DM-PD association and risk factors for PD in T2DM individuals. The study reviews existing literature using reputable sources like Scopus, ScienceDirect, and PubMed, revealing a significant association between T2DM and worsened PD symptoms. Genetic profiles of T2DM-PD individuals show similarities, and potential risk factors include insulin-resistance and dysbiosis of the gut-brain microbiome. Anti-diabetic drugs exhibit neuroprotective effects in PD, and nanoscale delivery systems like exosomes, micelles, and liposomes show promise in enhancing drug efficacy by crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB). Brain targeting for PD uses exosomes, micelles, liposomes, dendrimers, solid lipid nanoparticles, nano-sized polymers, and niosomes to improve medication and gene therapy efficacy. Surface modification of nanocarriers with bioactive compounds (such as angiopep, lactoferrin, and OX26) enhances α-Syn conjugation and BBB permeability. Natural exosomes, though limited, hold potential for investigating DM-PD pathways in clinical research. The study delves into the underlying mechanisms of T2DM and PD and explores current therapeutic approaches in the field of nano-based targeted drug delivery. Emphasis is placed on resolved and ongoing issues in understanding and managing both conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140921760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leila Ghassemifard, Masumeh Hasanlu, Negin Parsamanesh, Stephen L Atkin, Wael Almahmeed, Amirhossein Sahebkar
{"title":"Cell Therapies and Gene Therapy for Diabetes: Current Progress.","authors":"Leila Ghassemifard, Masumeh Hasanlu, Negin Parsamanesh, Stephen L Atkin, Wael Almahmeed, Amirhossein Sahebkar","doi":"10.2174/0115733998292392240425122326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733998292392240425122326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The epidemic of diabetes continues to be an increasing problem, and there is a need for new therapeutic strategies. There are several promising drugs and molecules in synthetic medicinal chemistry that are developing for diabetes. In addition to this approach, extensive studies with gene and cell therapies are being conducted. Gene therapy is an existing approach in treating several diseases, such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, heart disease and diabetes. Several reports have also suggested that stem cells have the differentiation capability to functional pancreatic beta cell development in vitro and in vivo, with the utility to treat diabetes and prevent the progression of diabetes-related complications. In this current review, we have focused on the different types of cell therapies and vector-based gene therapy in treating or preventing diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140921759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Therapeutic Interventions for Diabetes Mellitus-Associated Complications.","authors":"Dharmendra Pradhan, Prafulla Kumar Sahu, Sukumar Purohit, Santosh Kumar Ranajit, Biswajeet Acharya, Shreya Sangam, Amit Kumar Shrivastava","doi":"10.2174/0115733998291870240408043837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733998291870240408043837","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is an alarming health concern, affecting approximately 537 million people worldwide. As a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, DM demands a comprehensive understanding of its diverse pathophysiological mechanisms and disease progression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This traditional review has consolidated literature on the pathogenesis of hyperglycemia, its progression into complications, and advances in optimal treatment strategies. The literature in the last two decades has been reviewed using several keywords, including \"diabetes,\" \"diabetes-associated complications\", \"novel therapeutic interventions for diabetes-associated diseases\", \"phyto-extracts as antidiabetic drugs\", etc. in prominent databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We have discussed macrovascular and microvascular complications, such as atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD), stroke, diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy, as well as various pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions that are currently available for the management of DM. We have also focused on the potential of natural products in targeting molecular mechanisms involved in carbohydrate metabolism, insulin production, repair of pancreatic cells, and reduction of oxidative stress, thereby contributing to their antidiabetic activity. Additionally, novel therapeutic approaches, like genetic, stem cell, and immunomodulatory therapies, have been explored. We have also discussed the benefits and limitations of each intervention, emerging research and technologies, and precision medicine interventions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review has emphasized the need for an improved understanding of these advancements, which is essential to enhance clinicians' ability to identify the most effective therapeutic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140874539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Phloridzin's Diabetic Wound Healing Potential through DPP-4 Enzyme Inhibition: A Review Article.","authors":"Khushi Sharma, Vadivelan Ramachandran, Ashutosh Sharma, Tharani Mohanasundaram, Harshini Mageshkumar","doi":"10.2174/0115733998291941240416053855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733998291941240416053855","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic wound healing is a dynamic medical process that takes place in an environment within the body that is complex and contains elevated sugar levels, oxygen deprivation, and cellular oxidative stress. Phloridzin (Phlorizin) is one of the most well-known polyphenols found in apples because of its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, antidiabetic, and antiseptic properties; it can also play a significant part in the healing of diabetic wounds. The study aimed to investigate the role of phloridzin as an efficient DPP-4 inhibitor with additional therapeutic effects in diabetic wound healing, as Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) expression increases in response to increases in glucose, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), and inflammation. Phloridzin inhibiting DPP-4 preserves Stromal cell-derived Factor-1α (SDF-1α), Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF), and Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1), which are possible DPP-4 substrates involved in wound healing. The accessible material from systemic searches in PubMed, Scopus, and published articles was reviewed with no period of limitation. The in silico study showed strong binding of phloridzin with DPP-4 protein (2P8S); also, in vitro DPP-4 inhibition assay has shown better inhibition by phloridzin. This study offers new research directions for examining phloridzin's capacity to withstand oxidative stress, as well as for redefining its tactical function as a powerful DPP-4 inhibitor to regulate the process involved in the healing of diabetic wounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140855955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Scoping Review of GIS Mapping of Type 1 Diabetes in Children: Identifying Current Gaps and Future Research Directions Using PRISMA-ScR.","authors":"Demi Miriam, Navendu Chaudhary, Sushil Yewale, Anuradha Khadilkar","doi":"10.2174/0115733998288125240402052930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733998288125240402052930","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Type 1 Diabetes poses a significant public health threat, especially in low-and-middle countries, where resources are limited. The use of geographical information systems in diabetes research has shown the potential to reveal several epidemiological risk factors.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This scoping review aimed to identify the scope and extent of the current literature and explore its limitations on the geographical mapping of children with type 1 diabetes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A scoping review was conducted using five electronic databases and included studies published between the years 2000 and 2023. The search terms included: \"Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus\", \"GIS mapping\", \"Juvenile Onset Diabetes Mellitus\", \"Spatial Epidemiology\", \"Spatial Clustering\", \"Spatial analysis\", and \"Geographic information system\". Relevant full-text articles that met the inclusion criteria were selected for review.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The search identified 17 studies that met the criteria for inclusion in the review. More than half the studies were conducted before 2015 (n=11; 61%). All studies were conducted in High-Income Countries. More than 10 articles studied environmental factors, 3 of them focused on the environment, 6 of them included sociodemographic factors, and 1 study incorporated nutrition (as a variable) in environmental factors. 2 studies focused on the accessibility of health services by pediatric patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Studies on type 1 diabetes highlight the complex relationship between incidence and risk, suggesting comprehensive prevention and treatment. Geographical mapping has potential in low- and middle-income nations, but further research is needed to develop innovative strategies. The importance of geomappping in understanding the risk factors for Type 1 Diabetes is highlighted in this scoping review, which also suggests a possible direction for focused interventions, particularly in settings with low resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140848440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Technology for the Management of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia and MENA Region: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Ayman Al Hayek, Mohamed A Al Dawish","doi":"10.2174/0115733998295755240416060913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733998295755240416060913","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetes technology in the form of digital health or medical devices holds a promise for improving the quality of life and glycemic outcomes. A comprehensive insight into diabetes technology and its impact in Saudi Arabia and the MENA region may improve type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) management.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to assess the impact of different DM-specific technologies: insulin pump therapy, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), and automated insulin delivery system in terms of glycemic control and QoL among T1DM patients in Saudi Arabia and the MENA region.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed and Scopus from 2005 until August 2023. The search was based on the PICO strategy, focusing on T1DM patients, diabetes technology, and QoL. The inclusion criteria were studies illustrating the effect of diabetes technologies on glycemic control or quality of life or both among T1DM patients. Systematic reviews, books, letters, or studies, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, were excluded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 101 articles, eighteen studies were duplicated, and thirty-three studies were excluded after reading the title and abstract. Of the 50 articles analyzed, twenty-five articles did not meet the inclusion criteria. Therefore, 25 articles involving a total of 3088 participants were enrolled in the study. It was shown that a continuous glucose monitoring system and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion improved the glycemic control and the QoL of T1DM patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was a positive impact of insulin pumps, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems, and telemedicine in achieving optimal glucose control and better QoL. Further studies are recommended to clarify the significant role of advanced diabetes technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140852022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lei Cao, Chunwei Wu, Miao Liu, Wenlong Zhang, Hailong Chen, Ruolin Wang, Ze He
{"title":"WITHDRAWN: The Natural Products as Novel Anti-Obesity Agents: Mechanisms Based on Adipose Tissue","authors":"Lei Cao, Chunwei Wu, Miao Liu, Wenlong Zhang, Hailong Chen, Ruolin Wang, Ze He","doi":"10.2174/0115733998278959240216044936","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733998278959240216044936","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article has been withdrawn at the request of the authors of the journal Current Diabetes Reviews.</p><p><p>Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.</p><p><p>The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php</p><p><strong>Bentham science disclaimer: </strong>It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneously submitted or published elsewhere. Furthermore, any data, illustration, structure or table that has been published elsewhere must be reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submitting the article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the authors if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript the authors agree that the copyright of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139982594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jonathan Rt Lakey, Krista Casazza, Waldemar Lernhardt, Eric J Mathur, Ian Jenkins
{"title":"Machine Learning and Augmented Intelligence Enables Prognosis of Type 2 Diabetes Prior to Clinical Manifestation.","authors":"Jonathan Rt Lakey, Krista Casazza, Waldemar Lernhardt, Eric J Mathur, Ian Jenkins","doi":"10.2174/0115733998276990240117113408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733998276990240117113408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The global incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) persists at epidemic proportions. Early diagnosis and/or preventive efforts are critical to attenuate the multi-systemic clinical manifestation and consequent healthcare burden. Despite enormous strides in the understanding of pathophysiology and on-going therapeutic development, effectiveness and access are persistent limitations. Among the greatest challenges, the extensive research efforts have not promulgated reliable predictive biomarkers for early detection and risk assessment. The emerging fields of multi-omics combined with machine learning (ML) and augmented intelligence (AI) have profoundly impacted the capacity for predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This paper explores the current challenges associated with the identification of predictive biomarkers for T2D and discusses potential actionable solutions for biomarker identification and validation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The articles included were collected from PubMed queries. The selected topics of inquiry represented a wide range of themes in diabetes biomarker prediction and prognosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The current criteria and cutoffs for T2D diagnosis are not optimal nor consider a myriad of contributing factors in terms of early detection. There is an opportunity to leverage AI and ML to significantly enhance the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the disease and identify prognostic biomarkers. The innovative technologies being developed by GATC are expected to play a crucial role in this pursuit via algorithm training and validation, enabling comprehensive and in-depth analysis of complex biological systems.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>GATC is an emerging leader guiding the establishment of a systems approach towards research and predictive, personalized medicine. The integration of these technologies with clinical data can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of T2D, paving the way for precision medicine approaches and improved patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139671478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kumudha Dhamotharaswamy, Hemalatha Selvaraj, Padmashree Lakshmanaperumal, R Harsha, Anuja S Sasankan, Prabha Thangavelu, K Menaka, Sivakumar Thangavel
{"title":"Diabetes and TB: Confluence of Two Epidemic and Its Effect on Clinical Presentation.","authors":"Kumudha Dhamotharaswamy, Hemalatha Selvaraj, Padmashree Lakshmanaperumal, R Harsha, Anuja S Sasankan, Prabha Thangavelu, K Menaka, Sivakumar Thangavel","doi":"10.2174/1573399819666230331113156","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1573399819666230331113156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tuberculosis (TB) has become a rising concern in low-income countries, particularly in those with Human Immuno Deficiency Virus (HIV) epidemics, and type 2 diabetes has emerged as a significant global chronic health problem, owing to increases in obesity, lifestyle changes, and ageing populations. Diabetes has been identified as a major risk factor for the development of TB. Despite the fact that diabetes imparts a substantially lower risk of TB (3-fold) as compared to HIV (>20-fold), in communities where the number of DM patients is high, the contribution of diabetes to TB might be bigger than HIV.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review will focus on the link between TB and diabetes, which is now one of the most important topics for physicians since diabetes impacts the clinical presentation and outcome of TB and vice versa.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Though TB is more common in type 1 diabetes, the extent of the problem in type 2 diabetes should be taken into account with equal care, as type 2 diabetes affects a substantially higher number of individuals.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Diabetes patients are more vulnerable to infections because of their impaired immune systems. Increased glucose level leads to a rise in the infection status among TB patients and also leads to a rise in various complications. Extensive and increased screening for both TB and DM over years can help diagnose disease priorly and help in better management. TB, when diagnosed in its early stages, can be easily eradicated.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e310323215348"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9220635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}