Current diabetes reviews最新文献

{"title":"The Impact of Yoga as an Adjunct to Standard Care on Glycemic Control, Insulin Resistance, Oxidative Stress, and Quality of Life in Individuals with or at Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Danish Javed, Madhu Bhargavi Chandra, Varun Malhotra, Sofia Mudda, Padmavathi R, Vishnu Vardhan Karrothu, Madhu Babu Adusumilli, Santenna Chenchula","doi":"10.2174/0115733998383494250827215758","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733998383494250827215758","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is marked by insulin resistance and chronic hyperglycemia. Yoga, a complementary therapy, may improve metabolic outcomes when used with standard care. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of yoga on glycemic control, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and psychological well-being in individuals with or at risk of T2DM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic search in PubMed, CAM-QUEST®, and the Cochrane Central Register following PRISMA guidelines. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing yoga interventions (asanas, pranayama, kriyas, and meditation) alongside standard care. Primary outcomes were fasting blood glucose (FBS), postprandial blood glucose (PPBS), HbA1c, serum insulin, and HOMA-IR. Secondary outcomes included oxidative stress markers (glutathione, malondialdehyde [MDA], superoxide dismutase [SOD]) and psychological outcomes. Meta-analyses were conducted using random-effects models in RevMan 5.4.1.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourteen RCTs (n = 1,629 participants) were included. Yoga combined with standard care significantly improved FBS (SMD = -1.60; 95% CI: -2.27 to -0.92), PPBS (SMD = -2.16; p = 0.03), HbA1c (SMD = -0.92; 95% CI: -1.59 to -0.26), and HOMA-IR (SMD = -1.28; p = 0.002). MDA levels were significantly reduced, though glutathione and SOD showed no significant changes. Psychological well-being improved in several trials.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Yoga appears effective in improving glycemic outcomes and insulin resistance in patients with or at risk of T2DM. It may also reduce oxidative stress and enhance psychological well- being, highlighting its potential as a holistic intervention.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Yoga, when integrated with standard care, offers clinically relevant benefits in managing T2DM and related metabolic risks. Further high-quality, multi-centered trials using standardized protocols are needed to validate and generalize these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e15733998383494"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145136648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of a Health Education Program on Knowledge, Medication Adherence, and Glycosylated Hemoglobin in Rural Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.","authors":"Zeinab Elyasi, Nasrin Ghiasi, Ali Khorshidi, Salar Bakhtiyari, Mohsen Jalilian","doi":"10.2174/0115733998332358240923112144","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733998332358240923112144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Improving medication adherence plays a crucial role in preventing adverse complications of type 2 diabetes.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to determine the effect of a health education program on knowledge, medication adherence, and HbA1c in rural patients with type 2 diabetes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This experimental study was conducted in Ilam County, Iran. Participants were selected via multistage cluster sampling and randomly assigned to either the intervention group (n=43) or the control group (n=42). The intervention group underwent a one-month educational program based on self-regulation theory, consisting of 12 sessions, while the control group received no educational intervention. Data were collected at baseline, three months, and six months using a diabetes knowledge test (DKT), the Iranian version of the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8 (IVMMAS-8), and laboratory measurements of HbA1c. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 16, employing chi-square tests, independent sample t-tests, repeated-measures ANOVA, and Bonferroni correction at a significance level of 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>After 3 and 6 months, the intervention group showed significant improvements in diabetes knowledge and medication adherence and a significant reduction in HbA1c levels compared to the control group (p<0.001). No significant changes were observed in the control group over time (p>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrated that health education based on self-regulation theory can effectively increase knowledge, improve treatment adherence, and decrease HbA1c levels in rural patients with type 2 diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e15733998332358"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142767030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Diabetes to Dermatology: The Role of Teneligliptin in Bullous Pemphigoid Development.","authors":"Md Sadique Hussain, Gurusha Bahl, Yumna Khan, Ajay Singh Bisht, Gaurav Gupta","doi":"10.2174/0115733998370106250610103519","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733998370106250610103519","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune blistering disease that especially presents in elderly patients, but recently, its incidence has increased in patients treated with inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), among which teneligliptin is widely prescribed as an antidiabetic drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Recent studies describe the association of teneligliptin with the onset of BP, hypothesizing that DPP-4 inhibition could induce immune dysregulation able to trigger autoimmune responses against skin antigens BP180 and BP230. This mini-review discusses the immunomodulatory effects of teneligliptin, immune responses, and chronic inflammation associated with diabetes that predispose patients to BP. It also discusses the clinical implications, such as monitoring for BP in T2DM patients on teneligliptin therapy. Elucidation of this relationship may help in optimizing management strategies by highlighting discontinuation or alternative therapies in the case of a high risk of development of BP.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e15733998370106"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145307071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epigenetic Modifications and Their Role in Type 1 Diabetes Development: A Review.","authors":"Jenner Chrystian Veríssimo de Azevedo, Fernando Liberalino Fernandes, Tayline Dantas Rodrigues, Iluska Almeida Carneiro Martins de Medeiros, Vania Sousa Andrade, Joselio Maria Galvao de Araujo, Fabiana Lima Bezerra, Christiane Medeiros Bezerra, Thales Allyrio Araujo de Medeiros Fernandes, José Veríssimo Fernandes","doi":"10.2174/0115733998399336251122042738","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733998399336251122042738","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease marked by pancreatic β-cell destruction and insulin deficiency. Its pathogenesis involves genetic predisposition, environmental exposures, and epigenetic modifications. This review examines how epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs, contribute to T1DM and their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, and Google Scholar. Studies on DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNA expression in T1DM patients and experimental models were analyzed to identify mechanisms linking epigenetic mechanisms to disease progression. Results Epigenetic alterations, including abnormal DNA methylation, histone modifications, and dysregulated non-coding RNAs, play central roles in immune imbalance and β-cell dysfunction. DNA methylation affects genes involved in immune regulation, insulin synthesis, and β-cell survival. Non-coding RNAs regulate transcriptional and inflammatory pathways, while histone modifications alter chromatin accessibility, further contributing to β-cell loss.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Epigenetic mechanisms mediate interactions between genetic risk and environmental triggers, shaping autoimmunity and disease heterogeneity. These findings underscore their relevance for early detection and targeted interventions in T1DM.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Epigenetic changes form a critical link between genetics, environment, and immune dysfunction in T1DM. By regulating immune responses and β-cell integrity, they drive disease onset and progression. Their study provides opportunities for predictive biomarkers and innovative therapies aimed at reprogramming epigenetic pathways to restore immune tolerance and preserve β-cell function.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e15733998399336"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146050721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In Silico</i> Exploration of Ayurvedic Extract for Targeting Diabetes Mellitus and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease <i>via</i> GPR120 and GPR40.","authors":"Priyanka Sharma, Kalicharan Sharma, Anoop Kumar, Mukesh Nandave","doi":"10.2174/0115733998380420250411073427","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733998380420250411073427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is the most prevalent form of hyperglycemia, often coexisting with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), as both share disrupted glucose and lipid metabolic pathways. The study aimed to explore the antidiabetic and hepatoprotective potential of active phytoconstituents from Tinospora cordifolia, Phyllanthus niruri, and Picrorhiza kurroa, focusing on their interaction with GPR120 and GPR 40 receptors through network pharmacology and molecular docking approaches.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A combined extract of <i>T. cordifolia</i>, P. niruri, and P. kurroa was prepared following the Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia standards. Phytoconstituents were identified using High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatographic (HPTLC) and mass spectroscopy. Network pharmacology analysis predicted mechanisms of action involving PI3-kinase, Protein Kinase C, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways, targeting GPR120 and GPR40. Molecular docking was conducted for 31 identified compounds, and pharmacokinetic (ADMET) properties of the key hits were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>Molecular docking identified six compounds with strong binding affinities to GPR 120 and 40. Among these, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, and cinnamic acid exhibited significant binding to GPR40 with docking scores of -10.68, -9.991, and -7.580 kcal/mol, respectively. Similarly, veronicoside, malic acid, and corilagin demonstrated strong interaction with GPR120, with docking scores of -8.95, -7.32, and -9.21 kcal/mol. The combined extract contained cinnamic acid and corilagin as major phytoconstituents, supported by favourable ADMET properties. The analysis highlighted their role in modulating glucose and lipid metabolism via key signaling pathways, corroborating their antidiabetic and hepatoprotective potential.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study identifies cinnamic acid and corilagin as promising candidates for natural therapeutics targeting T2DM and NAFLD. The translational potential of T. cordifolia, P. niruri, and P. kurroa provide further experimental validation to confirm their clinical efficacy in modulating metabolic pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e15733998380420"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144282797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Sarcopenia on Glucose and Insulin Dynamics: A Mathematical Model.","authors":"Abdesslam Boutayeb, E N Mohamed Lamlili, Wiam Boutayeb","doi":"10.2174/0115733998419601251007101814","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733998419601251007101814","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Diabetes and sarcopenia are major age-related health issues in the world. Due to their bidirectional relationship, they significantly impact the quality of life of elderly men and women, especially those over 60 years old. In this brief communication, we incorporate the effect of sarcopenia into a previously developed mathematical model examining the impact of exercise on the dynamics of glucose and insulin.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Extending a previous mathematical model by Derouich and Boutayeb, derived from the minimal model of Bergman, we present a new mathematical model using ordinary differential equations in which the parameter \"S\" is included to express the additive effect of sarcopenia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Considering that the sarcopenia effect is introduced multiplicatively, the new model proposed shows that sarcopenia lowers insulin sensitivity both in the presence and absence of physical exercise. The effects of sarcopenia on glucose dynamics are illustrated by simulations with varying model parameters.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>A large number of clinical studies have shown the link between Type 2 diabetes and sarcopenia. Some authors have particularly explored the causal relationship between insulin resistance and sarcopenia. The proposed mathematical model indicates that sarcopenia reduces insulin sensitivity in both the presence and absence of physical exercise, and that severe sarcopenia may negate the benefits of physical exercise.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>By theoretically demonstrating the relationship between sarcopenia and Type 2 diabetes, this mathematical model confirms the interrelationship between sarcopenia and Type 2 diabetes for any population worldwide, regardless of its regional, cultural, or environmental specificity.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e15733998419601"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145372207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotics and Metabolic Dysregulation After Surgery: Exploring an Overlooked Connection.","authors":"Dinesh Kumar, Vrinda Gupta, Nicky Kumar Jaiswal, Rajni Tanwar","doi":"10.2174/0115733998425015260116113449","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733998425015260116113449","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypertension and hyperglycemia are common in patients without metabolic disease even after surgery and are generally considered to have been caused by surgical stress and inflammation. Nonetheless, in the case of long-term or repeated exposure to perioperative antibiotics, this can be a hidden cause of disturbances. Broad-spectrum antibiotics may interfere with gut microbiota, decrease short-chain fatty acid synthesis, and impair mitochondrial function and vascularity, thereby facilitating the development of insulin resistance and metabolic instability. Observational cohort evidence associates cumulative exposure to antibiotics with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, whereas experimental models show that antibiotics cause glucose intolerance via the mechanism of dysbiosis. There are also clinical observations that, in certain patients, suitable parameters of the metabolic condition return to normal only on removal of antibiotics. These mechanisms can interact with surgical stress, especially in metabolically vulnerable individuals. This hypothesis-generating editorial demonstrates the need to explore antibiotic-related metabolic changes during postoperative care and to implement microbiome-informed interventions in perioperative practice and antibiotic stewardship.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e15733998425015"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147364392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging Therapeutic Potential of Fisetin for Nephrotoxicity, Kidney Injury, and Nephropathy: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Saeed Mohajeri, Alizamen Salehifard Jouneghani, Saeid Heidari-Soureshjani, Catherine Mt Sherwin, Faramarz Beigi","doi":"10.2174/0115733998369114250512094027","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733998369114250512094027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction/objective: </strong>Kidney diseases cause high morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study investigated the mechanistic effects of Fisetin (FIS) on nephrotoxicity, kidney injury, and nephropathy induced by drugs, toxic chemicals, diabetes, lupus, diet, ureteral obstruction, and ischemic situations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To identify pertinent articles published before Oct 1, 2024, a comprehensive electronic search was performed across several databases, including MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus. After establishing clear inclusion and exclusion criteria, studies that met the research objectives were selected. Data were extracted and analyzed, documenting study characteristics, methodologies, and biological mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>Antioxidant benefits were evident with increased levels of endogenous antioxidant enzymes and NQO1, alongside reduced oxidative stress markers such as 8-OHdG and MDA. Enhanced mitochondrial function, including improved respiration, ATP synthesis, and antioxidant capacity, further supported cellular resilience. Anti-inflammatory effects were marked by reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines, macrophage and neutrophil infiltration, and inhibited pathways like NF-κB and MAPK. Anti-apoptotic actions included decreased levels of pro-apoptotic proteins. FIS also reduced fibrotic markers and pathways such as TGF-β/SMAD, mitigating excessive ECM buildup. Additionally, modulation of metabolic pathways was observed, including decreased glucose and lipid profiles and improved insulin sensitivity. Kidney function and structural integrity were preserved with reduced levels of nephrotoxic agents.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Preclinical studies revealed that FIS demonstrates promising protective effects against kidney toxicity, renal injury, diabetes, and lupus-induced nephropathy. However, more clinical studies are needed in this field to determine effective and safe doses.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e15733998369114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144215190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulating Biomarkers as a Window into the Relationship between Sarcopenia and Diabetes: Implications for Effective Management.","authors":"Ali Tajik, Vahid Mahdavizadeh, Farzin Hadizadeh, Neda Shakour","doi":"10.2174/0115733998349193250207045239","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733998349193250207045239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction/aims: </strong>This study aims to investigate the relationship between sarcopenia and circulating biomarkers in diabetes, with a focus on early detection and effective management strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature review was conducted using the ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases up to December 2024. Key search terms included \"diabetes,\" \"sarcopenia,\" \"HbA1c\", \"glucose,\" \"insulin,\" and specific biomarkers such as inflammatory markers, adipokines, and myokines.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>Aging is associated with a decline in organ and bodily system functionality, with sarcopenia being particularly prominent due to its progressive loss of muscle mass and function. This condition increases health risks and mortality in the elderly. Muscles, as the primary consumers of glucose, play a crucial role in glucose uptake; reduced mass can exacerbate insulin resistance. Sarcopenia and diabetes share common pathophysiological mechanisms, including insulin resistance, inflammation, and vascular complications. Circulating biomarkers, crucial for diabetes management, may offer insights into the early stages of sarcopenia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The complex relationship between sarcopenia and diabetes, influenced by shared pathophysiological pathways, presents challenges in geriatric healthcare. Circulating biomarkers hold promise for early detection and monitoring of sarcopenia, potentially enhancing patient outcomes and quality of life. Further research is necessary to validate these connections and develop targeted treatments for individuals affected by these conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e15733998349193"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143413687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Overview and Review of Growth Factors in Wound Healing: Emerging Trends and Innovations.","authors":"Phool Chandra, Mohd Faizan, Mayur Porwal, Himanshu Sharma, Neetu Sachan","doi":"10.2174/0115733998332692241202072249","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733998332692241202072249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wound healing is a complex process involving various cellular and molecular events aimed at restoring tissue integrity. Growth factors play a pivotal role in orchestrating these events by regulating cell migration, proliferation, differentiation, and extracellular matrix synthesis. Several growth factors have been identified as crucial mediators of wound healing, including PDGF, TGF-β, VEGF, FGF, and EGF. PDGF is released by platelets upon injury and stimulates the migration and proliferation of fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells, promoting the formation of granulation tissue. TGF-β regulates various aspects of wound healing, including inflammation, collagen deposition, and tissue remodeling. VEGF promotes angiogenesis, facilitating the formation of new blood vessels to supply oxygen and nutrients to the healing tissue. FGF stimulates fibroblast proliferation and angiogenesis, contributing to tissue regeneration. EGF promotes the migration and proliferation of epithelial cells, aiding in the re-epithelialization of the wound. These growth factors act in a coordinated manner to promote each phase of wound healing, including hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Dysregulation of growth factor expression or signaling can impair the healing process, leading to chronic wounds or excessive scar formation. Understanding the roles of growth factors in wound healing has led to the development of therapeutic strategies aimed at enhancing wound repair.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":"1-27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144186750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}