Current diabetes reviews最新文献

{"title":"Effectiveness and Safety of Metformin, Teneligliptin, and Glimepiride Combination Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes: A Quasi Experimental Clinical Trial.","authors":"Rajesh Kumar Manchi, Santenna Chenchula, Manchi Haritha","doi":"10.2174/0115733998292943240730115310","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733998292943240730115310","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) accounts for more than 95% of all diabetes cases and is a leading cause of disability and death. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a combination therapy involving metformin, teneligliptin, and glimepiride in patients diagnosed with T2DM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present quasi-experimental clinical trial involved 300 adult T2DM patients. They were divided into three groups: Group 1 (Metformin; n=100), Group 2 (Metformin + Teneligliptin; n=100), and Group 3 (Metformin + Teneligliptin +; n=100). Along with demographic data, we collected information on HbA1c, FBS, and PPBS levels, as well as fasting insulin, CPeptide, HOMA-IR, QUICKI-IR, and lipid, renal, and hepatic profiles at baseline and after 3, 6, and 12 months. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 21.0 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 300 patients participated in the study. At the end of 12 months, triple-drug therapy achieved significant glycemic control (HbA1c: 6.56±0.50%; P<0.0001) and reduced FBS (7.6±1.41 mg/dl; P<0.0001), PPBS (9.39±2.14 mg/dl; P<0.0001), and fasting insulin (11.26±2.5 IU; P<0.0001), C-peptide (2.01±2.29 ng/ml; P<0.0001), and insulin resistance by HOMA-IR (3.74±0.7; P<0.0001). Favorable lipid profiles (P<0.0001) were noted versus other groups. Despite renal and hepatic profile variations, values remained within the normal range.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combination of teneligliptin with metformin and glimepiride in T2DM patients demonstrated significant improvements in glycaemic control, reduced insulin resistance, and positive effects on lipid, renal, and hepatic profiles. Importantly, the therapy did not result in serious adverse drug reactions, such as hypoglycemia. We need more RCTs to substantiate these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":"102-111"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142766975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Qatar's Silent Epidemic: A Comprehensive Meta-analysis on the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome.","authors":"Sarah Aqel, Jamil Ahmad, Sebawe Syaj, Majd N Daoud, Bashar Araiqat","doi":"10.2174/0115733998286706240129074153","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733998286706240129074153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Metabolic syndrome comprises various conditions like abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, elevated triglyceride levels, reduced HDL, and high blood pressure, which pose significant health challenges globally. It's imperative to determine its prevalence in specific populations to formulate effective preventive measures.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the Qatari population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was executed on PubMed until July 2023 with keywords \"Metabolic syndrome\" and \"Qatar.\" Eligibility criteria included human subjects, studies assessing metabolic syndrome components, and research conducted in Qatar or on Qatari subjects. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Pooled prevalence rates were calculated using the inverse variance weighting metaanalysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 237 studies, 14 met our inclusion criteria, with a combined sample size of 14,772 from the Qatari population. The overall pooled prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 26%. The ATP III and IDF criteria exhibited significant differences in prevalence rates, with the IDF criteria showing a higher prevalence. Patients in the age of 40 or older demonstrated a higher prevalence compared to the younger group. Studies post-2018 reported a decreasing trend in metabolic syndrome prevalence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the Qatari population is comparable to rates in the Middle East. The study underscores the need for tailored interventions and strategies, especially targeting the older age group. Continuous research and monitoring are essential to track and understand the disease's progression in Qatar.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":"47-57"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139995827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of a Vegan Diet on the Health Indicators and Outcomes of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.","authors":"Malak S Alharbi, Waleed I Albalawi, Faisal F Jumah, Abdulrhman M Al-Qarni, Meshari S Alashjaee, Ahmed Aljabri, Mohammed M H Al-Gayyar","doi":"10.2174/0115733998313114240611102335","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733998313114240611102335","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Recently, there has been a notable increase in interest in various forms of vegetarianism, which may be due to the growing prevalence of health issues, such as Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Adhering to a vegan diet may have positive health outcomes. As a result, we conducted a review article to gather data from previous research studies on the effects of a vegan diet on different aspects of managing patients with T2DM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched the PubMed website for research studies on how a vegan diet affects the outcomes of patients with T2DM. The research studies were categorized according to the type of data collected, such as prevalence, incidence, body weight, insulin resistance, glycemic control, and lipid profile.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was found that following a vegetarian diet can significantly reduce the risk of mortality from heart disease. Additionally, studies have demonstrated that a vegetarian diet is linked to several improvements in T2DM. However, long-term weight loss plans and managing T2DM is a comprehensive intervention that includes caloric restriction, exercise, and behavioral modification.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Incorporating a vegan diet can be a valuable factor to consider in managing T2DM, as it can offer numerous benefits, such as increased insulin sensitivity, weight loss, and reduced blood sugar levels. It helps to reduce cholesterol levels, LDL, and triglyceride levels, which are all risk factors associated with T2DM. By reducing these risk factors, the vegan diet can improve the overall health of T2DM patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e020724231487"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141491178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the Ties: Type 2 Diabetes and Parkinson's Disease - A Nano-Based Targeted Drug Delivery Approach.","authors":"Sourav De, Sabyasachi Banerjee, Pallabita Rakshit, Subhasis Banerjee, S K Ashok Kumar","doi":"10.2174/0115733998291968240429111357","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733998291968240429111357","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The link between Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) and Parkinson's Disease (PD) dates back to the early 1960s, and ongoing research is exploring this association. PD is linked to dysregulation of dopaminergic pathways, neuroinflammation, decreased PPAR-γ coactivator 1-α, increased phosphoprotein enriched in diabetes, and accelerated α-Syn amyloid fibril production caused by T2DM. This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the T2DM-PD association and risk factors for PD in T2DM individuals. The study reviews existing literature using reputable sources like Scopus, ScienceDirect, and PubMed, revealing a significant association between T2DM and worsened PD symptoms. Genetic profiles of T2DM-PD individuals show similarities, and potential risk factors include insulin-resistance and dysbiosis of the gut-brain microbiome. Anti-diabetic drugs exhibit neuroprotective effects in PD, and nanoscale delivery systems like exosomes, micelles, and liposomes show promise in enhancing drug efficacy by crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB). Brain targeting for PD uses exosomes, micelles, liposomes, dendrimers, solid lipid nanoparticles, nano-sized polymers, and niosomes to improve medication and gene therapy efficacy. Surface modification of nanocarriers with bioactive compounds (such as angiopep, lactoferrin, and OX26) enhances α-Syn conjugation and BBB permeability. Natural exosomes, though limited, hold potential for investigating DM-PD pathways in clinical research. The study delves into the underlying mechanisms of T2DM and PD and explores current therapeutic approaches in the field of nano-based targeted drug delivery. Emphasis is placed on resolved and ongoing issues in understanding and managing both conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":"32-58"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140921760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine Learning and Augmented Intelligence Enables Prognosis of Type 2 Diabetes Prior to Clinical Manifestation.","authors":"Jonathan R T Lakey, Krista Casazza, Waldemar Lernhardt, Eric J Mathur, Ian Jenkins","doi":"10.2174/0115733998276990240117113408","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733998276990240117113408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The global incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) persists at epidemic proportions. Early diagnosis and/or preventive efforts are critical to attenuate the multi-systemic clinical manifestation and consequent healthcare burden. Despite enormous strides in the understanding of pathophysiology and on-going therapeutic development, effectiveness and access are persistent limitations. Among the greatest challenges, the extensive research efforts have not promulgated reliable predictive biomarkers for early detection and risk assessment. The emerging fields of multi-omics combined with machine learning (ML) and augmented intelligence (AI) have profoundly impacted the capacity for predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This paper explores the current challenges associated with the identification of predictive biomarkers for T2D and discusses potential actionable solutions for biomarker identification and validation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The articles included were collected from PubMed queries. The selected topics of inquiry represented a wide range of themes in diabetes biomarker prediction and prognosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The current criteria and cutoffs for T2D diagnosis are not optimal nor consider a myriad of contributing factors in terms of early detection. There is an opportunity to leverage AI and ML to significantly enhance the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the disease and identify prognostic biomarkers. The innovative technologies being developed by GATC are expected to play a crucial role in this pursuit via algorithm training and validation, enabling comprehensive and in-depth analysis of complex biological systems.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>GATC is an emerging leader guiding the establishment of a systems approach towards research and predictive, personalized medicine. The integration of these technologies with clinical data can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of T2D, paving the way for precision medicine approaches and improved patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e010224226610"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139671478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technology for the Management of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia and MENA Region: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Ayman Al Hayek, Mohamed A Al Dawish","doi":"10.2174/0115733998295755240416060913","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733998295755240416060913","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetes technology in the form of digital health or medical devices holds a promise for improving the quality of life and glycemic outcomes. A comprehensive insight into diabetes technology and its impact in Saudi Arabia and the MENA region may improve type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) management.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to assess the impact of different DM-specific technologies: Insulin pump therapy, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), and automated insulin delivery system in terms of glycemic control and QoL among T1DM patients in Saudi Arabia and the MENA region.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed and Scopus from 2005 until August 2023. The search was based on the PICO strategy, focusing on T1DM patients, diabetes technology, and QoL. The inclusion criteria were studies illustrating the effect of diabetes technologies on glycemic control or quality of life or both among T1DM patients. Systematic reviews, books, letters, or studies, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, were excluded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 101 articles, eighteen studies were duplicated, and thirty-three studies were excluded after reading the title and abstract. Of the 50 articles analyzed, twenty-five articles did not meet the inclusion criteria. Therefore, 25 articles involving a total of 3088 participants were enrolled in the study. It was shown that a continuous glucose monitoring system and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion improved the glycemic control and the QoL of T1DM patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was a positive impact of insulin pumps, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems, and telemedicine in achieving optimal glucose control and better QoL. Further studies are recommended to clarify the significant role of advanced diabetes technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":"75-92"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140852022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Multifaceted Role of the Polyphenol Curcumin: A Focus on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.","authors":"Roberto Campagna, Monia Cecati, Arianna Vignini","doi":"10.2174/0115733998313402240726080637","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733998313402240726080637","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, which often co-exists with other metabolic impairments. This condition can damage various tissues and organs, resulting in the development of severe complications, both microvascular, such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy, and macrovascular, responsible for an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Curcumin is the main bioactive molecule found in the rhizomes of turmeric. Many studies have reported curcumin to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-infectious, and anti-cancer properties; thus, there is an increasing interest in exploiting these properties in order to prevent the rise or the progression of T2DM, as well as its possible associated conditions. In this review, we have presented the current state-ofart regarding the clinical trials that have involved curcumin administration and analyzed the possible mechanisms by which curcumin might exert the beneficial effects observed in literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e15733998313402"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142767034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Scoping Review of GIS Mapping of Type 1 Diabetes in Children: Identifying Current Gaps and Future Research Directions Using PRISMA-ScR.","authors":"Demi Miriam, Navendu Chaudhary, Sushil Yewale, Anuradha Khadilkar","doi":"10.2174/0115733998288125240402052930","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733998288125240402052930","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Type 1 Diabetes poses a significant public health threat, especially in low-and-middle countries, where resources are limited. The use of geographical information systems in diabetes research has shown the potential to reveal several epidemiological risk factors.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This scoping review aimed to identify the scope and extent of the current literature and explore its limitations on the geographical mapping of children with type 1 diabetes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A scoping review was conducted using five electronic databases and included studies published between the years 2000 and 2023. The search terms included: \"Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus\", \"GIS mapping\", \"Juvenile Onset Diabetes Mellitus\", \"Spatial Epidemiology\", \"Spatial Clustering\", \"Spatial analysis\", and \"Geographic information system\". Relevant full-text articles that met the inclusion criteria were selected for review.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The search identified 17 studies that met the criteria for inclusion in the review. More than half the studies were conducted before 2015 (n=11; 61%). All studies were conducted in High-Income Countries. More than 10 articles studied environmental factors, 3 of them focused on the environment, 6 of them included sociodemographic factors, and 1 study incorporated nutrition (as a variable) in environmental factors. 2 studies focused on the accessibility of health services by pediatric patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Studies on type 1 diabetes highlight the complex relationship between incidence and risk, suggesting comprehensive prevention and treatment. Geographical mapping has potential in low- and middle-income nations, but further research is needed to develop innovative strategies. The importance of geomappping in understanding the risk factors for Type 1 Diabetes is highlighted in this scoping review, which also suggests a possible direction for focused interventions, particularly in settings with low resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e260424229413"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140848440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Updated Review on Diabetic Nephropathy: Potential Mechanisms, Biomarkers, Therapeutic Targets and Interventional Therapies.","authors":"Rama Rao Nadendla, K Khairunnisa, Namra Aziz, Chandana Pyne, Uttam Prasad Panigrahy, Pranay Wal, Mrunalini Harish Kulkarni, Azhar Rasheed","doi":"10.2174/0115733998291920240611063402","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733998291920240611063402","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetic nephropathy (DN), the primary risk factor for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) that requires dialysis or renal transplantation, affects up to 50% of individuals with diabetes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this article, potential mechanisms, biomarkers, and possible therapeutic targets will be discussed, as well as their interventional therapies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature review was done from databases like Google Scholar, PUBMEDMEDLINE, and Scopus using standard keywords \"Diabetic Nephropathy,\" \"Biomarkers,\" \"Pathophysiology,\" \"Cellular Mechanism,\" \"Cell Therapy,\" \"Treatment Therapies\" from 2010- 2023. It has been studied that metabolic as well as hemodynamic pathways resulting from hyperglycemia act as mediators for renal disease.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 270 articles, of which 210 were reviewed in full-text and 90 met the inclusion criteria. Every therapy regimen for the prevention and treatment of DN must include the blocking of ANG-II action. By reducing inflammatory and fibrotic markers brought on by hyperglycemia, an innovative approach to halting the progression of diabetic mellitus (DN) involves combining sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers. When compared to taking either medicine alone, this method works better. AGEs, protein kinase C (PKC), and the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) are among the components that are inhibited in DN management strategies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Thus, it can be concluded that the multifactorial condition of DN needs to be treated at an early stage. Novel therapies with a combination of cell therapies and diet management are proven to be effective in the management of DN.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e240624231266"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141449942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Downregulation of <i>Tnf-α</i> and <i>Cat</i> Expression in a Wistar Rat Diabetic Model during Diabetes Onset.","authors":"Catherine Giovanna Costas Arcia, Jessica Freitas Araujo Encinas, Joyce Regina Santos Raimundo, Katharyna Cardoso de Gois, Beatriz da Costa Aguiar Alves, Matheus Moreira Perez, Thais Moura Gascon, Fernando Luiz Affonso Fonseca, Glaucia Luciano da Veiga","doi":"10.2174/0115733998264880230919062657","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115733998264880230919062657","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia and/or insulin resistance. If left uncontrolled, it can lead to a combination of cardiac and renal alterations known as cardiorenal syndrome. Additionally, oxidative stress and inflammation contribute to tissue damage, thereby reducing the life expectancy of individuals with diabetes.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this study was to identify early molecular markers associated with cardiorenal syndrome, oxidative stress, and inflammation, and to investigate their correlation with the duration of exposure to DM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An experimental DM model was employed using Wistar rats. The rats were divided into four groups: diabetic rats at 7 days (DM7), diabetic rats at 30 days (DM30), control sham at 7 days (CS7), and control sham at 30 days (CS30). Blood and brain tissue from the brainstem region were collected at 7 and 30 days after confirming DM induction. Gene expression analysis of <i>Bnp, Anp, Cat, Gpx, Sod, Tnf-α, and Il-6</i> was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis revealed lower expression values of <i>Cat</i> in the brainstem tissue of the DM7 group compared to the NDS7 group. Moreover, diabetic animals exhibited statistically lower levels of <i>Tnf-α</i> in their peripheral blood compared to the control animals.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study concluded that DM alters the oxidative balance in the brainstem after 7 days of DM induction, resulting in lower Cat expression levels. Although some genes did not show statistical differences after 30 days of DM induction, other genes exhibited no expression values, indicating possible gene silencing. The study identified an imbalance in the studied pathways and concluded that the organism undergoes a compensatory state in response to the initial metabolic alterations caused by DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e200624231125"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141442221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}