Roopa Satyanarayan Basutkar, Rasheal Maria Cutinha, Varshini Sathish, Aboobacker Shahil, Najad Saneen Ck
{"title":"Impact of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Renal Function in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Undergoing Percutaneous Intervention: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Roopa Satyanarayan Basutkar, Rasheal Maria Cutinha, Varshini Sathish, Aboobacker Shahil, Najad Saneen Ck","doi":"10.2174/0115733998301228240625065230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733998301228240625065230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Contrast agents directly cause kidney toxicity in patients undergoing Percutaneous Intervention for cardiovascular disease with Type 2 diabetes. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the effects of SGLT2-i on renal function in individuals undergoing Percutaneous Intervention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The databases used for the search included PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar. We considered Randomized controlled trials and observational studies published from January 2013 to August 2023. The eligibility to include the studies was assessed independently. The Cochrane modified data extraction form, and Joanna Briggs Institute was used. The Cochrane risk of bias tool and Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale were used to assess the quality of the studies. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using GradePro software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The pooled estimate showed a substantial reduction in serum creatinine levels at 48- and 72-hours post-PCI who received SGLT2i (MD -9.57; 95% CI -18.36, -0.78; p-value 0.03) and (MD -14.40; 95% CI -28.57, -0.22; p-value 0.05). There was a decrease in the incidence of the CI-AKI among SGT2i users (RR: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.32, 0.67; p value< 0.0001). There was no significant difference in the number of patients requiring hemodialysis, but a smaller number of patients required hemodialysis among the SGLT2i users (RR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.19, 4.07; p-value = 0.87).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The use of SGLT2i confers substantial beneficial effects on kidney function and reduction of incidence of Contrast-induced acute kidney injury among patients undergoing PCI procedures for cardiovascular disease with diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141497370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correlation between Serum 25 (OH) D Levels with Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease - A Retrospective Study based on Chinese Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.","authors":"Xin Zhao, Jianbin Sun, Sixu Xin, Xiumei Xu, Xiaomei Zhang","doi":"10.2174/0115733998297640240611065605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733998297640240611065605","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and insulin resistance, as well as metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) patients.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on 491 T2DM patients who were newly diagnosed between January 2017 and August 2022 at Peking University International Hospital. These patients were categorized into three groups based on their 25(OH)D levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of MAFLD was significantly elevated in both the Vitamin D(VD) deficiency group and the VD insufficiency group compared to the VD sufficiency group (χ2 = 6.51, p<0.05). The patients in the VD sufficiency group had lower levels of insulin resistance,as assessed by the homeostasis model assessment when compared to the VD deficiency group and the VD insufficiency group (F = 8.61,p < 0.05). Additionally, the VD sufficiency group demonstrated higher levels of β cell function in comparison to the other two groups(p<0.05, respectively). (2) A significant negative correlation was observed between 25(OH)D levels and insulin resistance, as assessed by the homeostasis model assessment in T2DM patients(r=-0.33,p<0.05 for females; r=-0.32,p<0.05 for males). (3) In male patients, 25(OH)D was identified as a protective factor against MAFLD(OR = 0.42;95%CI:0.19-0.95;p<0.05). Meanwhile,in female patients, 25(OH)D was also associated with a reduced risk of MAFLD(OR = 0.35;95%CI 0.17-0.89;p<0.05). Additionally, the study determined that the threshold values for 25(OH)D were 15.06 ng/ml in female patients and 18.79 ng/ml in male patients for predicting MAFLD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In newly diagnosed with T2DM patients, the level of 25(OH)D may be related to insulin resistance and β cell secretion function independently and VD deficiency is an independent risk factor for MAFLD in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM.</p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141491176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Therapeutic Potential of Plant-Based α-Amylase Inhibitors for Hyperglycemic Control in Diabetes.","authors":"Amritpal Kaur, Shareen Singh, Somdutt Mujwar, Thakur Gurjeet Singh","doi":"10.2174/0115733998304373240611110224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733998304373240611110224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetes mellitus (DM), arising from pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and disrupted alpha-amylase secretion, manifests as hyperglycemia. Synthetic inhibitors of alphaamylase like acarbose manage glucose but pose adverse effects, prompting interest in plantderived alternatives rich in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory properties.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The current review investigates plant-based alpha-amylase inhibitors, exploring their potential therapeutic roles in managing DM. Focusing on their ability to modulate postprandial hyperglycemia by regulating alpha-amylase secretion, it assesses their efficacy, health benefits, and implications for diabetes treatment.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This review examines plant-derived alpha-amylase inhibitors as prospective diabetic mellitus treatments using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Plant-derived inhibitors, including A. deliciosa, B. egyptiaca, and N. nucifera, exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, effectively reducing alpha-amylase levels in diabetic conditions. Such alpha-amylase inhibitors showed promising alternative treatment in managing diabetes with reduced adverse effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current literature concludes that plant-derived alpha-amylase inhibitors present viable therapeutic avenues for diabetes management by modulating alpha-amylase secretion by regulating inflammatory, oxidative stress, and apoptotic mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Further investigation into their formulations and clinical efficacy may reveal their more comprehensive diabetes therapeutic significance, emphasizing their potential impact on glucose regulation and overall health.</p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141491177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Malak S Alharbi, Waleed I Albalawi, Faisal F Jumah, Abdulrhman M Al-Qarni, Meshari S Alashjaee, Ahmed Aljabri, Mohammed M H Al-Gayyar
{"title":"The Effect of a Vegan Diet on the Health Indicators and Outcomes of P atients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.","authors":"Malak S Alharbi, Waleed I Albalawi, Faisal F Jumah, Abdulrhman M Al-Qarni, Meshari S Alashjaee, Ahmed Aljabri, Mohammed M H Al-Gayyar","doi":"10.2174/0115733998313114240611102335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733998313114240611102335","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction/objectives: </strong>Recently, there has been a notable increase in interest in various forms of vegetarianism, which may be due to the growing prevalence of health issues, such as Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Adhering to a vegan diet may have positive health outcomes. As a result, we conducted a review article to gather data from previous research studies on the effects of a vegan diet on different aspects of managing patients with T2DM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched the PubMed website for research studies on how a vegan diet affects the outcomes of patients with T2DM. The research studies were categorized according to the type of data collected, such as prevalence, incidence, body weight, insulin resistance, glycemic control, and lipid profile.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was found that following a vegetarian diet can significantly reduce the risk of mortality from heart disease. Additionally, studies have demonstrated that a vegetarian diet is linked to several improvements in T2DM. However, long-term weight loss plans and managing T2DM is a comprehensive intervention that includes caloric restriction, exercise, and behavioral modification.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Incorporating a vegan diet can be a valuable factor to consider in managing T2DM, as it can offer numerous benefits, such as increased insulin sensitivity, weight loss, and reduced blood sugar levels. It helps to reduce cholesterol levels, LDL, and triglyceride levels, which are all risk factors associated with T2DM. By reducing these risk factors, the vegan diet can improve the overall health of T2DM patients. </p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141491178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Overview on Diabetic Neuropathy.","authors":"Ujjawal Singh, Ramsha Sharma, Ranjeet Kumar","doi":"10.2174/0115733998295741240606104106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733998295741240606104106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The term \"Diabetic neuropathy\" refers to a collection of clinical and subclinical symptoms caused by problems with the peripheral nervous system. Diabetes, which affects approximately 381 million people worldwide, is the source of dysfunction due to the emergence of microvascular complications. It is anticipated that in the next ten years, Diabetic neuropathy will manifest in about 50% of patients who are currently diagnosed with diabetes. Clinical diagnosis can be established by getting a thorough patient history and exploring the symptoms to rule out alternative causes. Although distal symmetrical polyneuropathy, or just, is the most common and well-researched variant of the disorder, this review will concentrate on it. The multifactorial pathogenesis is linked to various inflammatory, vascular, metabolic, and neurodegenerative illnesses. The three fundamental molecular alterations that lead to the development of diabetic neuropathic pain are oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and chronic inflammation. These three elements are crucial in the development of polyneuropathy because their combination might result in direct axonal damage and nerve ischemia. The purpose of this article was to provide a narrative review of diabetic neuropathy. We provide an overview of the most recent data on biomarkers, the pathogenesis of the illness, the most recent epidemiology of diabetic neuropathy, and the existing screening and diagnosis outcome measures used in both clinical and research contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141449941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Updated Review on Diabetic Nephropathy: Potential Mechanisms, Biomarkers, Therapeutic Targets and Interventional Therapies.","authors":"Rama Rao Nadendla, Khairunnisa K, Namra Aziz, Chandana Pyne, Uttam Prasad Panigrahy, Pranay Wal, Mrunalini Harish Kulkarni, Azhar Rasheed","doi":"10.2174/0115733998291920240611063402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733998291920240611063402","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetic nephropathy (DN), the primary risk factor for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) that requires dialysis or renal transplantation, affects up to 50% of individuals with diabetes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this article, potential mechanisms, biomarkers, and possible therapeutic targets will be discussed, as well as their interventional therapies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature review was done from databases like Google Scholar, PUBMEDMEDLINE, and Scopus using standard keywords \"Diabetic Nephropathy,\" \"Biomarkers,\" \"Pathophysiology,\" \"Cellular Mechanism,\" \"Cell Therapy,\" \"Treatment Therapies\" from 2010- 2023. It has been studied that metabolic as well as hemodynamic pathways resulting from hyperglycemia act as mediators for renal disease.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 270 articles, of which 210 were reviewed in full-text and 90 met the inclusion criteria. Every therapy regimen for the prevention and treatment of DN must include the blocking of ANG-II action. By reducing inflammatory and fibrotic markers brought on by hyperglycemia, an innovative approach to halting the progression of diabetic mellitus (DN) involves combining sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers. When compared to taking either medicine alone, this method works better. AGEs, protein kinase C (PKC), and the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) are among the components that are inhibited in DN management strategies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Thus, it can be concluded that the multifactorial condition of DN needs to be treated at an early stage. Novel therapies with a combination of cell therapies and diet management are proven to be effective in the management of DN.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141449942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D S Pushparani, J Varalakshmi, K Roobini, P Hamshapriya, A Livitha
{"title":"Diabetic Retinopathy-A Review.","authors":"D S Pushparani, J Varalakshmi, K Roobini, P Hamshapriya, A Livitha","doi":"10.2174/0115733998296228240521151050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733998296228240521151050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic Retinopathy is a vascular microvascular disease also called diabetic eye disease caused by microangiopathy leading to progressive damage of the retina and blindness. The uncontrolled blood glycemic level or sugar level results in diabetic retinopathy. There are two stages of diabetic retinopathy: proliferative diabetic retinopathy and nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy. Symptoms of diabetic retinopathy often have no early warning signs, even muscular edema, which can cause rapid vision loss. Macular edema in which the blood vessels leak can also occur at any stage of diabetic retinopathy. Symptoms are darkened or distorted images and blurred vision that are not the same in both eyes. This review study primarily discusses the pathophysiology, genetics, and ALR, AGEs, VEGF, EPO, and eNOS involved in diabetic retinopathy. The longer a person has diabetes, the higher their risk of developing some ocular problems. During pregnancy, diabetic retinopathy may also be a problem for women with diabetes. NIH are recommends that all pregnant women with diabetes have an overall eye examination. Diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy is made during an eye examination that comprises ophthalmoscopy or fundus photography, and glow-in angiography for Fundus. Here, we present a review of the current insights into pathophysiology in diabetic retinopathy, as well as clinical treatments for diabetic retinopathy patients. Novel laboratory findings and related clinical trials are also analysed.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141237391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comorbidity of Depression and Diabetes: A Literature Review on Systemic Flaws in Healthcare and the Benefits of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment in Primary Care Settings.","authors":"Pranay Wal, Pankaj Kumar, Harsh Bhardwaj, Komal Sharma, Arpan Kumar Tripathi, Arpit Gupta, Ankita Wal, Mukesh Chandra Sharma","doi":"10.2174/0115733998288090240509105717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733998288090240509105717","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The increasing specialization and dispersion of healthcare systems have led to a shortage of resources to address comorbidities. Patients with coexisting mental and physical conditions are disadvantaged, as medical providers often only focus on the patient's mental illness while neglecting their physical needs, resulting in poorer health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to shed light on the systemic flaws in healthcare systems that contribute to suboptimal health outcomes in individuals with comorbid diseases, including depression and diabetes. This paper also discusses the clinical and economic benefits of collaborative methods for diagnosing and treating depressive disorders in primary care settings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature review of the relationship between depression and diabetes was conducted. The outcomes of the literature review were carefully analyzed. Several databases were searched using keywords such as \"diabetes,\" \"depression,\" \"comorbidity,\" \"prevalence,\" \"epidemiology,\" and \"risk factors\" using Google Scholar and PubMed as search engines. The review and research papers written between 1961 and 2023 were our main focus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study revealed improved depressive symptoms and better blood sugar and blood pressure control. Additionally, individuals with comorbid depression and diabetes have higher direct and secondary medical costs. Antidepressants and psychological interventions are equally effective in treating depressive symptoms in patients with diabetes, although they have conflicting effects on glycemic control. For individuals with comorbid diabetes and depression, clear care pathways, including a multidisciplinary team, are essential for achieving the best medical and mental health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Coordinated healthcare solutions are necessary to reduce the burden of illness and improve therapeutic outcomes. Numerous pathophysiological mechanisms interact with one another and may support the comorbidities of T2DM, and depressive disorders could exacerbate the course of both diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141154787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessment for Diabetic Neuropathy: Treatment and Neurobiological Perspective.","authors":"Bhanupriya Bhrigu, Shikha Sharma, Nitin Kumar, Bimal Krishna Banik","doi":"10.2174/0115733998290606240521113832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733998290606240521113832","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic neuropathy, also known as diabetic peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy (DPN), is a consequential complexity of diabetes, alongside diabetic nephropathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and diabetic retinopathy. It is characterized by signs and symptoms of peripheral nerve damage in diabetes patients after ruling out other causes. Approximately 20% of people with diabetes are affected by this painful and severe condition. The development of diabetic neuropathy is influenced by factors such as impaired blood flow to the peripheral nerves and metabolic issues, including increased polyol pathway activation, myo-inositol loss, and nonenzymatic glycation. The present review article provides a brief overview of the pathological changes in diabetic neuropathy and the mechanisms and types of DPN. Various diagnostic tests and biomarkers are available to assess nerve damage and its severity. Pharmacotherapy for neuropathic pain in diabetic neuropathy is complex. This review will explore current treatment options and potential future developments to improve the quality of life for patients suffering from diabetic neuropathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141154785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deciphering Diabetic Foot Wounds: A Comprehensive Review on Classification, Multidrug Resistance, Microbial Insights, Management & Treatment Strategies, and Advanced Diagnostic Tools.","authors":"Susan Silvia N, Mahalakshmi Velrajan","doi":"10.2174/0115733998287694240514110935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115733998287694240514110935","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic foot wounds and infections pose a significant and evolving challenge in diabetes care. Diabetic wound healing has become a major global concern for a very long time. Continuous research has been conducted to increase the healing process in diabetic ulcers to the rate of amputation. Wound healing is prolonged in diabetic patients due to various conditions, such as high glucose levels, neuropathy, poor blood circulation, and prolonged inflammation around the limbs, which causes the healing to be delayed compared to normal patients. Understanding the complexity of chronic foot wounds and the management and proper treatment would lead to a decrease in the risk of amputation. The medical team all over the world is constantly researching to lower the risk. This review paper offers a compelling journey through the multifaceted world of diabetic foot wounds and infections. It underscores the urgency of understanding classification, tackling multidrug resistance, and harnessing microbial insights to revolutionize the treatment and management of diabetic foot complications. Furthermore, it unveils state-of-the-art diagnostics, heralding a brighter future in the battle against this debilitating complication of diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10825,"journal":{"name":"Current diabetes reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141154789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}