Cryogenics最新文献_第6页

Design, construction and testing of the prototype cryogenic circulation centrifugal pump for the high energy photon source 高能光子源低温循环离心泵原型的设计、建造和测试

IF 1.8 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103900

Ruixiong Han , Xiangzhen Zhang , Rui Ge , Haipeng Geng , Hao Xu , Hao Lin , Yongcheng Jiang , Jiehao Zhang , Minjing Sang , Tongxian Zhao , Zhuo Zhang , Changcheng Ma , Rui Ye , Xiaochen Yang , Zhengze Chang , Mei Li , Miaofu Xu , Liangrui Sun , Keyu Zhu , Shaopeng Li

{"title":"Design, construction and testing of the prototype cryogenic circulation centrifugal pump for the high energy photon source","authors":"Ruixiong Han , Xiangzhen Zhang , Rui Ge , Haipeng Geng , Hao Xu , Hao Lin , Yongcheng Jiang , Jiehao Zhang , Minjing Sang , Tongxian Zhao , Zhuo Zhang , Changcheng Ma , Rui Ye , Xiaochen Yang , Zhengze Chang , Mei Li , Miaofu Xu , Liangrui Sun , Keyu Zhu , Shaopeng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103900","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103900","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A cryogenic circulation pump (CCP) with the small flow rate and low heat leakage, which is thekeyequipment of the cooling system for the cryogenic permanent magnet undulator (CPMU)and synchrotron monochromator in High Energy Photon Source(HEPS), is developed according to the design parameters and operation experiences. The mechanic structure of the CCP including a motor at room temperature, an impeller and a volute in the cryogenic environment is designed, and numerical simulation on the rotating shaft and internal flows are performed to predict the mechanical and hydrodynamic performances of the pump. Meanwhile, the experimental investigation of the CCP is carried out in the liquid nitrogen (LN<sub>2</sub>) cryogenic system, and the hydrodynamic performances of the CCP are verified experimentally. The results are shown that the calculated performances of the CCP are in reasonable agreement with the experimental results, which indicates that the numerical calculation model of the CCP is more effective. Moreover, the deviations of pressure drop and efficiency between the calculation and measurement are analyzed in this paper.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141840944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental study on the dynamics of a liquid nitrogen droplet impacting a surface under Leidenfrost conditions 莱顿弗罗斯特条件下液氮液滴撞击表面的动力学实验研究

IF 1.8 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103909

Qingshuo Miao , Xiufang Liu , Jiajun Chen , Yanan Li , Fuhao Zhong , Mian Zheng , Yu Hou

{"title":"Experimental study on the dynamics of a liquid nitrogen droplet impacting a surface under Leidenfrost conditions","authors":"Qingshuo Miao , Xiufang Liu , Jiajun Chen , Yanan Li , Fuhao Zhong , Mian Zheng , Yu Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103909","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103909","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Liquid nitrogen droplet impacting a superheated surface is a fundamental phenomenon of liquid nitrogen spray cooling, whereas the mechanisms behind which are still unclear. We designed and developed a visual experimental system to investigate the dynamics of a liquid nitrogen droplet impacting a superheated surface under cryogenic conditions. The impact dynamics of the liquid nitrogen droplet at the Leidenfrost state are captured, and the effects of Weber number (<em>We</em>) and surface temperature on the spreading and rebound characteristics of the droplet are analyzed. The findings show that the droplet exhibits spreading, retraction and rebound at a low <em>We</em>. Droplet spreading and rebound characteristics are mainly affected by <em>We</em> while insensitive to surface temperature. The maximum spreading coefficient exhibits a power-law increase with <em>We</em>, while the maximum rebound coefficient shows an upward and then downward trend with <em>We</em>. The dimensionless maximum spreading time, dimensionless residence time, and dimensionless maximum rebound time show power-law increase with <em>We</em>. Corresponding fitting correlations for these factors for liquid nitrogen droplets are also proposed. This study contributes to an in-depth understanding of the impact dynamics of cryogenic liquid droplet under cryogenic conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141840627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental investigation of the structure effects on the energy recovery and jet impinging process in a fast cooling Joule-Thomson cryocooler 对快速冷却焦耳-汤姆逊低温冷却器中能量回收和射流冲击过程的结构影响的实验研究

IF 1.8 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103902

Xing Xiao , Qianqian Mu , Xiaoyong Li , Jiaxin Hou , Taihe Huang , Jianye Chen , Xiaoqing Zhang

{"title":"Experimental investigation of the structure effects on the energy recovery and jet impinging process in a fast cooling Joule-Thomson cryocooler","authors":"Xing Xiao , Qianqian Mu , Xiaoyong Li , Jiaxin Hou , Taihe Huang , Jianye Chen , Xiaoqing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103902","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103902","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Compared to other Joule-Thomson (J-T) refrigeration systems, open-cycle miniature J-T cryocoolers offer exceptional rapid cooling capabilities, making them ideal for applications such as infrared guidance in missiles. The energy recovery in the heat exchanger enables the refrigerant reach saturation temperature quickly and improve the jet liquefaction rate. The heat transfer intensity of the impinging jet determines the cooling rate of the target. Hence, heat recovery and the impact jet process are the primary factors behind this rapid cooling, with distinct roles that require separate consideration. The structural differences will directly affect the energy recovery and jet impact process. To investigate these affects, an experimental system for rapid cooling J-T cryocoolers was established and three distinct cryocoolers with substantial structural variations were designed. The important structures, including jet height, orifice diameter, enhanced heat transfer treatment of the cold plate, heat exchanger height, and heat exchanger cone angle, were closely studied. In the range of our experiments, it was found that larger heat exchanger cone angle leading better energy recovery performance, while the length of the heat exchanger is limited by the type of refrigerant. Longer heat exchanger actually introduce too much thermal mass for the refrigerant with better energy recovery performance. In the aspect of jet impingement, enhanced heat transfer treatment and larger jet height will improve the jet heat transfer intensity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141848095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Parameters of the cryogenic mechanical thermal switch with temperature range 15–300 K for magnetic refrigerators 温度范围为 15-300 K 的磁制冷器低温机械热敏开关参数

IF 1.8 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103899

K.A. Kolesov , A.S. Skorniakov , V.V. Koledov , V.G. Shavrov , A.M. Aliev , A.G. Gamzatov , L.N. Khanov , A.V. Mashirov

引用次数: 0

Characterizing 1550 nm optical components down to 8 K 对波长 1550 nm 低至 8 K 的光学元件进行鉴定

IF 1.8 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103895

Tim J. Kuhlbusch , Morgane Zeoli , Robert Joppe , Christophe Collette , Thomas Hebbeker , Joris V. van Heijningen , Achim Stahl

{"title":"Characterizing 1550 nm optical components down to 8 K","authors":"Tim J. Kuhlbusch , Morgane Zeoli , Robert Joppe , Christophe Collette , Thomas Hebbeker , Joris V. van Heijningen , Achim Stahl","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103895","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103895","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Thermal noise sources are relevant for future gravitational wave detectors due to the foreseen increase in sensitivity, especially at frequencies below <figure><img></figure>. As most thermal noise sources scale with the square root of the temperature, cooling critical optical components and their suspension system is essential. This also requires a much wider range of temperature compatibility from all technology deployed in the last suspension stages, including displacement and inertial sensors. We demonstrate and characterize a setup for stable light sources and light intensity sensing for temperatures from 300 to <figure><img></figure>. Commercial collimators and fibers were tested to use light from stabilized laser sources in the cryogenic environment. We also investigated multiple semiconductor compositions of photodiodes and identified a solution with high and stable responsivity at <figure><img></figure>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0011227524001152/pdfft?md5=c53977020f08d270e33d0ef52c233586&pid=1-s2.0-S0011227524001152-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141951287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study on the high-frequency conversion characteristics of quench and recovery states under thermal modulation of a superconducting flux transformation amplifier 超导磁通变换放大器热调制下淬火和恢复状态的高频转换特性研究

IF 1.8 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103896

Guilong Li, Qiaochu Ding, Shiyi Zhang, Qingfa Du, Mengchun Pan, Peisen Li, Junping Peng, Weicheng Qiu, Jiafei Hu, Yueguo Hu

{"title":"Study on the high-frequency conversion characteristics of quench and recovery states under thermal modulation of a superconducting flux transformation amplifier","authors":"Guilong Li, Qiaochu Ding, Shiyi Zhang, Qingfa Du, Mengchun Pan, Peisen Li, Junping Peng, Weicheng Qiu, Jiafei Hu, Yueguo Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103896","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103896","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To tackle the challenge posed by 1/f noise which significantly hinders the practical application of superconductor/tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) composite magnetic sensors in low-frequency detection, this paper proposes a magnetic field thermal modulation method specifically tailored for the superconductor/TMR composite sensor. The method employs alternating joule heating via a resistance wire to induce partial quenching and recovery states conversion in the superconducting flux transformation amplifier (SFTA). Firstly, a thermo-electric–magnetic comprehensive finite element simulation model was developed to obtain the temperature and magnetic field distributions during the quenching and recovery state conversion process, and then to realize the size optimization of the thermal modulated structure. Final experimental tests conducted in the liquid nitrogen environment demonstrated a high modulation frequency of 5 kHz was achieved. Meanwhile, the interlayer capacitor-coupling effect was introduced to explain the phenomenon of resistance deviation from zero for the thermal modulated superconducting constriction under the higher modulation frequency. The breakthrough in this article holds promise for the low-frequency application of superconductor/TMR composite sensors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141636975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study on a flexible rod-type valved linear compressor without piston offset 关于无活塞偏移的柔性杆式气阀线性压缩机的研究

IF 1.8 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103887

Zhixu Chen , Jianying Hu , Limin Zhang , Zhanghua Wu , Yanyan Chen , Yanlei Sun , Baifeng An , Ercang Luo

{"title":"Study on a flexible rod-type valved linear compressor without piston offset","authors":"Zhixu Chen , Jianying Hu , Limin Zhang , Zhanghua Wu , Yanyan Chen , Yanlei Sun , Baifeng An , Ercang Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103887","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Over the past few decades, research has been increasing on valved linear compressors in cryogenics and refrigeration. To guarantee the high performance of the compressor, the piston needs to move at the designed maximum stroke. However, most of the compressors suffer from piston offset. Due to the reduction of stroke, the piston offset greatly deteriorates the compressor's performance. To solve this problem, a valved linear compressor with a flexible rod connecting dual pistons is proposed to eliminate the offset. The flexible rod is characterized by large axial stiffness and small radial stiffness. The large axial stiffness ensures that the two pistons move simultaneously. It counteracts the average differential pressure force on the dual pistons. The small radial stiffness allows frictionless movement of the dual pistons in the dual cylinders with slight non-coaxial deformation. A prototype was designed numerically and verified experimentally. In a none-flexible-rod compressor, the piston stroke can only travel up to 60% of its design value because of the offset. On the contrary, the flexible rod-type compressor can perform without piston offset.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141480441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Helium screw compressor for 5tpd large-scale hydrogen liquefier 用于日产 5 吨大型氢气液化装置的氦气螺杆压缩机

IF 1.8 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103890

Zhongjun Hu , Jingyu Li , Hailong Tan

{"title":"Helium screw compressor for 5tpd large-scale hydrogen liquefier","authors":"Zhongjun Hu , Jingyu Li , Hailong Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103890","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Liquid hydrogen has promising applications in various industries. As an important heart role, compressors are essential for efficient hydrogen liquefaction. This study introduced a novel profile screw compressor employed in large-scale hydrogen liquefaction processes. The development addressed the challenges associated with large-scale rotors, high pressure differences, and demanding capacity or torque requirements. By utilizing a 5/7-lobe combination of male to female rotors, this technology effectively tackled issues related to rotor dynamics, such as heavy-load rotor stiffness and dynamic balance. The profile design followed hydrodynamics principles, reducing viscosity loss and oil–gas flow loss at high speeds, large flow rates, and significant pressure differences. The profile curve’s curvature and geometric configuration were tailored to the specific pressure state during compression. In high-pressure areas, the profile remained relatively flat to maintain machining accuracy. While in low-pressure areas, the curvature was increased, and the meshing clearance was reduced to minimize helium leakage. Experimental tests conducted under conditions similar to actual hydrogen liquefaction processes have successfully validated the theoretical profile design and the newly developed multi-point oil injection cooling technologies. These advancements have led to an impressive isothermal efficiency of 58.1 % for the entire screw set. Furthermore, the stability and reliability of the compressor were verified through noise and vibration signal testing. The results demonstrated that the compressor operated with noise levels below 96 dB (A) and vibration levels below 7 mm/s, further ensured its suitability for large-scale cryogenic applications. These compressors have successfully run stably on the 5.17 tpd (ton per day) hydrogen liquefier. Overall, this research would significantly contribute to the advancement of screw compressors and large-scale cryogenic technology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141480443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Damping characteristics of High-Temperature superconducting pinning maglev levitation system 高温超导销钉式磁悬浮系统的阻尼特性

IF 1.8 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103892

Xucheng Zhou , Yi Luo , Yuchen He , Can Peng , Peiyang Zeng , Yan Li , Zigang Deng

{"title":"Damping characteristics of High-Temperature superconducting pinning maglev levitation system","authors":"Xucheng Zhou , Yi Luo , Yuchen He , Can Peng , Peiyang Zeng , Yan Li , Zigang Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103892","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High-temperature superconducting (HTS) pinning maglev has achieved rapid development in recent decades. The levitation system of the HTS pinning maglev is mainly composed of Dewar with built-in HTS bulks and permanent magnet guideway (PMG). For a maglev transportation system, damping is important for vibration attenuation, and the inherent damping characteristics of the HTS pinning maglev system have not been evaluated clearly. In this paper, the damping characteristics of the HTS pinning maglev system are analyzed through experiments and simulations. Experiments are conducted to measure the dynamic responses of the system under free and forced vibrations. The logarithmic envelope method is used to evaluate the system damping under free vibration. The cross-correlation function is utilized to obtain the phase difference between the system vibration signal and excitation signal, and then calculate the system damping under forced vibration conditions. In addition, a two-dimensional finite element model including HTS bulks, PMG, and Dewar conductive shells is established to evaluate the damping force generated by each component during system vibrations. The additional eddy current damping of the conductive Dewar shell is considered and analyzed. Finally, from the perspective of system damping and thermal stability of HTS bulks, suggestions for selecting Dewar shell materials are proposed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141543557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design of direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous motor for cryogenic valve 低温阀门直驱永磁同步电机的设计

IF 1.8 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103894

Zhe Zhao , Yongguang Liu , Xiaohui Gao , Saisai Tong

引用次数: 0