Cryogenics最新文献

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Cryogenic cooling and fuel cell hybrid system for HTS maglev trains Employing liquid hydrogen”. [Cryogenics 149 (2025) 104109]","authors":"Jeongmin Mun , Changyoung Lee , Seokho Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104163","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 104163"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144841474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical simulation of damage in single-lap and bridge joints of superconducting tapes based on peridynamics","authors":"Jianbing Wu ,&nbsp;Huadong Yong ,&nbsp;Benzhe Zhou ,&nbsp;Jianhua Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to the limitations of the manufacturing process, the maximum length of REBCO tapes is often limited. REBCO tapes need to be connected to achieve the necessary length for the requirements of superconducting magnets. As a crucial connection element, superconducting joint plays an indispensable role in the construction of superconducting devices. However, it is worth noting that the welded joints often become the weak points of the structure, prone to damage or fracture under external loads. Given the significant advantages of the peridynamic method in handling discontinuities and fracture problems, especially its high accuracy in simulating the complex process of crack initiation and propagation, we have adopted this method to conduct in-depth research on the damage behavior of single-lap joints of REBCO tapes under mechanical loads such as tension, bending. Due to the remarkable dimensional differences of REBCO tape, 3D model of single-lap joint may lead to a large computational burden. In this paper, the peridynamic model of the laminate is used to model the REBCO tapes to improve the computational efficiency. Through this approach, the performance of single-lap and bridge joints in practical applications can be evaluated, providing valuable references for the design and manufacturing of superconducting devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 104159"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144826054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strain-Induced failure prediction in HTS Roebel strands and cables: a finite element study based on critical strain criterion","authors":"S Gijoy ,&nbsp;L.G. Lasithan ,&nbsp;Praveen Arjunan ,&nbsp;S. Rejin","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mechanical reliability of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) Roebel cables is critical for cryogenic power applications. This study presents a finite element framework to predict the onset of mechanical failure in the ReBCO superconducting layer, using a validated 0.45 % critical strain threshold. Simulations are performed at 77 K to evaluate the influence of axial and torsional loads on strain localization in both individual strands and full cable assemblies. The model identifies regions where external stress leads to microcrack initiation and irreversible critical current (I_c) degradation. A parametric study on strand number and transposition length reveals important design insights for improving the structural performance of HTS cables in superconducting machines and cryogenic magnet systems. The adopted methodology reliably predicts the onset of microcrack initiation and I_c degradation, providing a consistent criterion for assessing mechanical limits in HTS structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 104162"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144780591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic simulation of safety relief process under vacuum failure scenarios in large cryogenic system","authors":"Zheng Sun ,&nbsp;Xilong Wang ,&nbsp;Xu Shi ,&nbsp;Xinbo Dong ,&nbsp;Huikun Su ,&nbsp;Lei Xu ,&nbsp;Yaqiong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Large cryogenic systems are vital for large scale scientific and industrial facilities such as superconducting accelerators, fusion reactors and superconducting magnet systems. These systems operate at liquid helium or superfluid helium temperatures and contain large helium inventories, making them highly vulnerable to overpressure hazards during vacuum failure scenarios such as loss of insulation vacuum (LIV) and beam vacuum (LBV). An appropriately designed safety relief system is crucial for risk mitigation. Conventional safety device sizing approaches typically rely on conservative steady-state assumptions and overlook the dynamic nature of discharge processes, potentially leading to inappropriate valve selection and suboptimal system process design. To address this, a comprehensive dynamic simulation model of cryogenic safety relief processes was developed using EcosimPro software. The model includes detailed heat and mass transfer modelling of vacuum failure behaviour, cryogenic components modelling, and safety relief process modelling. The model was applied to a 2 K cryogenic system of Dalian Advanced Light Source (DALS) Test Facility project. Simulation results validated the existing safety configuration and demonstrated the necessity of dynamic analysis in ensuring the reliable and efficient design of safety relief systems. The methodology is broadly applicable to the design and optimization of cryogenic safety systems, offering high engineering value for future safety system designs and relief devices selection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 104160"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144780590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design, analysis, and multi-objective optimization of LNG cold energy cascade utilization CCHP system including ORC, cold storage, and data center cooling","authors":"Yang Ting ,&nbsp;Pan Zhen ,&nbsp;Lv Zhenbo ,&nbsp;Shang Liyan ,&nbsp;Yu Jingxian","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To effectively recover LNG cold energy and waste heat from flue gas, a novel LNG cold energy cascade utilization system was constructed using Aspen HYSYS software. The system consists of a triple-stage ORC power generation system, a cold storage system, and a data centre cooling system. The performance of the proposed system was evaluated in detail through thermodynamic and economic analyses. The effects of several key parameters on system performance were studied, and the system’s performance was optimized using the Multi-Objective Sunflower Optimization (MOSFO) and the Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II). After investigating the suggested system’s ideal performance, it was shown that MOSFO performs better than NSGA-II. According to the findings, the suggested system has a net power production of 1781.87 kW under beginning conditions, a payback period of 2.16 years, a total investment cost of 4,630,135.92 $, a thermal efficiency of 53.08 %, and an exergy efficiency of 30.14 %. Following optimization, the payback period was shortened by 0.05 years and the exergy efficiency rose by 1.83 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 104152"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144780589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of sample thickness on the trapped field in single-domain REBa2Cu3O7-δ bulk superconductors","authors":"Kuerban Wujiamuniyazi,&nbsp;Huihan Yang,&nbsp;Abulizi Abulaiti","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Investigating the trapped field (<em>B_tr</em>) of single-domain <em>RE</em>Ba₂Cu₃O_7-δ (<em>RE</em>BCO, <em>RE</em> is Rare Earth Elements) superconducting bulk materials is crucial for enhancing their performance, as well as advancing their practical applications. This study constructs a comprehensive physical model, considering key parameters including the critical current density of superconducting bulks, their diameter and thickness, as well as the observation height. A mathematical model for calculating the trapped field of <em>RE</em>BCO bulks has been developed based on the Biot-Savart law and the Finite Element Method, and simulated using Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB) software. In this study, the critical current density of the <em>RE</em>BCO bulk superconductor was set to 31,150 A/cm², with a fixed diameter of 20 mm and thickness varying from 2 mm to 40 mm. The trapped field was numerically simulated at a position 0.5 mm above the surface of the bulk superconductor. The results show that the <em>B_tr</em> increases with thickness and saturates when the thickness reaches approximately 30 mm—thickness-to-diameter ratio is approximately 1.5. This study serves as a reference for the preparation of high-quality <em>RE</em>BCO bulk superconducting samples and provides novel insights into trapped magnetic field research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 104157"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144767086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DC and quench performance assessment from the EUROfusion HTS Quench Experiment campaign and projection to magnet operation","authors":"A. Zappatore ,&nbsp;H. Bajas ,&nbsp;N. Bykovskiy ,&nbsp;P. Bruzzone ,&nbsp;G. Celentano ,&nbsp;G. Colombo ,&nbsp;J. Greenwood ,&nbsp;A. Masi ,&nbsp;K. Sedlak ,&nbsp;D. Uglietti ,&nbsp;V. Corato","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seven different high current conductors for fusion applications, made of High Temperature Superconducting stacked tapes, have been successfully tested in the Quench Experiment campaign supported by EUROfusion and carried out in SULTAN. The aim of this extensive experimental campaign is to explore the quench initiation and propagation in different conditions as well as different conductor design. The measurements show that there is a common behaviour to all layouts, i.e., the DC performance of such conductors have degraded after the quench test campaign, and more systematic DC experiments showed that it is likely that a temperature peak beyond 150 K on the stack may lead to the degradation. These results are analyzed and discussed in the present work. This allowed identifying a reference threshold for the safe operation in a real magnet. Through a simple analytical model, based on the assumption of adiabatic quench propagation, the projection to the expected performance in the magnet configuration is carried out, focusing on the maximum hotspot temperature reached, depending on the layout. It is shown that conductors with a larger effective heat capacity, although having a smaller quench propagation velocity, end up having lower hotspot temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 104158"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144771086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Qualification of a 90 K high-capacity cryocooler for cryo fluid management","authors":"Kenneth J. Cragin,&nbsp;Adam L. Niblick,&nbsp;Mark V. Zagarola","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Creare recently completed integration, qualification testing, and delivery of a high-capacity turbo-Brayton cooler designed to meet NASA’s needs for long-duration storage of liquid oxygen and methane in space. High capacity is defined as providing over 100 W of refrigeration at 90 K for the purposes of this paper. Zero-boil-off storage of these propellants is a key enabling technology for several NASA missions. Due to the size of the propellant tanks, an active refrigerator is required to intercept the heat loads, maintaining the cryogen temperature and eliminating boil-off. This cryocooler is a scaled-up version of the 20 W, 90 K cryocooler that Creare delivered to NASA in 2012 which was used in NASA’s initial ground demonstrations of reduced boil-off hydrogen storage and zero-boil-off oxygen storage. The cryocooler was integrated in a flight prototypical arrangement suitable for thermal performance and launch vibration testing and to support planned ground-based zero-boil-off demonstrations at NASA. The demonstrated refrigeration capacity is over 120 W of refrigeration at 90 K and over 200 W at 118 K, supporting a broad range of storage pressures for both liquid oxygen and liquid methane respectively. Launch vibration testing was also successfully completed on the integrated unit. This paper reviews the qualification test results for the cryocooler and presents specific power and specific mass estimates for a flight version of the cooler.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 104156"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144738915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of boiling heat transfer by T-shaped fins during rapid cooling in liquid nitrogen","authors":"Kohei Yuki,&nbsp;Fumiaki Matsuo,&nbsp;Kazuhisa Yuki","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid cooling via boiling in liquid nitrogen is widely used in high-temperature superconducting (HTS) applications, such as resistive-type superconducting fault current limiters. However, the cooling performance is degraded by film boiling, which results in a low heat transfer coefficient. This study proposes a T-shaped fin with low thermal conductivity to retain the coolant under film-boiling conditions and enhance boiling heat transfer. We examined the effect of the height of T-shaped fins (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mm) on cooling performance. The results show that the optimal height depends on the temperature of the heated surface. In the relatively low-temperature regime, the fin height had minimal effect on the cooling performance. However, at higher temperatures a 1.0-mm-height fin yielded the highest cooling performance. The 1.5-mm-height fin enabled the generated vapor to seamlessly penetrate the liquid retention space, reducing heat transfer efficiency. With the 0.5-mm-height fin, which is the smallest height, the cooling performance significantly decreased after a particular temperature of the heated surface, as vapor covers the entire surface of the fin, indicating that film boiling occurs even on the fin surface. On the other hand, in the case of resin fin having quite low thermal conductivity, the cooling performance is higher than that of metal fin under high temperature conditions. This indicates that boiling on the fin surface is suppressed and liquid retention effect can be maintained even in the high temperature regime. To improve both the fin effect and liquid retention effect, we also propose a two-stage T-shaped fin design. This approach aims to maintain coolant retention and suppress the steep decline in cooling performance under high-temperature conditions. The study’s findings offer practical guidance for optimizing T-shaped fin designs to enhance cooling performance in HTS applications, reduce liquid nitrogen consumption, and ensure reliable thermal management under varying temperature conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 104150"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144721277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of martensitic transformation on cryogenic thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity of S30408 austenitic stainless steel","authors":"Yi Gao ,&nbsp;Dahai Zheng ,&nbsp;Keming Li ,&nbsp;Bo Chang ,&nbsp;Jiachen Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104153","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Austenitic stainless steel S30408 is widely used in cryogenic equipment manufacturing due to its excellent cryogenic mechanical properties. However, the influence of martensitic transformation induced by plastic deformation and cryogenic environments during processing or service on its thermophysical properties remains unclear. In this study, room-temperature tensile deformation (0 %, 5 %, 12 %, 20 %, and 30 % plastic strains) and liquid nitrogen aging treatments were employed to induce varying martensite phase contents (0 %–36.6 %). The mechanisms of martensitic transformation on the cryogenic thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity of S30408 were systematically investigated. Using steady-state axial heat flow and relaxation calorimetry methods, the variations in thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity within the 20 K–300 K temperature range were measured. Results indicate that increased martensite content leads to a significant rise in lattice defects (slip bands, twins), enhanced electron–phonon scattering, and consequently, a marked reduction in both thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity. Within the 20 K–300 K temperature range, the thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity of samples with 30 % plastic deformation (36.6 % martensite content) decreased by an average of 27 % and 20 %, respectively, compared to undeformed samples. Further analysis revealed a linear negative correlation between thermophysical properties (thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity) and martensite content at specific temperatures (20 K, 77 K, 110 K, 300 K), with phase transformation exerting a more pronounced influence on thermophysical properties at the relatively higher temperature range within the low-temperature zone. This study elucidates the regulatory mechanism of martensitic transformation on the cryogenic thermophysical properties of austenitic stainless steel, providing critical data support for thermal performance design and service safety evaluation of cryogenic equipment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 104153"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144703978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}