Cryogenics最新文献_第4页

Study on ductile-to-brittle transition behavior and fracture mechanisms of Sn-based solder alloys under cryogenic impact loading 低温冲击载荷下sn基钎料合金韧脆转变行为及断裂机制研究

IF 2.1 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2025-08-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104173

Yuan Peng , Heng Zhang , Tiantian Tan , Zhiwei Fu , Xiaotong Guo

{"title":"Study on ductile-to-brittle transition behavior and fracture mechanisms of Sn-based solder alloys under cryogenic impact loading","authors":"Yuan Peng , Heng Zhang , Tiantian Tan , Zhiwei Fu , Xiaotong Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the advancement of deep-space exploration and aerospace electronic devices, the reliability of solder joints under extreme cryogenic environments has become a critical challenge. This study systematically investigates the impact properties and fracture behaviors of three typical solder alloys, Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC305), Sn-37Pb and Sn-90Pb, over a temperature range of −196 °C to 50 °C. Charpy impact tests combined with macro/micro-fractographic analysis reveal that: (1) SAC305 experiences a ductile-to-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) between 0 °C and 10 °C, exhibiting complete brittle fracture at −196 °C with characteristic cleavage facets resembling “rock-candy” morphology; (2) Sn-37Pb shows a DBTT between −50 °C and −25 °C, displaying mixed ductile–brittle fracture features with quasi-cleavage planes and tear ridges at cryogenic temperatures; (3) Sn-90Pb maintains ductile fracture even at −196 °C due to the plastic superiority of Pb-rich phases, with no significant temperature dependence of the microstructure. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that the cryogenic brittleness of Sn (bct structure) dominates the fracture behavior of SAC305 and Sn-37Pb, while the high Pb content (fcc structure) preserves the plastic deformation capability of Sn-90Pb under extreme low temperatures. This work provides crucial guidance for solder selection and anti-embrittlement design in deep-space electronic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 104173"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144841769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Performance characterization of a 20 K, High-Capacity cryocooler for Cryo Fluid Management 性能表征的20 K，高容量制冷机的低温流体管理

IF 2.1 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2025-08-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104165

Kenneth J. Cragin, Mark V. Zagarola

{"title":"Performance characterization of a 20 K, High-Capacity cryocooler for Cryo Fluid Management","authors":"Kenneth J. Cragin, Mark V. Zagarola","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Future NASA mission architectures for travel to and habitation of the Lunar and Martian surfaces will require the capability of zero-boil-off storage and liquefaction of hydrogen. To intercept the projected heat loads on the cryogen tanks or to liquefy, a high capacity cryocooler providing refrigeration at 20 K is required. In addition to the refrigeration requirements, high overall efficiency is required to remain within overall size and power constraints. Creare developed and recently demonstrated a high-capacity turbo-Brayton cryocooler to meet these requirements and to support future NASA mission initiatives. The cryocooler is a single-stage turbo-Brayton cryocooler designed to produce 20 W of refrigeration at 20 K and reject heat at 270–300 K. Thermodynamic characterization testing demonstrated up to 22.5 W of refrigeration at 22.7 K and up to 21.4 W of refrigeration at 20 K. The maximum cryocooler COP was 16 % of the Carnot cycle at a 285 K heat rejection temperature and the minimum specific power was 80 W/W. The cooling capacity and performance of this cryocooler are new benchmarks for 20 K cryocoolers for space. This paper reviews the thermodynamic performance characterization testing of the cryocooler.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 104165"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144828960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Investigation on a micro pulse tube cryocooler operating at 152 Hz 152 Hz微脉冲管制冷机的研究

IF 2.1 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2025-08-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104166

Geyang Li , Tianshi Feng , Menglin Liang , Qingjun Tang , Yuhong Zhang , Houlei Chen , Jia Quan

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Corrigendum to “Cryogenic cooling and fuel cell hybrid system for HTS maglev trains Employing liquid hydrogen”. [Cryogenics 149 (2025) 104109] “使用液氢的高温磁浮列车低温冷却和燃料电池混合系统”的勘误表。[低温学149 (2025)104109]

IF 2.1 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2025-08-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104163

Jeongmin Mun , Changyoung Lee , Seokho Kim

引用次数: 0

Numerical simulation of damage in single-lap and bridge joints of superconducting tapes based on peridynamics 基于周动力学的超导带单搭接和桥接损伤数值模拟

IF 2.1 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104159

Jianbing Wu , Huadong Yong , Benzhe Zhou , Jianhua Liu

{"title":"Numerical simulation of damage in single-lap and bridge joints of superconducting tapes based on peridynamics","authors":"Jianbing Wu , Huadong Yong , Benzhe Zhou , Jianhua Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to the limitations of the manufacturing process, the maximum length of REBCO tapes is often limited. REBCO tapes need to be connected to achieve the necessary length for the requirements of superconducting magnets. As a crucial connection element, superconducting joint plays an indispensable role in the construction of superconducting devices. However, it is worth noting that the welded joints often become the weak points of the structure, prone to damage or fracture under external loads. Given the significant advantages of the peridynamic method in handling discontinuities and fracture problems, especially its high accuracy in simulating the complex process of crack initiation and propagation, we have adopted this method to conduct in-depth research on the damage behavior of single-lap joints of REBCO tapes under mechanical loads such as tension, bending. Due to the remarkable dimensional differences of REBCO tape, 3D model of single-lap joint may lead to a large computational burden. In this paper, the peridynamic model of the laminate is used to model the REBCO tapes to improve the computational efficiency. Through this approach, the performance of single-lap and bridge joints in practical applications can be evaluated, providing valuable references for the design and manufacturing of superconducting devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":"151 ","pages":"Article 104159"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144826054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Strain-Induced failure prediction in HTS Roebel strands and cables: a finite element study based on critical strain criterion 高温超导罗贝尔钢索应变失效预测：基于临界应变准则的有限元研究

IF 2.1 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104162

S Gijoy , L.G. Lasithan , Praveen Arjunan , S. Rejin

引用次数: 0

Design, analysis, and multi-objective optimization of LNG cold energy cascade utilization CCHP system including ORC, cold storage, and data center cooling LNG冷能串级利用CCHP系统（包括ORC、冷库和数据中心冷却）的设计、分析和多目标优化

IF 2.1 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2025-07-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104152

Yang Ting , Pan Zhen , Lv Zhenbo , Shang Liyan , Yu Jingxian

{"title":"Design, analysis, and multi-objective optimization of LNG cold energy cascade utilization CCHP system including ORC, cold storage, and data center cooling","authors":"Yang Ting , Pan Zhen , Lv Zhenbo , Shang Liyan , Yu Jingxian","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To effectively recover LNG cold energy and waste heat from flue gas, a novel LNG cold energy cascade utilization system was constructed using Aspen HYSYS software. The system consists of a triple-stage ORC power generation system, a cold storage system, and a data centre cooling system. The performance of the proposed system was evaluated in detail through thermodynamic and economic analyses. The effects of several key parameters on system performance were studied, and the system’s performance was optimized using the Multi-Objective Sunflower Optimization (MOSFO) and the Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II). After investigating the suggested system’s ideal performance, it was shown that MOSFO performs better than NSGA-II. According to the findings, the suggested system has a net power production of 1781.87 kW under beginning conditions, a payback period of 2.16 years, a total investment cost of 4,630,135.92 $, a thermal efficiency of 53.08 %, and an exergy efficiency of 30.14 %. Following optimization, the payback period was shortened by 0.05 years and the exergy efficiency rose by 1.83 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 104152"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144780589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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The influence of sample thickness on the trapped field in single-domain REBa2Cu3O7-δ bulk superconductors 样品厚度对单畴REBa2Cu3O7-δ块体超导体捕获场的影响

IF 2.1 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2025-07-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104157

Kuerban Wujiamuniyazi, Huihan Yang, Abulizi Abulaiti

{"title":"The influence of sample thickness on the trapped field in single-domain REBa2Cu3O7-δ bulk superconductors","authors":"Kuerban Wujiamuniyazi, Huihan Yang, Abulizi Abulaiti","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Investigating the trapped field (<em>B<sub>tr</sub></em>) of single-domain <em>RE</em>Ba<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7-δ</sub> (<em>RE</em>BCO, <em>RE</em> is Rare Earth Elements) superconducting bulk materials is crucial for enhancing their performance, as well as advancing their practical applications. This study constructs a comprehensive physical model, considering key parameters including the critical current density of superconducting bulks, their diameter and thickness, as well as the observation height. A mathematical model for calculating the trapped field of <em>RE</em>BCO bulks has been developed based on the Biot-Savart law and the Finite Element Method, and simulated using Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB) software. In this study, the critical current density of the <em>RE</em>BCO bulk superconductor was set to 31,150 A/cm<sup>2</sup>, with a fixed diameter of 20 mm and thickness varying from 2 mm to 40 mm. The trapped field was numerically simulated at a position 0.5 mm above the surface of the bulk superconductor. The results show that the <em>B<sub>tr</sub></em> increases with thickness and saturates when the thickness reaches approximately 30 mm—thickness-to-diameter ratio is approximately 1.5. This study serves as a reference for the preparation of high-quality <em>RE</em>BCO bulk superconducting samples and provides novel insights into trapped magnetic field research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 104157"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144767086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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DC and quench performance assessment from the EUROfusion HTS Quench Experiment campaign and projection to magnet operation 从EUROfusion的高温超导淬火实验活动和对磁体操作的预测中评估直流和淬火性能

IF 2.1 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2025-07-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104158

A. Zappatore , H. Bajas , N. Bykovskiy , P. Bruzzone , G. Celentano , G. Colombo , J. Greenwood , A. Masi , K. Sedlak , D. Uglietti , V. Corato

{"title":"DC and quench performance assessment from the EUROfusion HTS Quench Experiment campaign and projection to magnet operation","authors":"A. Zappatore , H. Bajas , N. Bykovskiy , P. Bruzzone , G. Celentano , G. Colombo , J. Greenwood , A. Masi , K. Sedlak , D. Uglietti , V. Corato","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seven different high current conductors for fusion applications, made of High Temperature Superconducting stacked tapes, have been successfully tested in the Quench Experiment campaign supported by EUROfusion and carried out in SULTAN. The aim of this extensive experimental campaign is to explore the quench initiation and propagation in different conditions as well as different conductor design. The measurements show that there is a common behaviour to all layouts, i.e., the DC performance of such conductors have degraded after the quench test campaign, and more systematic DC experiments showed that it is likely that a temperature peak beyond 150 K on the stack may lead to the degradation. These results are analyzed and discussed in the present work. This allowed identifying a reference threshold for the safe operation in a real magnet. Through a simple analytical model, based on the assumption of adiabatic quench propagation, the projection to the expected performance in the magnet configuration is carried out, focusing on the maximum hotspot temperature reached, depending on the layout. It is shown that conductors with a larger effective heat capacity, although having a smaller quench propagation velocity, end up having lower hotspot temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 104158"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144771086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Qualification of a 90 K high-capacity cryocooler for cryo fluid management 用于冷冻流体管理的90k高容量制冷机的鉴定

IF 2.1 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2025-07-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104156

Kenneth J. Cragin, Adam L. Niblick, Mark V. Zagarola

{"title":"Qualification of a 90 K high-capacity cryocooler for cryo fluid management","authors":"Kenneth J. Cragin, Adam L. Niblick, Mark V. Zagarola","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Creare recently completed integration, qualification testing, and delivery of a high-capacity turbo-Brayton cooler designed to meet NASA’s needs for long-duration storage of liquid oxygen and methane in space. High capacity is defined as providing over 100 W of refrigeration at 90 K for the purposes of this paper. Zero-boil-off storage of these propellants is a key enabling technology for several NASA missions. Due to the size of the propellant tanks, an active refrigerator is required to intercept the heat loads, maintaining the cryogen temperature and eliminating boil-off. This cryocooler is a scaled-up version of the 20 W, 90 K cryocooler that Creare delivered to NASA in 2012 which was used in NASA’s initial ground demonstrations of reduced boil-off hydrogen storage and zero-boil-off oxygen storage. The cryocooler was integrated in a flight prototypical arrangement suitable for thermal performance and launch vibration testing and to support planned ground-based zero-boil-off demonstrations at NASA. The demonstrated refrigeration capacity is over 120 W of refrigeration at 90 K and over 200 W at 118 K, supporting a broad range of storage pressures for both liquid oxygen and liquid methane respectively. Launch vibration testing was also successfully completed on the integrated unit. This paper reviews the qualification test results for the cryocooler and presents specific power and specific mass estimates for a flight version of the cooler.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 104156"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144738915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0