Cryogenics最新文献_第10页

Comparative experiments on the flow morphology of liquid nitrogen and water in perforated structured packing 液氮和水在穿孔结构填料中的流动形态对比实验

IF 1.8 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103948

Xiaoqin Zhi, Yixuan Teng, Gaoming Zhan, Huabin Zhou, Shaolong Zhu, Limin Qiu

{"title":"Comparative experiments on the flow morphology of liquid nitrogen and water in perforated structured packing","authors":"Xiaoqin Zhi, Yixuan Teng, Gaoming Zhan, Huabin Zhou, Shaolong Zhu, Limin Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103948","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103948","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cryogenic distillation is the primary method for air separation, with corrugated plate packing as the main packing for heat and mass transfer between nitrogen and oxygen. The perforated structure on the corrugated plate packing can directly change the liquid distribution characteristics, thereby affecting the packing’s flow and mass transfer performance. Currently, the effect of perforated structure is mainly revealed by room temperature fluids such as water and air, while on the practical cryogenic fluids such as liquid nitrogen, it is seldom studied. In this study, the effects of perforation size ranging from 2 to 8 mm on the flow of water and liquid nitrogen on the perforated plates were investigated and compared by a high-speed camera. It was observed that water could hardly flow through the perforations, it completely covers the perforations, forming a continuous liquid film on the surface of the perforations. The expected role of perforations in redistributing water on the back side of the corrugated plate is relatively minor. While for liquid nitrogen, the presence of the perforated structure helps fluid redistribution on the back side of the plate, as it can easily flow through the perforations with diameters between 2 mm and 8 mm. It is found that when the perforation diameter exceeds 6 mm, liquid nitrogen will form suspended liquid droplets within the holes, which could be a risk of premature flooding. Under similar conditions, the wetting rate of liquid nitrogen reaches 86.90 % −99.48 %, higher than that of water which is about 10.26 % −78.82 %. The results show that perforations have quite different effects on the flow characters of water and liquid nitrogen due to their disparate physic properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 103948"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142426218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A quantum-corrected Peng‒Robinson equation of state for helium-4 from 3 K to 50 K considering quantum swelling effects through the Feynman‒Hibbs correction of the EXP-6 potential 通过对 EXP-6 势的费曼-希布斯修正，考虑量子膨胀效应的氦-4 从 3 K 到 50 K 的量子修正彭-罗宾逊状态方程

IF 1.8 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103954

Changjun Li , Caigong Zhang , Jing Xu , Yang Chen , Chao Chen , Ziyuan Li , Zhuang Guo

{"title":"A quantum-corrected Peng‒Robinson equation of state for helium-4 from 3 K to 50 K considering quantum swelling effects through the Feynman‒Hibbs correction of the EXP-6 potential","authors":"Changjun Li , Caigong Zhang , Jing Xu , Yang Chen , Chao Chen , Ziyuan Li , Zhuang Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103954","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103954","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate and efficient prediction of the properties of helium-4 (He-4) via an equation of state (EOS) is a prerequisite for evaluating liquid helium-4 (LHe-4) storage technology. However, the performance of the Peng–Robinson (PR) EOS in predicting the density of LHe-4 and vapour helium-4 (VHe-4) deteriorates within the thermodynamic ranges of the LHe-4 tank: 3–50 K and 60–600 kPa. To modify the PR EOS, we establish first-order and second-order Feynman–Hibbs (FH)-corrected EXP-6 potentials and propose a reduced effective particle diameter (REPD) correlation with four parameters to consider the quantum swelling effects of LHe-4. On the basis of the rational function form of the REPD correlation, we introduce a quantum-corrected covolume term to develop a regression model for the FH-corrected Peng–Robinson (FH-PR) EOS. Moreover, to improve the effectiveness of regression near the saturation curve, we propose a hypothetical boundary consisting of the saturation curve from 3 K to the critical temperature and a virtual saturation curve from the critical pressure to 600 kPa. The results indicate that the FH − PR EOS shows satisfactory engineering application performance in predicting the density of He-4 within the studied range. Under verification conditions, the average absolute relative deviation (AARD) of the density determined via the FH − PR EOS ranges from 0.72 % to 1.77 %, and the maximum relative deviation (MRD) ranges from 2.17 % to 5.62 %. Under test conditions, the AARD of the density ranged from 1.06 % to 1.71 %, and the MRD ranged from 3.77 % to 7.38 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 103954"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142426917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Numerical modelling and measurement of the E-I characteristics of MgB2 wire in sub-cooled water ice 过冷水冰中 MgB2 金属丝电致 I 特性的数值模拟和测量

IF 1.8 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103949

M. Búran, P. Kováč

{"title":"Numerical modelling and measurement of the E-I characteristics of MgB2 wire in sub-cooled water ice","authors":"M. Búran, P. Kováč","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103949","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103949","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents a comprehensive 3D numerical model of MgB<sub>2</sub> multi-filamentary superconducting wires using the Finite Element Method (FEM) software, COMSOL Multiphysics® 6.0. The study aims to investigate the electro-thermal behavior of MgB<sub>2</sub> composite wires during standard transport measurements at various initial temperatures under subcooled water ice conditions. By solving a series of partial differential equations governing heat transfer and dynamic current transport, the model provides detailed insights into the wire’s performance. The simulation results are rigorously compared with experimental E-I characteristics measured for 6-filament MgB<sub>2</sub> wires with internal copper stabilization. This comparison validates the model and highlights its capability to predict the behavior of superconducting wires under cryogenic conditions. The findings offer valuable data on the current distribution, ohmic losses, and overall thermal stability of the composite wires, contributing to the advancement of cryogen-free superconducting technologies. This study bridges the gap in the literature regarding the electrothermal dynamics of MgB<sub>2</sub> wires cooled by subcooled water ice, providing a foundation for further research and practical applications in high-field generation devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 103949"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142426219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nano aluminum nitride fillers for enhanced mechanical and thermal properties of GFRP in cryogenic temperature settings 纳米氮化铝填料可增强 GFRP 在低温环境下的机械和热性能

IF 1.8 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103953

Rong Bao , Wentao Sun , Zhixiong Wu , Chuanjun Huang , Laifeng Li , Yuan Zhou

{"title":"Nano aluminum nitride fillers for enhanced mechanical and thermal properties of GFRP in cryogenic temperature settings","authors":"Rong Bao , Wentao Sun , Zhixiong Wu , Chuanjun Huang , Laifeng Li , Yuan Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites, with epoxy resin or a blend of cyanate and epoxy resins as the matrix, have been used as insulating materials of high-field, large-scale superconducting magnets for accelerators and magnetic confinement fusion. However, the GFRP does not fully meet the requirements for the next generation of magnetic confinement fusion with respect to the mechanical and thermal performance at cryogenic temperature and huge electromagnetic stress. This paper introduces a method for enhancing both the mechanical and thermal properties of the GFRP composites using aluminum nitride (AlN) nanoparticles. The fabrication of the AlN-GFRP composite involved a method that combines “dip absorption” with vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM). The dip absorption method was utilized to deposit AlN nanopowders onto glass fibers, resulting in the preparation of AlN-glass fiber layers. Subsequently, the AlN-woven glass fibers were incorporated to reinforce the cyanate ester/epoxy based composites using the VARTM technology. The mechanical and thermal properties of the AlN-GFRP composites were assessed across varying temperatures. The results indicate that the short-beam shear strength (SBS strength) of the AlN-GFRP composites improves at cryogenic temperatures compared to that of the GFRP composites without AlN. Additionally, enhanced thermal conductivities are observed across different temperature ranges for the AlN-GFRP composites. The coefficient of thermal expansion between 77 K and 300 K of the composites significantly decreases with the addition of the AlN nanopowders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 103953"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142356928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing pipe chilldown with axial grooves filled with silicone sealant 用硅酮密封剂填充轴向沟槽，增强管道冷却效果

IF 1.8 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103957

Katsuyoshi Fukiba, Kohei Suda, Ibuki Hori

{"title":"Enhancing pipe chilldown with axial grooves filled with silicone sealant","authors":"Katsuyoshi Fukiba, Kohei Suda, Ibuki Hori","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103957","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103957","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes a method to accelerate the chilldown process in pipes using liquid nitrogen flow. Axial grooves were machined along the inner surface of the pipe and then filled with silicone sealant. This approach achieves a shorter chilldown time compared to previously proposed methods. Initial experiments involving pool boiling in liquid nitrogen were conducted to determine the optimal groove width and the ratio of groove-to-sealant area. The shortest chilldown time in pool boiling was achieved when the groove pitch was close to the capillary length. The effect of the copper-to-silicone sealant area ratio on the chilldown process was minimal. The shortest chilldown time was achieved with a surface that had a 2 mm pitch and a copper-to-silicone sealant area ratio of 0.25. The chilldown time was 1/4.4 of that of the bare surface. Pipes with different pitch and groove widths were tested in a flow chilldown experiment. Using the surface texture, the chilldown time of a stainless-steel pipe with an outer diameter of 1/2″ and a length of 120 mm from room temperature to the saturation temperature was reduced to a maximum of 1/3.6. The shortest cooling time is obtained at a groove pitch of 2 mm. In addition to the shorter cooling time, the amount of liquid nitrogen required for chilldown was also reduced.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 103957"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Numerical analysis of sloshing effects in cryogenic liquefied-hydrogen storage tanks for trains under various vibration conditions 列车低温液化氢储罐在各种振动条件下的滑动效应数值分析

IF 1.8 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103961

Myeong-rok Ryu , Sungho Yun , Bo-kyong Kim , Daehoon Kang , Gildong Kim , Hyunbae Lee

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of localized mechanical properties of modified N50 welded joints at cryogenic temperature through a digital image correlation technique 通过数字图像相关技术评估低温下改性 N50 焊点的局部机械性能

IF 1.8 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103960

Jingjing Dai , Liancheng Xie , Weijun Wang , Jijun Xin , Bixi Li , Rong Bao , Yining Huang , Chuanjun Huang , Wentao Sun , Wei Wang , Li Shi , Xinran Shan , Laifeng Li

{"title":"Evaluation of localized mechanical properties of modified N50 welded joints at cryogenic temperature through a digital image correlation technique","authors":"Jingjing Dai , Liancheng Xie , Weijun Wang , Jijun Xin , Bixi Li , Rong Bao , Yining Huang , Chuanjun Huang , Wentao Sun , Wei Wang , Li Shi , Xinran Shan , Laifeng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103960","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103960","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The modified N50 austenitic stainless steel has been determined to be applied as the superconducting magnet supporting material of the Chinese Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR), especially the jacket material of the CICCs of both the TF coils and the CS coils and the case material of the TF coils, which inevitably requires welding connection. The welding process generally results in welding defects as well as degradation of cryogenic mechanical properties of metallurgical inhomogeneous zones. However, limited research has been reported to demonstrate the distinct localized performance of these zones at cryogenic temperature. The present paper presents an approach to characterize localized mechanical properties of the modified N50 welds at both room temperature (300 K) and cryogenic temperature (6 K). We identified the welding zone (WZ) through metallographic analysis and then the boundaries of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) were recognized by hardness measurements at room temperature. Finally, the localized optical digital image correlation (DIC) technique was used to obtain the localized yield strength <em>R</em><sub>p0.2</sub> and percentage extension <em>e</em> of the WZ, the HAZ, and the base metal (BM) at both room and cryogenic temperature, of which the observed trend is verified through comparison with that of hardness measurements at room temperature. The technique proposed provides the localized measurement of cryogenic tensile properties of weld metals and also presents experimental data on different zones of the modified N50 welded joints as a jacket material for the next-generation fusion reactors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 103960"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A novel approach to thermal insulation modelling in soft and medium vacuum insulation systems 软真空和中真空绝热系统绝热建模新方法

IF 1.8 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103946

Gideon Volschenk , Michael O'Shea , Bryan Shaughnessy

{"title":"A novel approach to thermal insulation modelling in soft and medium vacuum insulation systems","authors":"Gideon Volschenk , Michael O'Shea , Bryan Shaughnessy","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103946","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103946","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The accuracy of vacuum-dependent models for predicting thermal performance of Multi-Layer Insulation (MLI) and other layered insulation systems is critical for the development of novel solutions in the aerospace and energy sectors, particularly long distance superconductors and cryogenic transfer lines. This paper presents a review of the current state of the art in cryogenic vacuum insulation systems and their associated modelling techniques and test methods. Current modelling techniques, namely the Lockheed and McIntosh MLI models, are compared to cryogenic, boil-off calorimeter test data for 3 types of MLI from the current literature. Both current models provide acceptable accuracy at high vacuum pressures but deviate from the test data when gas conduction becomes the dominant heat transfer mechanism (<span><math><mi>K</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>≤</mo><mn>1</mn></math></span>). Neither of the current models follow the characteristic S-curve observed by researchers during insulation tests. This paper presents the introduction of a novel modelling approach for layered insulation systems though changes to the current state of the art, specifically at soft (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>v</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub><mo>≤</mo><mn>7.5</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup><mtext> mTorr</mtext></math></span>) and medium vacuum (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>v</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub><mo>≤</mo><mn>7.5</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mtext> mTorr</mtext></math></span>) pressures, by substituting the gas conduction term in both equations with alternative terms based on the system Knudsen number (<em>Kn</em>) and molecule mean free path (<em>l</em>). This results in a stronger pressure dependence across the vacuum regime. Both modified models exhibited the characteristic S-curve with significantly reduced errors over the entire range.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 103946"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142527981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Progress in measuring techniques and thermal radiative properties of metals at cryogenic temperatures: A review 低温金属测量技术和热辐射特性的进展：综述

IF 1.8 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103950

Abdul Rehman Hashmi , Bo Wang , Fatima Saadat , Zhihua Gan

引用次数: 0

Effect of temperature and heat input on helium isotope separation driven by an entropy filter 温度和热量输入对熵滤器驱动的氦同位素分离的影响

IF 1.8 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103952

Liguo Wang , Qianxi Qu , Wanyin Zhao , Huan Chen , Niannian Dai , Peng Jia , Dong Xu , Laifeng Li

{"title":"Effect of temperature and heat input on helium isotope separation driven by an entropy filter","authors":"Liguo Wang , Qianxi Qu , Wanyin Zhao , Huan Chen , Niannian Dai , Peng Jia , Dong Xu , Laifeng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103952","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103952","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To understand the effect of temperature and heat input on helium isotope separation driven by an entropy filter, the thermomechanical flow of superfluid helium through an entropy filter for obtaining high purity <sup>4</sup>He is experimentally investigated. For this method, there are two important indicators: separation flow (flow rate) and separation effect (<sup>3</sup>He concentration). The separation flow rate is examined at various temperatures ranging from 1.6 K to 1.9 K of feed helium. Different heat inputs (Q) are applied to the entropy filter outlet to drive superfluid <sup>4</sup>He flowing through the porous element. The results demonstrate that the flow rate increases as the feed helium temperature decreases and heat input increases. Simultaneously, <sup>3</sup>He diffusion is detected as the superfluid helium passes through the entropy filter. The concentration of <sup>3</sup>He, filtered at different temperature ranging from 1.6 K to 1.9 K, are analyzed using HELIX SFT Static Vacuum Mass Spectrometer. The findings reveal that the <sup>3</sup>He concentration decreases with an increase in the temperature of the feed helium bath. <sup>3</sup>He concentration of feed helium is around <span><math><mrow><mn>3.3</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>8</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>. Specifically, the <sup>3</sup>He concentration in the filtered helium at 1.6 K is approximately <span><math><mrow><mn>3.2</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>10</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, while at 1.9 K, it reduced to <span><math><mrow><mn>2.2</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>10</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>. This suggests that <sup>3</sup>He diffusion in He II is inversely proportional to the He II temperature from 1.6 K to 1.9 K, resulting in a lower <sup>3</sup>He concentration at higher temperatures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 103952"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142327273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0