Cryogenics最新文献_第7页

Study on the helium liquefaction characteristics in the Laval nozzle

IF 1.8 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2024-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.104017

Baosheng Chen , Aihong Zou , Yupei Zeng , Ercang Luo

{"title":"Study on the helium liquefaction characteristics in the Laval nozzle","authors":"Baosheng Chen , Aihong Zou , Yupei Zeng , Ercang Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.104017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.104017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achieving helium liquefaction is fundamental to the widespread utilization of liquid helium in various industrial processes. This study innovatively proposes a new type of device for helium liquefaction, the Laval nozzle. Compared with the traditional helium liquefaction equipment, it can achieve isentropic expansion and direct liquefaction without any moving components. Based on CFD calculations, the distribution patterns of temperature, pressure, Mach number and other flow parameters of helium in the Laval nozzle are obtained, and the effects of the inlet parameters and the structure of the Laval nozzle on the liquefaction process are also explored. The results show that when the inlet temperature is 14 K, the inlet pressure is 1700 kPa, the outlet pressure is 45.021 kPa and the outlet temperature can be as low as 3.23 K, which is lower than the saturation temperature corresponding to the outlet pressure, which validates the feasibility of helium liquefaction in the Laval nozzle. Lower inlet temperature or higher inlet pressure is conducive to promoting the liquefaction of helium in the Laval nozzle and enhance its refrigeration effect. The structure of the Laval nozzle has an insignificant effect on helium liquefaction characteristics, but it can be used as a reference for optimizing the structure of the Laval nozzle in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 104017"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143159186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An innovative 45 kV thin wall heater for ITER superconducting current lead terminal

IF 1.8 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103999

Shen Mo , Pan Wanjiang , Zhu Yinfeng , Mohmmed Mun ELseed Hassaan , Wu Cheng

引用次数: 0

Development of soft seal and experimental investigation of soft seated safety relief valves for cryogenic applications

IF 1.8 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.104005

N. Sreekanth , S. Sankaran , Jack J. Kenned

{"title":"Development of soft seal and experimental investigation of soft seated safety relief valves for cryogenic applications","authors":"N. Sreekanth , S. Sankaran , Jack J. Kenned","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.104005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.104005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cryogenic propellant servicing of any advanced propulsion system before launch is very critical due to complex two phase flow during chilling, transient heat transfer, pressure and temperature management. Metal seated safety valves are generally prone to seat leakage due to surface roughness and even small degree of leak across seat is not acceptable for usage in cryogenic applications.In this study, the seat leakage across metal seated valves is mitigated by designing and developing a unique soft seal to replace metal seated safety valve seat. An experimental investigation is carried out to validate the developed soft-seated valve with ambient gases such as nitrogen and highly sensitive mass spectrometer test with gaseous helium. Liquid nitrogen tests are conducted to validate the performance of the developed soft seated valve at cryogenic temperatures. In addition, semi-empirical computations have been done based on contact surface characteristics and deformation analysis to assess seat leak rates with gaseous helium. The experimental test results indicated that the seat leak rate improved with increased cyclic operations compared to metal seated valves. The sealing characteristics improved to 0.61 x 10<sup>−6</sup> mbar.l/sec from 4.72 x 10<sup>−5</sup> mbar.l/sec at liquid nitrogen temperature. The computations of leak rate obtained by semi empirical computations was compared to that of experimental results and are found to be in close agreement. The results indicated the developed soft seated valve meets the leakage class requirements for cryogenic applications and can be applied to metal seated valve.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 104005"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143159188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Residual resistance ratio measurement system for Nb3Sn wires extracted from Rutherford cables

IF 1.8 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.104002

Ian Pong , Algirdas Baskys , Charlie Sanabria , Michael Naus , Scott Myers , Heng Pan , Jonathan Lee , Li Wang , Jordan Taylor , Marcos Turqueti , Xiaorong Wang

{"title":"Residual resistance ratio measurement system for Nb3Sn wires extracted from Rutherford cables","authors":"Ian Pong , Algirdas Baskys , Charlie Sanabria , Michael Naus , Scott Myers , Heng Pan , Jonathan Lee , Li Wang , Jordan Taylor , Marcos Turqueti , Xiaorong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.104002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.104002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Residual resistance ratio (RRR) of superconducting strands is an important parameter for magnet electrical stability. RRR serves as a measure of the low-temperature electrical conductivity of the copper within a conductor that has a copper stabilization matrix. For Nb<sub>3</sub>Sn, due to the need of a reaction heat treatment, the technical requirements for high quality measurements of strands extracted from Rutherford cables are particularly demanding. Quality of wire, cabling deformation, heat treatment temperature, heat treatment atmosphere, sample handling, and measurement methods can all affect the RRR. Therefore, as an integral part of the electrical quality control (QC) of Nb<sub>3</sub>Sn Rutherford cables manufactured at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, it was prudent that we established a RRR measurement system that can isolate the assessment of cable-fabrication-related impacts from sample preparation and measurement factors.</div><div>Here we describe a bespoke cryocooler-based measurement system, capable of measuring RRR of over 80 samples in a single cooldown. The samples are mounted on custom-designed printed circuit boards that accommodate the shape of strands extracted from a Rutherford cable without added deformation, which we will show is critical in ensuring that the measurements accurately represent the RRR values of the conductor within the cable. Using this sample mounting solution, we routinely measure the overall RRR of the strand as well as individual intra-strand sections corresponding to both cable edges and cable broad faces with high reproducibility. Such measurements provide valuable information on the variation of RRR along the length of the strands as well as across strand productions and cable runs over time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 104002"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143159187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Two-dimensional network flow modeling of no-vent tank filling of a cryogenic tank with thermodynamic vent system assisted injector

IF 1.8 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.104004

Alok Majumdar , Andre LeClair , Jason Hartwig , S. Mostafa Ghiaasiaan

{"title":"Two-dimensional network flow modeling of no-vent tank filling of a cryogenic tank with thermodynamic vent system assisted injector","authors":"Alok Majumdar , Andre LeClair , Jason Hartwig , S. Mostafa Ghiaasiaan","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.104004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.104004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A finite volume-based network flow modeling tool, Generalized Fluid System Simulation Program (GFSSP), was used to simulate the no-vent filling of a cryogenic tank with a thermodynamic vent system assisted injector. The tank was discretized into nodes in the radial and axial directions to calculate two-dimensional axisymmetric flow with heat transfer between the solid wall and fluid. The nodes are connected by branches where momentum equations are solved to calculate the flowrates. The mass and energy conservation equations and the equation of state are solved to calculate pressure, temperature, and resident mass at the nodes. The energy conservation equations at the solid nodes were solved to calculate the temperature of the solid wall. The system of equations was solved by a combination of successive substitution and simultaneous Newton-Raphson method. The numerical model accounts for a) different regimes of pool boiling heat transfer, b) condensation of vapor around the spray droplets, c) condensation of vapor at the interface of the cooled injector and ullage, and d) condensation at the liquid–vapor interphase. The numerical predictions of tank pressure, filling rate, and wall temperatures were compared with the test data. The paper also presents the effect of nodal discretization by comparing the results of the 1D and 2D models and examines the effect of the droplet diameter on tank filling. The results of this study indicate that GFSSP is suitable for scoping analysis of no-vent tank fill transients and can therefore be a useful complementary analytical tool, along with experiments and CFD simulations, for research on no-vent tank refill.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 104004"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143158658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Critical performance of a Nb3Sn Rutherford cable insert coil for 14 T MRI magnet

IF 1.8 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103998

Yunhao Liu , Yi Sun , Yu Wu , Yi Shi , Fang Liu , Chao Dai , Jinggang Qin

{"title":"Critical performance of a Nb3Sn Rutherford cable insert coil for 14 T MRI magnet","authors":"Yunhao Liu , Yi Sun , Yu Wu , Yi Shi , Fang Liu , Chao Dai , Jinggang Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103998","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103998","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences (ASIPP) has been engaged the conceptual design and prototype coil development for the main coil of the whole-body 14 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) superconducting magnet since 2017. In order to improve the thermal and mechanical stability of the coil, a type of conductor called Rutherford cable-in-channel (RIC) will be used in the main coil of the 14 T MRI magnet system. The Rutherford cable is the core component of the RIC conductor. Assessing the electromagnetic performance of the Rutherford cable under operating conditions allows prediction and evaluation of the performance of RIC conductors and 14 T MRI magnets. In order to verify the critical performance of the Rutherford cable, a 2-layer, 2-turn (2 × 2) insert coil was manufactured and tested under a WM3 (maximum magnetic field of 20 T) resistive magnet at the High Magnetic Field Laboratory of the Chinese Academy of Science (CHMFL). The insert coil reaches a critical current of 3489.2 A with n-value of 24.39 after 12 times of quench training under a 14 T background field. The joint resistance is around 20 nΩ. The design, fabrication, testing and analysis of 2 × 2 insert coil will be presented in this paper.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 103998"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143159189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of carbon ion implantation on the superconducting properties of MgB2 bulks prepared by powder-in-sealed-tube method 碳离子注入对封管粉末法制备MgB2块体超导性能的影响

IF 1.8 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103994

J.S. Hansdah , P.M. Sarun , K. Asokan

{"title":"Effect of carbon ion implantation on the superconducting properties of MgB2 bulks prepared by powder-in-sealed-tube method","authors":"J.S. Hansdah , P.M. Sarun , K. Asokan","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103994","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103994","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We studied the effect of carbon (C) ion implantation on the microstructure and superconducting properties of bulk MgB<sub>2</sub> prepared by the powder-in-sealed-tube (PIST) method. FESEM and TEM analysis indicate microstructural changes due to carbon ion implantation. DC magnetization measurements reveal a slight improvement of T<sub>C</sub> and small ΔT<sub>C</sub> values due to ion implantation. The J<sub>C</sub>(B) characteristics of implanted samples show a significant enhancement of J<sub>C</sub> compared with pristine MgB<sub>2</sub> at 10 and 20 K. MgB<sub>2</sub> samples implanted with 80 keV carbon ions with a dose of 2 × 10<sup>16</sup> ions cm<sup>−2</sup> show maximum enhancement in J<sub>C</sub> i.e., 2.07 × 10<sup>5</sup> A/cm<sup>2</sup> at 5 T and 10 K. The flux pinning force density curves are theoretically analyzed using the Dew-Hughes model. The results reveal that significant enhancements in the flux pinning properties are contributed by the normal point defects caused by carbon ion implantation, which acts as a strong pinning center.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 103994"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A study on the potential of cryogenic cooling and cutting technique in reducing the decommissioning cost of offshore monopiles 低温冷却与切割技术在降低海上单桩退役成本方面的潜力研究

IF 1.8 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103991

Kenneth Bisgaard Christensen , Alireza Maheri , M.Amir Siddiq , Shahin Jalili

{"title":"A study on the potential of cryogenic cooling and cutting technique in reducing the decommissioning cost of offshore monopiles","authors":"Kenneth Bisgaard Christensen , Alireza Maheri , M.Amir Siddiq , Shahin Jalili","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103991","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103991","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a feasibility study of the Cryogenic Cooling and Cutting System (CCCS), an embrittlement-based technique for offshore wind monopile foundations. The CCCS employs cryogenic treatment of the monopile wall surface to significantly reduce its impact energy absorption capability significantly, aiming to achieve shorter overall cutting time than conventional cutting techniques. Through numerical analysis, the performance of CCCS is assessed and compared with the Abrasive Water Jet (AWJ) technique, revealing that CCCS offers up to 46.8 times faster cutting speeds and reduces cutting times by 87.1 % – 97.9 % across various monopile diameters and wall thicknesses. These improvements indicate the potential for substantial reductions in the cost and emissions associated with Offshore Wind Farm (OWF) decommissioning. Specifically, the application of CCCS could reduce the total foundation removal operation time by 28 %, resulting in 23 % savings in vessel leasing costs for a real-world OWF decommissioning project. Our findings suggest that the proposed CCCS technique enhances cutting efficiency and contributes significantly to the economic and environmental sustainability of OWF decommissioning. This study aims to demonstrate the CCCS technique’s unique advantages over conventional methods, such as AWJ, by significantly reducing both cutting times and environmental impact, thereby enhancing the sustainability and cost-effectiveness of offshore wind farm decommissioning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 103991"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Simulation and experimental investigation on kinetic and thermodynamic characteristics of liquid nitrogen droplets impacting superheated wall 液氮液滴撞击过热壁的动力学和热力学特性的模拟和实验研究

IF 1.8 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103993

Yanan Li , Xiufang Liu , Qingshuo Miao , Jiajun Chen , Fuhao Zhong , Mian Zheng , Yu Hou

{"title":"Simulation and experimental investigation on kinetic and thermodynamic characteristics of liquid nitrogen droplets impacting superheated wall","authors":"Yanan Li , Xiufang Liu , Qingshuo Miao , Jiajun Chen , Fuhao Zhong , Mian Zheng , Yu Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103993","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103993","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Liquid nitrogen droplets impacting superheated wall is an essential phenomenon in cryogenic phase-change spray cooling. In this study, the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method was used to develop a numerical model to investigate the kinetic and thermodynamic characteristics of liquid nitrogen droplets impacting superheated wall. The experiment for the impact of liquid nitrogen droplets was conducted to validate the simulation. The findings indicate that liquid nitrogen droplets impacting superheated wall exhibit three boiling regimes: contact boiling, transition boiling, and film boiling. During contact boiling, as <em>We</em> increases, droplets undergo three modes sequentially: spreading, forming fingering-like structures, and fragmentation. During transition boiling and film boiling, as <em>We</em> increases, droplets exhibit spreading, splashing, and fragmentation. Increasing the wall temperature leads to the formation of vapor pockets and vapor film, which results in deteriorated heat transfer at the solid–liquid contact area, and meanwhile reducing the extent of droplet spreading. Increasing <em>We</em> promotes droplet spreading, reducing vapor pockets and vapor film thickness, increasing wetting area, and postpones the onset of heat transfer deterioration. Increasing the wall temperature and <em>We</em> both lead to a higher decreasing rate of liquid volume of droplet which indicates an intensified vaporization rate. The larger the contact angle of the wall, the less the droplet spreads, and the lower the heat transfer between the droplets and the wall.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 103993"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A helium isotope separation cryostat with an entropy filter cooled by a G-M cryocooler 一个氦同位素分离低温恒温器与熵过滤器由一个G-M制冷机冷却

IF 1.8 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103992

Liguo Wang , Qianxi Qu , Huan Chen , Niannian Dai , Wanyin Zhao , Peng Jia , Dong Xu , Laifeng Li

{"title":"A helium isotope separation cryostat with an entropy filter cooled by a G-M cryocooler","authors":"Liguo Wang , Qianxi Qu , Huan Chen , Niannian Dai , Wanyin Zhao , Peng Jia , Dong Xu , Laifeng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103992","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103992","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To obtain ultra-high purity <sup>4</sup>He, a helium isotope separation cryostat including an entropy filter cooled by a G-M cryocooler was constructed. This cryostat provided possibility for continuous separation of helium isotopes. The entire separation process comprised two stages determined by the state of helium flow through the entropy filter: the startup stage and the steady stage. In this paper, the separation effect under these two stages has been studied, with <sup>3</sup>He concentration being tested by Helix SFT™ Mass Spectrometry. The concentration of <sup>3</sup>He were <span><math><mrow><mn>3.31</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>8</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>,<span><math><mrow><mn>6.39</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>10</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mn>2.41</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>10</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> for the feed helium gas, the startup stage and the steady stage. The results indicated that the concentration of <sup>3</sup>He separated in the steady stage decreases by two orders of magnitude, and the separation effect of the startup stage is inferior to that of the steady stage. Additionally, a detailed analysis of <sup>3</sup>He diffusion and <sup>4</sup>He superfluid flow is presented, along with potential advancements in helium isotope separation cryostat that could benefit future industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 103992"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0