Cryogenics最新文献_第8页

Modelling and analysis of quench in the 15-kA HTS conductor 15 kA HTS 导体中的淬火建模与分析

IF 1.8 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103889

Monika Lewandowska , Aleksandra Dembkowska , Rafał Ortwein , Dariusz Bocian , Ortensia Dicuonzo , Kamil Sedlak

{"title":"Modelling and analysis of quench in the 15-kA HTS conductor","authors":"Monika Lewandowska , Aleksandra Dembkowska , Rafał Ortwein , Dariusz Bocian , Ortensia Dicuonzo , Kamil Sedlak","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103889","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High Temperature Superconductors (HTS) are very promising materials for possible application in future fusion magnets, with significant R&D progress on HTS conductors in recent years. However, since geometric and thermo-physical characteristics of HTS and LTS conductors differ significantly, some doubts have arisen if the approaches successfully used in numerical simulations of the thermal–hydraulic behavior of LTS conductors would be sufficient also for HTS, particularly in cases when fast transient processes (such as e.g. quench) are considered. In order to provide data for better understanding of the quench phenomenon in HTS conductors as well as for testing different numerical approaches and proper tuning of the numerical codes, a dedicated experimental campaign (Quench Experiment) was carried out at the SULTAN test facility within the international collaboration between the EUROfusion consortium and China. Our present study is a part of the work on analysis and interpretation of the data collected during this experiment. Simulations of the chosen experimental run were performed using two THEA models with different levels of complexity. Uncertain model parameters (thermal resistances and copper RRR) were explored across a wide range. Our goal was to identify the possibly simple model that accurately reproduces the experimental results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141480442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of miniaturized J-T cooler with thin-plate type sorption compressor for 5 K cooling 利用薄板式吸附压缩机开发用于 5 K 冷却的微型 J-T 冷却器

IF 1.8 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2024-06-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103886

Junhyuk Bae, Giorgio Ghilardi, Sangkwon Jeong

{"title":"Development of miniaturized J-T cooler with thin-plate type sorption compressor for 5 K cooling","authors":"Junhyuk Bae, Giorgio Ghilardi, Sangkwon Jeong","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103886","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103886","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A sorption J-T cooler for a cooling temperature of 5 K can be useful to cool the sensitive detectors and calorimeters, due to its vibration-free characteristic. It is a J-T cooler driven by the sorption compressor, that utilizes the adsorption phenomenon to create the pressure gradient. To maximize the mass flow rate, the switchless thin-plate type cell is adopted for the sorption compressor. The coiled tube-in-tube heat exchanger is fabricated to minimize the overall size of the cooler. After precooling the experimental apparatus with a two-stage G-M cooler, the open-loop test is performed to assess the mass flow rate characteristics of the J-T restrictor and the background heat ingress. In the closed-loop experiments, the cooling temperature below 5 K is achieved by the sorption compressor without heat load. The nominal mass flow rate from the sorption compressor is 1.3 mg/s with the pressure ratio between 5.9 and 6.6. Subsequently, the model of the heat exchanger is utilized to determine the maximum cooling capacity according to the inlet temperature of the high-pressure stream. Furthermore, the effectiveness and the overall COP of the sorption J-T cooler are analyzed. The maximum cooling capacity at 5 K in the experimental setup is predicted to be 3.4 mW and 4.9 mW with the original and improved heat exchangers, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141951288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of a 10 K automated sample exchange cryostat for SANS_CSNS 开发用于 SANS_CSNS 的 10 K 自动样品交换低温恒温器

IF 1.8 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2024-06-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103881

Mengjia Dou , Haitao Hu , Zhiqiang Huang , Bao Yuan , Quan Lin , WanJu Luo , Fan Ye , Hui Cheng , Hanqiu Jiang , Yubin Ke , He Cheng , Bo Bai , Xin Tong

{"title":"Development of a 10 K automated sample exchange cryostat for SANS_CSNS","authors":"Mengjia Dou , Haitao Hu , Zhiqiang Huang , Bao Yuan , Quan Lin , WanJu Luo , Fan Ye , Hui Cheng , Hanqiu Jiang , Yubin Ke , He Cheng , Bo Bai , Xin Tong","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103881","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Small-angle Neutron Spectrometer at China Spallation Neutron Source (SANS_CSNS) is a functional apparatus utilized for the examination of structures and inhomogeneities within the size range of 1 to 100 nm. The development of sample environments for in situ experiments at low temperatures at SANS_CSNS is urgent in order to address the increasing demands of users. The CSNS Sample Environment Group has successfully designed and constructed an automated sample exchange cryostat for SANS experiments, capable of operating in a temperature range of 10 ∼ 500 K. This cryostat has been specifically engineered to accommodate up to four samples simultaneously and exchange samples automatically in order to optimize the utilization of neutron beams by minimizing the downtime associated with manual sample handling. The results of simulation and temperature measurement proved that sample temperature could be accurately controlled from 10 K to 500 K through the incorporation of a 4 K GM cryocooler and a heater. Furthermore, neutron scattering studies conducted on SANS_CSNS proved that this cryostat exhibits commendable temperature control capabilities and minimal background interference. This automated sample exchange cryostat will be available to researchers of SANS_CSNS in the following user programs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141434314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design and development of a 4He sub-Kelvin sorption cooler 设计和开发 4He 亚开尔文吸附冷却器

IF 2.1 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103876

Yilin Lei , Guotong Hong , Jia Quan , Ya-nan Zhao , Ruixin Li , Guopeng Wang , Yuexue Ma , Jingtao Liang

引用次数: 0

Active cryocooling needs for NASA space instruments and future technology development 美国航天局空间仪器的主动低温冷却需求和未来技术开发

IF 2.1 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2024-06-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103877

Weibo Chen , Michael DiPirro , Ian McKinley , Chullhee Cho , Howard Tseng

{"title":"Active cryocooling needs for NASA space instruments and future technology development","authors":"Weibo Chen , Michael DiPirro , Ian McKinley , Chullhee Cho , Howard Tseng","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103877","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Many NASA’s highly sensitive instruments require advanced active cryocoolers to enable their detectors, optics, and low noise amplifiers to reach their full performance potential. These instruments include infrared, X-ray, millimeter-wave and quantum communication instrument systems for earth science, planetary science, and astrophysics. The operating temperatures of these instruments range from approximately 150 K to below 0.1 K. This paper first reviews the status of current active cryocooling technologies for these applications. It then describes the performance improvements needed for these cooling systems to support wider adaptation of advanced cryogenic instruments in future missions. In addition to enhancing cooler performance in terms of thermal efficiency, cooling capacity, size and mass, the paper also discusses the needs for developing high-power cryocooler control electronics, improving waste heat management subsystem, and reducing exported vibrations. Finally, the paper recommends strategies for NASA to support and coordinate cooler development efforts in NASA centers, cryocooler industries and academic institutes to advance technologies needed for future missions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141323224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Charging delay elimination of solder impregnated HTS coils with specific excitation current 用特定激励电流消除浸渍焊料的 HTS 线圈的充电延迟

IF 2.1 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2024-06-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103880

Hongjun Zhang , Rui Kang , Ling Zhao , Ao Feng , Wei Li , Jin Zhou , Yaqiang Wang , Rui Ma , Chunyan Li , Chengtao Wang , QingJin Xu

{"title":"Charging delay elimination of solder impregnated HTS coils with specific excitation current","authors":"Hongjun Zhang , Rui Kang , Ling Zhao , Ao Feng , Wei Li , Jin Zhou , Yaqiang Wang , Rui Ma , Chunyan Li , Chengtao Wang , QingJin Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103880","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103880","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>No-insulation (NI) coil has been recognized as the most practical solution at present to achieve ultra-high magnetic field with the REBCO high temperature superconductor thanks to its passive quench protection mechanism which is originated from the inter-turn current bypass. However, for the NI technique, one of the most important obstacles to a more general application is the field delay which is also a consequence of the lack of inter-turn insulation. The proportional and integral (PI) active feedback control of power supply has been developed to achieve a designed field ramping rate. The efficiency of this method could however be affected by the measurement accuracy of measuring equipment, sampling frequency, control accuracy of power supply and other factors. In this manuscript, we tried to use a more fundamental method to mitigate the field delay. The point is, though unlike in insulated coils the field generated is not proportional to coil current in NI coils, they do have a certain linear relation for a certain coil. Based on the lumped circuit model, the current charging curve corresponding to a desired field excitation could be calculated for a NI coil. We verified this method on several solder impregnated no-insulation coils (SINoInCs) to excite their field with different rates, for which the field delay with normal charging method could be very large because of the very low inter-turn resistance. The test results show that this kind of fast excitation method could successfully achieve the desired field with high accuracy and mitigate the field delay from 130 s to almost 0 s. Besides, the large overshoot current introduced by the fast charging does not quench the coils even with an overshoot current which is almost double of the coils’ operating current.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141392504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exergy and pinch assessment of an innovative liquid air energy storage configuration based on wind renewable energy with net-zero carbon emissions 基于风能可再生能源的创新型液态空气储能配置的能效与撮合评估，实现净零碳排放

IF 2.1 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2024-06-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103878

Nazanin Sheikhghaffari , Armin Ebrahimi , Bahram Ghorbani

{"title":"Exergy and pinch assessment of an innovative liquid air energy storage configuration based on wind renewable energy with net-zero carbon emissions","authors":"Nazanin Sheikhghaffari , Armin Ebrahimi , Bahram Ghorbani","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103878","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Given the rising global energy demands and the fluctuating nature of load demand, advancing various energy storage systems to enhance their efficiency is essential. Moreover, the increase in greenhouse gas emissions from various industries has prompted governments to implement carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) capture systems and invest in renewable energy sources. In this research, a cryogenic energy storage configuration is developed according to the air liquefaction process, liquefied natural gas (LNG) regasification operation, CO<sub>2</sub> capture cycle, and organic Rankine plant. During off-peak times, the air entering the energy storage system is compressed and liquefied using wind energy and the cold energy from LNG vaporization, producing 83.12 kg/s of liquid air. During on-peak times, the liquid air and LNG after recovering the cold energy enter the power generation cycle, generating 119 MW of electrical power. This power generation cycle includes a combustion chamber, gas turbine power plant, and organic Rankine cycles. Flue gases from the power generation cycles enter the amine-based CO<sub>2</sub> capture and then the output CO<sub>2</sub> is stored in liquid form. The storage and round-trip efficiencies of the present energy storage configuration are 67.97 % and 62.50 %, respectively. The results of exergy analysis show that the exergy efficiency of the whole system, off-peak, and on-peak sections are calculated as 64.88 %, 82.40 %, and 74.03 %, respectively. The pinch method for multi-stream exchangers (HX6, HX7, and HX8) is accomplished and the exchanger network related to each one is determined. Three-dimensional sensitivity analysis indicates that storage and round-trip efficiencies increase up to 80.45 % and 66.20 %, respectively when the power generation section pressure increases up to 110 bar and compressed air pressure decreases to 135 bar.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141323223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Numerical study on collapsing cavitation bubble dynamics in cryogenic fluids 低温流体中塌缩空化气泡动力学的数值研究

IF 2.1 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2024-06-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103879

Eslam Ezzatneshan, Ashkan Salehi, Hamed Vaseghnia

{"title":"Numerical study on collapsing cavitation bubble dynamics in cryogenic fluids","authors":"Eslam Ezzatneshan, Ashkan Salehi, Hamed Vaseghnia","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103879","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The paper addresses the implementation of a dual distribution function multiphase lattice Boltzmann method (DDF-MLBM) for studying the collapse of cavitation bubbles in cryogenic liquids. The present scheme incorporates the energy equation and imposes interparticle interactions and fluid–solid adhesive forces through the exact difference method (EDM). To accurately model phase changes and the molecular complexities of cryogenic fluids like liquid hydrogen (<span><math><mrow><mi>L</mi><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></math></span>) and liquid nitrogen (<span><math><mrow><mi>L</mi><msub><mi>N</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></math></span>), the Peng-Robinson (PR) equation of state is employed along with an acentric factor. The accuracy of the present numerical technique is evaluated using the Laplace law and the Maxwell equal area construction theorem for a two-phase liquid–vapor system in equilibrium. For transient solutions, the study compares results of heterogeneous cavitation with the analytical solution derived from the thermal Rayleigh-Plesset equation. The research investigates the impact of the distance between a cavitation bubble with an adjacent solid wall on velocity, pressure, temperature, and collapse time. Furthermore, it is assessed how surface wettability influences cavitation bubble collapse intensity. Additionally, the paper examines the collapse of a cavitation bubble cluster and evaluates the effects of different physical parameters on the collapse properties of the bubble cluster. The results underscore the significant influence of the distance between cavitation bubbles in the cluster, the distance between bubbles and the adjacent solid surface on the micro-jet velocity. Moreover, it is found that increasing the contact angle of the solid surface enhances the collapse intensity and micro-jet velocity of the collapsing bubble cluster.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141333416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Magnetic properties and cryogenic magnetocaloric effect in α-Gd2(MoO4)3 compound α-Gd2(MoO4)3化合物的磁性能和低温磁致效应

IF 2.1 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103875

Jiahao Gao , Zuhua Chen , Xinqi Zheng , Guochun Zhang , Shilin Yu , Zhenxing Li , Heng Tu , Jun Shen

{"title":"Magnetic properties and cryogenic magnetocaloric effect in α-Gd2(MoO4)3 compound","authors":"Jiahao Gao , Zuhua Chen , Xinqi Zheng , Guochun Zhang , Shilin Yu , Zhenxing Li , Heng Tu , Jun Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103875","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Magnetic refrigeration technology has received extensive attention due to its application prospects in various fields. The research of magnetocaloric materials is the basis for the development of magnetic refrigeration technology. In this study, the α-Gd<sub>2</sub>(MoO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> was prepared by the high temperature solid state reaction. By X-ray diffraction characterization, α-Gd<sub>2</sub>(MoO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> crystallizes in monoclinic structure (space group C12/c1). Furthermore, its magnetism and magnetocaloric effect are investigated. The magnetic ordering temperature of α-Gd<sub>2</sub>(MoO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> is less than 1.8 K and there is a second-order phase transition. The maximum magnetic entropy changes are 20.8 and 32.7 J kg<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−1</sup> under the field changes of 0–2 T and 0–5 T, respectively. Besides, the refrigeration capacity and relative cooling power are 142.0 and 190 J kg<sup>−1</sup> under field change of 0–5 T. These properties indicate that α-Gd<sub>2</sub>(MoO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> is an excellent candidate for low temperature magnetic refrigeration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141294743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Studies on temperature dependent dielectric properties of some insulators down to liquid helium temperatures 研究某些绝缘体随温度变化的介电性能，直至液氦温度

IF 2.1 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103865

Pankaj Sagar , Kashif Akber

引用次数: 0