Proceedings - The Eleventh International Symposium GRID 2022最新文献

{"title":"Machine learning as a support tool in wastewater treatment systems – a short review","authors":"S. Radović, S. Pap, M. Turk Sekulić","doi":"10.24867/grid-2022-p89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/grid-2022-p89","url":null,"abstract":"Machine learning (ML) is a subset of artificial intelligence (AI). It is based on teaching computers how to learn from data and how to improve with experience. This valuable technique has been increasingly supporting different spheres of life. This includes ML application in enhancement and optimisation of many ecological and environmental engineering solutions, such as wastewater treatment systems (WWTS). Complexity of processes triggers challenges in ensuring good effluent quality by adequate response to dynamic process conditions. That is why techniques such as ML which, after being trained, have strong prediction ability, have been applied in WWTS. ML facilitates understanding of correlation between input features and output targets through a data-driven approach. Different ML models have been used for this purpose. Some of the commonly used were artificial neural network (ANN) or deep neural network (DNN) model, support vector machine (SVM) and its variation support vector regression (SVR) model, random forest (RF) model and many others. More often authors apply a few different models in order to obtain the one that most appropriately works for specific problem. In wastewater management those problems are various, and could include modelling of WWT processes, prediction of certain technology performance, optimisation of technology working parameters, optimisation of the production of the materials there are being used in WWT technology etc. For instance, there are several articles which describes ML power in optimisation of material synthesis (e.g., biochar production). Application of ML led to reduction in number of runs which were necessary for obtaining the best results by applied production procedure, which saved time and was also cost-beneficial. Indeed, ML incorporation in solving or avoiding potential problems within WWTS is a promising approach which has gained more attention in recent years due to the exponential technology development and progress in artificial intelligence application.","PeriodicalId":107864,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - The Eleventh International Symposium GRID 2022","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128296294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lamination of electrophotographic prints","authors":"Bohumil Jašúrek, J. Vališ, M. Šrámková","doi":"10.24867/grid-2022-p10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/grid-2022-p10","url":null,"abstract":"Lamination of electrophotographic prints is more problematic than lamination of prints from conventional printing techniques as is for example offset printing. The main problem is worse adhesion of laminating films and due to partial or full delamination can occurs when prints are mechanically stressed. Often problem is also creation of optical effect called silvering. The aim of this work was to compare adhesion of two laminating films (PKCCO BOPP Thermal Laminating Film and Derprosa™ Matte Premier) to prints from different electrophotographic printers (e.g. Xerox, Canon, Konica-Minolta). The lamination conditions were as follows: lamination speeds 10 and 20 m/min, application temperature 120 ˚C and lamination pressure 400 kPa. The adhesion of the laminating film was evaluated by a Peel tester 1 hour, 1 day and 14 days after lamination. The quality of the lamination after the grooving and bending test was evaluated visually. The last measured parameter was colour difference between laminated and nonlaminated prints and this parameter was evaluated 1 hour and 14 days after lamination.","PeriodicalId":107864,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - The Eleventh International Symposium GRID 2022","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131111365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Didactic methods for achieving improved creativity in teaching graphic design in secondary school formal education","authors":"Marija Toure, Helena Gabrijelčič Tomc","doi":"10.24867/grid-2022-p64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/grid-2022-p64","url":null,"abstract":"In teaching and learning graphic design in a secondary vocational school, we mainly use digital tools for both teaching and learning. According to the curriculum, students in the 2nd and 4th years learn to design various printed and animated content. The work is very creative and students need to be able to visualize their ideas in an appropriate way and with appropriate tools, which is a challenging and complex process. For the teachers, it is a challenge to give instructions for a specific task and to evaluate it, and for the students, it is a challenge how to solve it in the most successful way. With the rapid development of technology and the unstoppable updating of programs, problems arise because students must constantly familiarize themselves with new programs and the variety of new digital tools and techniques, while thinking about how to conceptualize and visualize a particular idea in accordance with the task at hand. As a result, they are unable to focus on their own creativity as they have to constantly learn how to use digital tools that enable them to create a design product. The goal of the research is to create measurable and verifiable data that will help apply an appropriate didactic method to achieve optimal results when teaching graphic design. When teaching the subject matter in the practical classes of graphic design, teachers mainly use 3 didactic methods: Demonstration methods, text methods and video methods (Figure 1). In the research, we determined which didactic method is the most effective in achieving a certain learning goal according to the set task. The methodology included experimental work and interviewing students. In the experimental part, students solved tasks using the method of all three didactic methods and then completed a questionnaire. The survey was completed by 56 students (2nd and 4th year students). Students rated each didactic method on a 5-point Likert scale. The results obtained were statistically analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics. The results of the analysis provide an interesting insight into the creative process of the students in relation to the learning methods. The results of the study show that the choice of an appropriate didactic method or a combination of didactic methods is important both for a student's successful and creative implementation of a design task and for the effective teaching of graphic design.","PeriodicalId":107864,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - The Eleventh International Symposium GRID 2022","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115810128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Readability of 2D codes considering the activation temperature of thermochromic printing inks in smart tags","authors":"Maja Strižić Jakovljević, Sanja Mahović Poljaček, T. Tomašegović, Bernard Strčić","doi":"10.24867/grid-2022-p82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/grid-2022-p82","url":null,"abstract":"Many advantages and applications of 2D codes and functional printing inks have led to the development of Smart Tags. Interactive 2D codes provide the ability to store a large number of various information on a relatively small area and are easy to use. Combined with temperature sensitive thermochromic inks, 2D codes can provide a possibility for making Smart Tags, which could be used in smart packaging applications. In this study, Smart Tag is a temperature – dependent system sensitive to surrounding temperature, which provides information in the form of 2D codes and hidden messages. By combining the information provided by the Smart Tag, it is possible to monitor the temperature conditions of a particular product, create anti – counterfeit elements, and high – temperature warning systems. In this paper, 2D codes will be printed using thermochromic (TC) inks with different activation temperatures (TA) in screen printing technique. Printed 2D codes will be exposed to the defined temperature range around TA, to determine readability of the codes by mobile code scanning. Colorimetric properties of TC inks will also be measured within the defined temperature range. The aim of this paper is to determine which temperature range of a particular TC ink provides readability of 2D codes. The results could help in design and development of 2D code - Smart Tags using functional inks. These kinds of Smart Tags could provide higher level of consumer protection, temperature monitoring of pharmaceutical and cosmetics products, as well as burn – hazard warning systems.","PeriodicalId":107864,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - The Eleventh International Symposium GRID 2022","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115812326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Video games as a learning tool - potential applications in the graphic engineering and design studies","authors":"Bojan Banjanin, Neda Milić Keresteš, Rastko Milošević, S. Adamović, Magdolna Pál","doi":"10.24867/grid-2022-p68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/grid-2022-p68","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout this research, evidence has been accumulating on the positive impact of educational games (serious games) on students' learning and achievement and the impact of non-educational games on different psycho-physical traits. Today's dynamic way of life and almost innate familiarity with technology opens many new possibilities for teaching and can facilitate a better understanding of specific topics. There are numerous applications of video games for educational purposes. This paper aims to give insight into these researches and propose potential applications in a Graphic engineering and design studies. There is not much literature describing and discussing applications of video games in this field of study, and only simulations for specific graphics-related processes are commercially available. Significant findings in various applications of video games are listed and discussed. Some game design guides for implementing video game technology as an educational tool in the field of Graphic engineering and design are proposed.","PeriodicalId":107864,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - The Eleventh International Symposium GRID 2022","volume":"225 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116377154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the colour reproduction quality of inkjet digital printing machines","authors":"S. Yordanov, I. Spiridonov, R. Boeva","doi":"10.24867/grid-2022-p42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/grid-2022-p42","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial digital inkjet printing machines are increasingly entering commercial printing, label, packaging, etc. The quality of printing and the speed of inkjet printing machines are constantly increasing, but in a number of industries such as packaging, labels, etc. there are increased requirements for colour reproduction quality, which requires additional and in-depth research. The main purpose of this article is to study the different quality indicators of the most widely used digital inkjet systems. For the purposes of the experiment were used from the most commonly used in practice materials such as – regular matte and glossy coated paper, uncoated white paper, Jetcoat paper, photo paper - gloss, self-adhesive film - gloss, etc. with standard colour profiles FOGRA 39 and FOGRA 51 and offset uncoated paper with standard colour profiles FOGRA 29 and FOGRA 52. Several test forms with a large number of test charts and various control elements are printed on the aforementioned digital printing presses on different media. Colour gamut (2D and 3D), colour volumes, colour differences, etc. were studied. ICC profiles for the specific printing systems and materials have been generated and 2D visualization and comparison of the colour gamut of the studied media at different values of L and 3D visualization and comparison of the colour gamut of the studied media with standard ICC profile FOGRA.","PeriodicalId":107864,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - The Eleventh International Symposium GRID 2022","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132206104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of typeface with constructivistic properties and renovation of promotional material for memorial room","authors":"Z. Leskovar, Nace Pušnik","doi":"10.24867/grid-2022-p91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/grid-2022-p91","url":null,"abstract":"The diversity that occurs in the field of typography, more specifically in the planning and design of typefaces, plays an important role in our lives and in society more broadly. Therefore, purposeful product planning is important because it can facilitate our everyday communication and understanding of the environment. The goal of the collaborative project was to design a display typeface and use it in revised graphic products that, along with the typeface, fit the client, the Kosovel Memorial Room in Sežana, Slovenia. Srečko Kosovel is a well-known Slovenian poet whose work is representative of the cultural and social movement Constructivism. With new graphic products, we want to contribute to better publicity of Kosovel Memorial Room in Sežana. The theoretical part deals with the study and classification of typefaces in groups and larger sets. We also studied some basic properties of typefaces, contrast, stroke width and spacing, weight and height relationship within typefaces. We investigated the historical development of display typefaces, their properties, and their influence on various graphic products. Based on the content of the Kosovel Memorial Room, we examined the origin and development of the artistic avant-garde movement Constructivism abroad and in Slovenia. We highlighted important events in the life of Srečko Kosovel and familiarised ourselves with his work. Based on the client’s needs, the existing promotional material (brochure, posters, etc.) was analysed in more detail. In addition, we conceptually prepared the typeface design, drawing on his other graphic products. The display typeface was used in revised graphic products that we designed in collaboration with the client. The final products were presented in February 2022 and will continue to promote Srečko Kosovel’s work.","PeriodicalId":107864,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - The Eleventh International Symposium GRID 2022","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132233997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The investigation of edible packaging films based on pullulan and alginate","authors":"N. Vukić, T. Erceg, M. Hadnađev","doi":"10.24867/grid-2022-p48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/grid-2022-p48","url":null,"abstract":"The packaging industry is highly dependent on fossil resources and have serious environmental drawbacks. The largest part of the total volume of plastic waste is generated from food packaging, so new packaging strategies with green materials are required. Using the edible packaging films which are renewable, biodegradable and versatile, can reduce the amount of plastic waste. Also, there is an increasing demand of higher quality foods and a growing interest from consumers for minimally processed fresh-like foods with an extended shelf life. Edible films can be effective barriers which prevent unwanted mass transfers in foods. They can be green alternative to synthetic petroleum-based polymer packaging materials and nowadays this topic is a fast-growing area. Sodium alginate as a natural polysaccharide can be used for edible films with excellent properties such as transparency. But, sodium alginate practical applications in food packaging are limited as single-component because of poor mechanical and barrier properties. At the same time, pullulan is an extracellular and water-soluble microbial polysaccharide with good film-formation properties. The packaging materials made from pullulan and alginate may be better candidates for edible packaging films. The objective of this study was to formulate pullulan and sodium alginate based edible films for food packaging. For that purpose a series of pullulan/alginate films with different ratios were prepared. To improve film flexibility and processability, glycerol was added as plasticizers in the film formulation. Designed films were solvent cast from aqueous polymer solution. Understanding the film-forming mechanism during the drying process is crucial to predict properties of the obtained films, so rheological properties of prepared solutions were investigated. Formulated films have the potential to be used as inner primary packaging and can be manufactured by preparing a film-forming composition and enclosing a food product with the film. Using this kind of packaging material, no waste is generated contributing to the circular economy.","PeriodicalId":107864,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - The Eleventh International Symposium GRID 2022","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130196491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Printability and quality of papers coated with different binders","authors":"Arif Ozcan, Emine Arman Kandirmaz, Omer Bunyamin Zelzele","doi":"10.24867/grid-2022-p35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/grid-2022-p35","url":null,"abstract":"Papers are the most commonly used substrates. A printable paper must have certain properties. These properties include surface smoothness, air permeability, surface energy, colour of the paper, opacity, whiteness, light fastness, gloss, and coefficient of elongation under force. In addition, a good printable paper should not allow ink to pass between its two surfaces. After the papers are produced, they are subjected to surface treatments in order to improve the above-mentioned properties and to provide extra specification. Surface treatments include calendering, surface sizing and coating processes. While filling the recesses and protrusions on the surface with the coating process, the paper's affinity for the ink is increased, and the penetration of the ink to the other surface of the paper is prevented. In the coating process basically, a filler is dispersed in a binder. In this study, it is aimed to obtain the highest quality and most printable paper by changing the type of binder used in the coating. In this study, equal amount (5% w/w) titanium dioxide filler was used in all coating formulations. In coating formulations; cationic starch, hydroxy ethyl cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol polymers were used as binders. Binder amounts are adjusted according to optimum viscosity. The obtained coating formulations were coated on the paper surface with a laboratory type coating device. Colour, gloss, surface smoothness, air permeability, surface energy and surface morphology of the coated papers were determined. It was printed with magenta offset printing ink on three different types of paper coated with different binders, using the IGT C1 offset printability test device, under 400 N/m2 pressure printing conditions. Colour and gloss measurements of the prints were made. As a result; It was determined that three different binders improved the printability parameters.","PeriodicalId":107864,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - The Eleventh International Symposium GRID 2022","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127294649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of answer times in recognition of facial images","authors":"A. Iskra, Helena Gabrijelčič Tomc","doi":"10.24867/grid-2022-p21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/grid-2022-p21","url":null,"abstract":"In visual interaction between people, faces are the element that most attracts observers, so facial images are also an important element of communication between people. The aspect of observing and memorizing facial images has often been the subject of research. When observing facial images, there are two important parameters: the dimensions of the facial images and the observation time. Both of them have a great influence on recognition performance. In our research, we set three different dimensions of face images (small, medium, and large) and four observation times for the observation test (1, 2, 4, and 8 seconds). Since the results of face image recognition success in terms of these parameters have already been reported in other studies, we focused on the observation times for face images in the recognition process. We hypothesized that when participants looked the facial image quickly (short answer times), they were more likely to be convinced of the correctness of the answer and, consequently, fewer false recognitions would occur. In contrast, when participants looked at the face image for a longer time during the recognition process, they hesitated more, and the rate of incorrect recognition was higher because they were not completely sure of their answer. We found that in all 12 cases, the average duration of correct answers was shorter than that of incorrect answers. According to the time distribution of the duration of all answers, we set two limits (2 and 3 seconds) and analyzed the wrong answers according to these time limits. We found that with longer answer times, the proportion of incorrect recognition increased strongly. This is particularly noticeable in the tests where participants observed the facial images for a longer time (8 seconds) and could therefore memorize them better.","PeriodicalId":107864,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - The Eleventh International Symposium GRID 2022","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127438171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}