Proceedings - The Eleventh International Symposium GRID 2022最新文献

{"title":"Legibility of typefaces and preferences of text/background color variations in virtual environment","authors":"A. Agić, L. Mandić, Nikolina Stanić Loknar","doi":"10.24867/grid-2022-p92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/grid-2022-p92","url":null,"abstract":"Text legibility is an important and influential aspect of multimedia, not only on usual multimedia reading devices (displays, tablets, and mobile phones) but also in three-dimensional virtual environments (VE). In VEs, text can be used for many purposes in accordance with the category of experience (gaming, architectural visualization, exhibition, education). Font type used can deteriorate the VE experience if the user has to strain his eyes so that he may correctly read what has been written. The purpose of this research is to examine different fonts in order to determine which properties of a typeface are more suitable for VE. Four different fonts have been tested in 10 font sizes at three viewing distances (5, 10, and 15 meters). Times New Roman as a representative of serif fonts, Helvetica as a non-serif font, Caveat as a representative of handwritten fonts, and Roboto as a font for digital use, initially developed for the Android operating system. Different typographic characteristics of fonts significantly affect readability in VE. Additionally, was explored how the color of the text and the background color influence text readability in 20 combinations. It is known that the relationship between text color and background color affects readability. Since VR is a relatively new medium, we wanted to determine which relationship between colors of text and background is the best and whether it follows some rules present on the web. The colors of the text were black and white, and the colors of the background were black, white and gray, red, green, pastel green, blue, pastel blue, yellow, pastel orange, and pastel pink. Results regarding text color/background color have shown that most participants preferred black text on white background, black text on a gray background, and white text on a pastel orange background. On the contrary, participants rated white text on a yellow background as the least preferable combination, accompanied by white text on a pastel green background.","PeriodicalId":107864,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - The Eleventh International Symposium GRID 2022","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125725834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermochromic prints on beverages packaging: The resistance of printed labels upon ethanol","authors":"Marina Vukoje, Rahela Kulčar, Toni Vrkić, Ana Marošević Dolovski","doi":"10.24867/grid-2022-p12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/grid-2022-p12","url":null,"abstract":"Today, the packaging industry is increasingly transforming, especially in terms of development of new sustainable materials and smart solutions in order to attract customers when choosing products, and to be competitive in the market. The use of colour changing packaging can give added value to the product since this kind of packaging can in that way interact with the consumer and provide a massage upon the product. During its lifecycle, the packaging can be exposed to the influence of various agents, for example the spilling of beverages over the printed labels. For this reason, the prints need to be resistant to certain agents, in this case, ethanol. In the end, the spill of ethanol can cause visual alterations of the print due to the colourants or the substrate itself not being resistant to the particular agent. Thermochromic inks are widely used as indicators for beverage packaging which can often be exposed to different concentrations of alcohol that may affect the functionality of that same indicator. Thermochromic inks differ in their composition from classic printing inks, which in the end results in lower stability when exposed to UV radiation and various chemicals. Thus, this study explores the influence of ethanol on the functionality of TC prints on labels. Different label papers were printed with one TC ink, with an activation temperature of 12°C. The samples were exposed to different concentrations of ethanol (8%, 12%, 25%, 35%, 42% and 96%) to simulate the real conditions in which it is possible to spill different alcoholic beverages on the thermochromic print on the packaging of an alcoholic product. It can be concluded that alcohol affects the stability of microcapsules even in the smallest concentrations because the largest changes of colour were observed at low temperature, while smaller colour changes determined at 23 ° C indicate that the classic process ink is more stable to the influence of alcohol. The results of this test showed that the chemical stability of the thermochromic print depends on both, the printing substrate and the external conditions to which the print is exposed. The results show that the proper choice of printing substrate can improve the stability of the thermochromic print in reaction with ethanol.","PeriodicalId":107864,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - The Eleventh International Symposium GRID 2022","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115745630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multisensory graphic presentation approaches of scientific data","authors":"Helena Gabrijelčič Tomc","doi":"10.24867/grid-2022-p2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/grid-2022-p2","url":null,"abstract":"The use of digitization and virtual, multisensory presentation techniques in the study of natural and environmental processes, industry, technology, history, medicine, etc., the basis of which is scientific data, complements development and research areas, accelerates and facilitates computer-assisted insight and interpretation of results. By dealing with digital information, we not only deepen the research process, but also expand the possibilities of information presentation outside scientific research circles, in society, thus bringing basic knowledge closer to different target groups through interpretive approaches of human-oriented design. Multimedia, interactive, multisensory media, and extended realities are a bridge between the scientific result and the user experience. These media raise awareness and teach people to live with the nature, in the environment, to use the scientific context through the creative design and delivery of digital content. This paper presents some starting points and guidelines of preparing graphic content in a way that holistically and multisensory engages the participants of the experience. At the end some examples of the application of graphical multisensory presentations are shown: documentation, popularization of science at micro and macro levels, analysis and measurement, simulation and training, animation and interactivity, 3D modelling and reconstruction, stylisation and interpretation, argumentation of physical realities and extension into the new reality.","PeriodicalId":107864,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - The Eleventh International Symposium GRID 2022","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124557717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of photopolymer materials in masked stereolithographic additive manufacturing","authors":"Alan Divjak, M. Matijević, K. Hajdek","doi":"10.24867/grid-2022-p46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/grid-2022-p46","url":null,"abstract":"Among the many types of additive manufacturing, stereolithography (SLA) stands out as one of the most versatile technologies, especially in the production of large prototypes of extremely high surface quality. The basic working principle of this technology has not changed for almost thirty years, but the recent rapid development of the mask-based variant of stereolithographic 3D printing technology (MSLA) has significantly increased its popularity and made it available to a wider range of users. This is especially true for MSLA 3D printers that use liquid crystal displays (LCD) for mask forming. These 3D printers are characterized by large build volume, high resolution and speed of model production, and low price. These factors make them extremely attractive for rapid prototyping or small-scale serial production. However, although they are superior to classical laser-based stereolithography in many technical aspects, their current main drawback is the smaller range of available materials. The development of modern stereolithographic technology has clearly shown that the capabilities of 3D printers themselves are just as important as the materials from which the models are made, the diversity of their mechanical characteristics, available colours, and optical properties. The materials used in all variants of SLA technology are liquid thermoset polymers that are sensitive to UV light (photopolymers). A wide range of areas of application requires a wide range of materials that meet the specific needs of each application. MSLA, as a newer technology, still does not have the same range of materials as 3D printers based on the laser variant of stereolithography. The situation is significantly improving with the increase in the number of available MSLA 3D printers, their popularity, and improved technical characteristics, and it can be said that this is the last step in legitimizing MSLA technology as a competitor to laser stereolithography. The aim of this paper is to analyse the material market for MSLA technology, categorize the supply of materials and objectively compare the available materials with those offered by reputable manufacturers of materials for classic SLA 3D laser printers. Special emphasis is placed on the quality and scope of technical specifications of MSLA materials, which is crucial for their professional use. In addition, the impact of thermoset polymers on user health and the environment is an especially important topic, so an overview of plant-based materials was also made.","PeriodicalId":107864,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - The Eleventh International Symposium GRID 2022","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124943939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consumers' socio-demographics influence between purchase intention and actual behavior of environmentally friendly grocery packaging","authors":"Mikah Oliver, Urška Vrabič-Brodnjak, I. Jestratijević","doi":"10.24867/grid-2022-p60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/grid-2022-p60","url":null,"abstract":"Grocery aisles in the United States provide the shocking realization that plastic packaging dominates the grocery industry. This realization raises the question of whether consumers are purchasing food that is not wrapped in plastic but in environmentally friendly packaging. For some consumers, finding food products wrapped in environmentally friendly packaging is not easy as it is not widely available in many United States grocery stores. This study adapted the Theory of Planned Behavior to investigate the relationship between purchase intention and purchasing behavior toward environmentally-friendly grocery packaging. This quantitative study collected 487 usable responses targeting a population of US consumers over 18 years old who purchase groceries. This study uncovered novel findings. This study supplied a fresh perspective on socio-demographics' role in environmentally friendly consumption, confirming that predominantly younger, unmarried consumers are likelier to act upon their intentions by purchasing environmentally friendly grocery packaging. The hope is that these findings provide marketers with fresh insights into the characteristics of consumers willing to purchase environmentally friendly grocery packaging. Results can also give government agencies and brands a clearer perspective on ways to increase consumers' knowledge of environmentally friendly packaging consumption.","PeriodicalId":107864,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - The Eleventh International Symposium GRID 2022","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121870262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the effect of speed and pressure on conductivity in inkjet printed electronic devices","authors":"Arif Ozcan, Emine Arman Kandirmaz, Serdem Coskun","doi":"10.24867/grid-2022-p43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/grid-2022-p43","url":null,"abstract":"We can define printed electronics as the application of printing on a material by means of semiconductor, dielectric and electronic components. This process basically takes place by adding materials that will provide conductivity properties into the printing inks. In addition to printing with traditional printing systems, drop-on demand inkjet printing provides an important advantage in this field thanks to its non-contact and digital patterning capabilities. Therefore, the demand for inkjet printing printable inks based on high-performance electronics is also increasing to expand the scope of possible applications for printed electronics. In recent years, inkjet printing technology has become more and more popular due to its use in various applications such as photovoltaic cells, light-emitting diodes (LED), organic thin-thin transistors, displays, radio frequency identification devices (RFID), smart clothing and sensors. For these applications, the unique feature of inkjet printing technology is that it can print on a wide range of materials and is a digital, contactless and plateless system. We can count other advantages of this technology as low cost and savings from waste. These properties make the inkjet printing technique particularly suitable for printing conductive patterns on a variety of flexible substrates in the manufacture of electronic circuits or devices. The electrical conductivity on the printed material may vary depending on the substrate, printing speed and pressure. For this purpose, a specially prepared test scale with lines of different thicknesses was printed on the polyethylene film material with BENTSAI BT-HH6105B1 Portable Handheld Mobile inkjet printing machine. The effect of machine speed and pressure values on conductivity was observed in the prints made with silver-based conductive inks. As a result, it was concluded that the conductivity value increased as the printing pressure increased at constant speed, and on the other hand, the conductivity value increased as the printing speed decreased when the pressure was fixed.","PeriodicalId":107864,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - The Eleventh International Symposium GRID 2022","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125570661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary report on doodling’s cultural role as intentional art: A study of youth perceptions of aesthetic self-expression and idea helper in branding","authors":"Stephen T. F. Poon","doi":"10.24867/grid-2022-p78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/grid-2022-p78","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of doodles as a self-expression art-form is discussed through a quantitative study on the perceptions of youths towards doodling activity to produce ideas, to develop self-confidence, and in decision making for brands. The intentionality and purposes for doodling have been much critiqued by contemporary visual researchers. This paper considers the function of doodles in visual communication, and how contextual utilisation of doodles as a communication medium impacts individualistic expression as well as influencing consumer decision-making in brand preferences. Research also highlights doodling’s capacity as visual representation of complex information. Primary research in the form of a survey and quantitative analysis of young adults’ perceptions about doodling is analysed. Overall, the survey acknowledges doodle as creative self-expression. The use of visualisation in branding was found to be correlated, however, views about doodle as intentional art were not conclusively proven. Youths perceive doodle’s role symbolically, chiefly in creating self-identity and projecting individualism. Doodling is a highly personal style to communicate or reflect on personal experiences, but the self-confidence to explore doodling in developing ideas is not a habitual practice that is encouraged among youths. Based on the survey, the effectiveness of doodles in branding or marketing practice is questioned as responses were mixed on the application of casual art styles for creative marketing approaches. Findings suggest further observation would enable consumer researchers to better understand doodling’s effectiveness to shape cultural information based on self-expression, and to explore its influence on brand decision making. To conclude, creative industry, design educators, brand owners and industry stakeholders could collaborate to optimise creative solutions to improve perceptions towards doodles and doodling as a visual thinking, information processing and decision-making tool.","PeriodicalId":107864,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - The Eleventh International Symposium GRID 2022","volume":"13 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120926280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The importance of data analysis in the modern era of print production","authors":"Christos Trochoutsos, Yannis Sofias","doi":"10.24867/grid-2022-p94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/grid-2022-p94","url":null,"abstract":"As the role of digital transformation becomes multi-fold in every sector, it generates huge amounts of information that can yield valuable insights at all fields of business and production activity. This has led to an expansion regarding the necessity of data handing and processing. Industry 4.0 is the current trend on automation and data exchange in manufacturing technologies. The elements that are included in Industry 4.0 create the so-called \"smart factory\" concept which indicates the direction towards the total transformation processes for all industries. Data analytics, following data collection, storage and handling, has become a crucial component of any business management system as an integral tool for creating strategies in all major organizations. The printing industry -of course- is not an exception to this rule. Analytic tools are embedded in all major MIS (Management Information Systems) and data are collected throughout the production from prepress to postpress departments. The present paper investigates the structure and formation of data from print management and production and the way that these can be used for providing actual and accurate information for the total business operation of a printing company.","PeriodicalId":107864,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - The Eleventh International Symposium GRID 2022","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127450106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production and printing of solvent-based fluorescent ink for using in anti-counterfeiting documents","authors":"Emine Arman Kandirmaz, Arif Ozcan","doi":"10.24867/grid-2022-p81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/grid-2022-p81","url":null,"abstract":"Security inks are used in areas such as money, expensive products, identity cards, passports. Generally, they are more expensive than conventional inks. A good security ink is expected to be fairly inexpensive and non-replicable. Pigments used in security ink are usually produced from rare earth elements. It is very difficult to produce ink from rare earth elements and high performance ink carrier systems are needed. There is no need for special carrier systems to produce ink from organic fluorescent pigments, and they allow cheaper ink production while reducing reproducibility. In this study, it is aimed to produce ink using organic-based fluorescent pigment. For this purpose, solvent-based ink formulations containing commercial solvent based organic fluorescent blue pigment in different ratios were prepared with polyurethane resin. The prepared inks were printed on the paper surface with the inkjet printing system. The colour properties of the prints obtained were determined under daylight and UV light. In addition, the gloss, adhesion, abrasion resistance, light fastness and drying times of the prints were determined. As a result, it has been determined that the ink produced is transparent in daylight, has a blue glow in UV light and can be used as a security ink in valuable documents.","PeriodicalId":107864,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - The Eleventh International Symposium GRID 2022","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129802916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of multilayered films containing cellulose nanocrystals on the properties of japanese paper","authors":"Gabriela Aleksić, T. Cigula, Katarina Itrić Ivanda","doi":"10.24867/grid-2022-p50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/grid-2022-p50","url":null,"abstract":"Cultural heritage objects are precious witnesses of the past, so our mission is not only to preserve them for future generations, but also make them available or open to the public. Among most fragile historic materials are paper-based materials. They are susceptible to various forms of damage and deterioration, and their preservation presents a challenging task for conservators. In recent years, the use of advanced materials with unique properties has been growing at an increasing rate, even in the traditionally slow-changing cultural heritage sector. This study models how historic paper would be affected by application of multiple coating layers containing different quantities of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). In our study, a 4 % CNCs aqueous suspension was used to treat the samples. In order to form a uniform layer, bar-coating method was used, and in addition, a specific layer thickness was formed in both single and multiple passes. The prepared samples were analysed for their optical properties (colour coordinates, yellowness, opacity, gloss), physical properties (Taber stiffness, weight, thickness) and surface properties (roughness). An increase of wet film deposit thickness (single layer applications) resulted in an increase of paper thickness, grammage, gloss, opacity, yellowness, the ΔE value and Taber stiffness, while its average surface roughness decreased. Multi-layer applications have gradually decreased paper thickness, while Taber stiffness remained unchanged.","PeriodicalId":107864,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - The Eleventh International Symposium GRID 2022","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131577286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}