Proceedings - The Eleventh International Symposium GRID 2022最新文献

{"title":"Effect of perforations on the loss of corrugated cardboard bending stiffness","authors":"Ivan Šarčević, D. Gregor-Svetec, D. Banić","doi":"10.24867/grid-2022-p6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/grid-2022-p6","url":null,"abstract":"Bending stiffness of corrugated cardboard is a structural property that gives rigidity and strength. It depends on macroscopic structure of cardboard, different layers and thickness. The structure of corrugated cardboard used for secondary Shelf Ready Packaging (SRP) is weakened by perforations. Perforations serve as separation line used for converting SRP into the shelf-ready tray. The aim of this paper is to analyse the change of corrugated cardboard bending stiffness under the influence of perforations. The focus is on determining which of the explanatory variables affect the corrugated cardboard bending stiffness the most. The explanatory variables are: Type of perforation, Angle of perforation position and Quality of perforated corrugated cardboard. They are used to explain the variability in a measured property. The specimens with and without perforations were prepared using die cutter with machine-made knives. Three types of perforations (labelled: 1/1, 2/1 and 3/1 with the differences in the ratio of cut to uncut part) were positioned in five defined angles (0°, 20°, 45°, 70°, and 90°, where 0° represents Machine Direction, MD) and tested on three different quality of three-layer Eflute corrugated cardboard. Three-point bending tests were carried out using Instron tensile tester in order to observe the behavior of perforated specimens. Statistical analysis was performed to quantify the effect of perforation variables on the change of corrugated cardboard bending stiffness. The analysis showed that the explanatory variable Angle of perforation position was the most influential and provided the most significant information to explain the variability on the loss of corrugated cardboard bending stiffness. The trend in the measured values between all qualities of corrugated cardboard was obvious: the values decrease as the angle of perforation position increases; therefore, the highest values were for angle 0° and the lowest for angle 90°. A quantitative but not qualitative interaction between Quality and Perforation variables appeared. Hence, the “non-perforation – perforation” relationship was qualitatively always the same, although numerically it appeared somewhat different at different cardboard quality. The lowest loss of bending stiffness in the measured values was observed for the perforation type with the same ratio of cut and uncut part (labelled 1/1).","PeriodicalId":107864,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - The Eleventh International Symposium GRID 2022","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130846868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the line and edge quality of printed letters on recycled paper with straw pulp","authors":"Maja Rudolf, I. Bates, Ivana Plazonić, Valentina Radić Seleš, K. Petric Maretić, Marija Magdalena Mendeš","doi":"10.24867/grid-2022-p33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/grid-2022-p33","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional papermaking is based on the use of an aqueous suspension consisting of cellulose fibres obtained by processing wood, non-wood plants or waste paper. With growing environmental concerns regarding deforestation and CO2 production, the paper industry has been always looking for new sources of non-wood pulp that would produce papers of similar quality to those made from wood pulp. Cereal straw from wheat, barley or triticale crops that remains on fields as a residue after grain harvesting has proven to be a good substitute for virgin wood fibres needed in the production of recycled paper. In this study, the quality of printed text on recycled paper with added straw pulp is evaluated mainly based on the line and edge characteristics of the printed letters. For this purpose, three types of laboratory paper substrates were first prepared using recycled wood pulp with the addition of 30% wheat, barley, or triticale straw pulp. The same letter pattern was printed with black ink on each paper substrate at a standard size of 12 pt with two common typefaces: Arial and Times New Roman. The quality of the printed letters was assessed through the measured print quality parameters such as blurriness, raggedness, fill and contrast. The resulting measurements were compared with the results obtained on the reference and control samples made exclusively from recycled wood pulp as a substrate from laboratory and commercial production. In terms of fill and contrast values, the uniformity of lines printed on the recycled papers with added straw pulp is the same or very similar to the reference and control papers. Letters printed in Arial (sans-serif) typeface show slightly better reproduction quality than letters printed in Times New Roman (serif) typeface. The measured parameters blurriness and raggedness of all laboratory-made paper substrates (with and without straw pulp) had similar values between 0.17 mm and 0.20 mm, resulting in a very similar reproduction quality compared to the reference paper substrate.","PeriodicalId":107864,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - The Eleventh International Symposium GRID 2022","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125488661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary report on properties and interaction of layers in “board-biodegradable primer-printing ink” screen-printed system","authors":"T. Tomašegović, Sanja Mahović Poljaček, Tomislav Hudika, Andrea Marče","doi":"10.24867/grid-2022-p80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/grid-2022-p80","url":null,"abstract":"Surface phenomena in printing are extremely important for understanding and optimizing the interaction of materials involved in the process of graphic reproduction. In order to protect absorbent printing substrates from moisture penetration, to strengthen mechanical properties or to ensure better adhesion of the printing ink to the substrate, the substrates are often coated with protective coatings (primers) before printing. The adhesion parameters between the coating and the printing ink then become extremely important for assessing the durability, but also the quality of the print. In this research, biodegradable primers (polycaprolactone and polylactic acid) were applied on a board substrate with the primary aim of reducing the permeability to water vapour in combination with printed ink layers. Two types of water-based screen printing inks were printed on the primed substrates: ink prepared using the transparent base, and the ink prepared using the opaque white base. Two meshes with different screen count were used (32 l/cm and 60 l/cm). The research focused on the possibility of reducing the water vapour transmission rate using the inks and biodegradable primers, and at the same time analysing the interaction of biodegradable primers and printing inks by determining the surface and interfacial properties in the \"printing substrate-primer-printing ink\" system. The results of the research have contributed to the optimization of the screen-print quality on the primed absorbent and porous substrates.","PeriodicalId":107864,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - The Eleventh International Symposium GRID 2022","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123560786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of new UV LED curable inkjet varnishes","authors":"Bohumil Jašúrek, J. Vališ, T. Syrový","doi":"10.24867/grid-2022-p9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/grid-2022-p9","url":null,"abstract":"We have prepared three UV curable varnishes for inkjet printing that can be cured by UV LEDs (365–395 nm). The advantages of UV LEDs compared to medium pressure mercury lamps (conventional source of UV radiation) are lower energy consumption, possibility of immediate switching on/off, no IR radiation, no ozone generation and are mercury free. UV LEDs cannot effectively (or at all) cure formulations designed for mercury lamp curing. Developed UV varnishes enable the creation of special varnish effects on printed substrates (including 3D) thanks to partial curing with UV LEDs. Evaluated properties of prepared varnishes were viscosity, surface tension, reactivity, long-term stability and printability. The printing properties of prepared UV curable varnishes were tested on commercially available inkjet printing machine (Spotmatic 36, KOMFI). The cured varnish layers (thickness 20 and 40 μm) were evaluated in terms of mechanical properties (adhesion, elasticity) and optical properties (yellowness). Namely, the study of mechanical properties included the evaluation of adhesion by Tape test, quality of the varnish layer with respect to cutting and grooving, and elasticity/adhesion of grooved varnish layers after folding (180 °). Results showed that prepared UV LED curable varnishes have very good elasticity and adhesion to various printing substrates and enables further trouble-free mechanical processing of varnished products, such as cutting, grooving or bending.","PeriodicalId":107864,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - The Eleventh International Symposium GRID 2022","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114945852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the colour gamut volumes and other reproduction quality parameters of electrophotographical digital printing systems","authors":"I. Spiridonov, S. Yordanov, R. Boeva, Kostadin Kalchev","doi":"10.24867/grid-2022-p41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/grid-2022-p41","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of this article is to study the various quality indicators of industrial electrophotographical digital printing systems. Several test forms with a large number of test charts and various control elements were printed on the aforementioned digital printing and media systems. For the purpose of the study, one of the most common print media was used - mat and glossy coated papers, uncoated papers, Brigh foil gold, Martele Blanc paper, MC Primecoat, PP Silver, etc. with standard colour profiles FOGRA 39 and FOGRA 51 and offset uncoated paper with standard colour profiles FOGRA 29 and FOGRA 52. Colour gamut (2D and 3D), colour volumes, colour differences, etc. were studied. ICC profiles for specific printing systems and materials have been generated and their 3D volumes, 2D areas of different sections in light, medium and dark tones have been studied. Other indicators of the quality of reproduction have been studied, such as - achieved colour differences in relation to the set / desired colour and ISO standards, accuracy of reproduction - colour and geometric, grey balance TVI, etc.","PeriodicalId":107864,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - The Eleventh International Symposium GRID 2022","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115184320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defining cost-effective workflow for a photorealistic 3D character based on a real person using a metahuman framework","authors":"Igor Fijat, Neda Milić Keresteš, Bojan Banjanin","doi":"10.24867/grid-2022-p31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/grid-2022-p31","url":null,"abstract":"The average estimated time for creating a realistic human-like 3D game character using traditional workflow is approximately one hundred hours. Creating corresponding facial animations for the persuasive narrative of 3D characters is even more time-consuming. The manuscript explores the possibilities of creating a personalized digital character according to an actual person within the newlydeveloped technology. The goal of the work involves defining guidelines for the workflow of generating a personalized three-dimensional character based on a real person in the MetaHuman framework. The given detailed insight into the state-of-the-art methodology for creating game characters ensures understanding and reproducibility within a timeframe that is ten times shorter compared to the standard 3D character design workflow.","PeriodicalId":107864,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - The Eleventh International Symposium GRID 2022","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114016847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}