Current Eye Research最新文献

{"title":"The Effects of Tadalafil on Optical Coherence Tomography, Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography and Ganglion Cell Complex Parameters in Patients with Erectile Dysfunction.","authors":"Mohadeseh Feizi, Shohreh Jafari, Ramin Nourinia, Nastaran Mahmoudnejad, Amirhossein Nayebzadeh, Bahareh Kheiri, Mohammad Hasan Shahriari, Amir Ghaffari Jolfayi, Amirreza Veisi","doi":"10.1080/02713683.2025.2523913","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02713683.2025.2523913","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the short and long-term effects of Tadalafil on macular and peri-optic disc choroidal thickness, retinal vascular density, and GCC thickness in patients with erectile dysfunction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with erectile dysfunction who were candidates to treat with 10 mg of Tadalafil every other day and didn't use any type of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5I) in the previous 6 months and had normal eye exams were included. Macular and peri-optic disc choroidal thickness, superficial and deep retinal vascular density, and Macular Ganglion Cell Complex (GCC) thickness were measured before (baseline), one day, and 3 months after Tadalafil treatment. The measurements before and after treatment were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-one eyes of 16 patients with a mean age of 53.7 (42 to 68) years were included. After Tadalafil consumption, the choroidal thickness in the sub-macular (13.8%) and peri-optic disc (14.9%) area and also the vascular density of superficial (9.6%) and deep (9.8%) retinal capillary plexus was increased on the first day. After 3 months, we found a decremental pattern in all initially increased parameters, although sub-macular and peri-papillary choroidal thickness are yet thicker than the baseline. The retinal ganglion cell complex (GCC) average thickness was not significantly changed, neither on the first day nor after three months.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Tadalafil can increase the retinal vascular density and choroidal thickness early after initial consumption but after 3 months the initial increment tend to decrease.</p>","PeriodicalId":10782,"journal":{"name":"Current Eye Research","volume":" ","pages":"1039-1044"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144945981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Proteomic Study of Different Types of Diabetic Macular Edema.","authors":"Shuang Wu, Xin Zhou, Libo Wang, Dongyi Yu, Zhiyue Wang, Xuguo Xu","doi":"10.1080/02713683.2025.2516806","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02713683.2025.2516806","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study investigates distinct protein markers associated with different morphologic features of diabetic macular edema, focusing on diffuse retinal thickening, cystoid macular edema, and cystoid macular degeneration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 48 eyes of 33 patients with diabetic macular edema were included in the study and categorized into the aforementioned groups. Preoperative aqueous humor samples were collected from nine diabetic macular edema patients and subjected to tandem mass spectrometry labeling using tandem mass tags quantitative proteomics analysis to compare protein profiles in the aqueous humor among the different morphologic features of diabetic macular edema.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis revealed that the efficacy of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment was significantly better in the diffuse retinal thickening and cystoid macular edema groups compared to the cystoid macular degeneration group (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Differential expression analysis identified 31 upregulated and 43 downregulated proteins in the diffuse retinal thickening group compared to the cystoid macular degeneration group, with upregulated proteins associated with vasoconstriction, apoptotic processes, complement system, and peptidase inhibitors, and downregulated proteins associated with protein kinase and positive regulation of cell cycle regulation. Similarly, the cystoid macular edema group showed 31 upregulated and 32 downregulated proteins compared to the cystoid macular degeneration group, with upregulated proteins associated with the Wnt signaling pathway and extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction, and downregulated proteins associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL), cholesterol positive regulation. The screening criteria for differentially expressed proteins were fold change >1.2 or <0.83 and <i>P</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Associations were found between cystoid macular degeneration formation and factors like the complement system, apoptotic pathway, and lipid metabolizing factors, providing insights for further understanding diabetic macular edema pathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":10782,"journal":{"name":"Current Eye Research","volume":" ","pages":"1029-1038"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144689161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal Association of Galectins and Diabetic Retinopathy: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.","authors":"Shanshan Yang, Cong Zheng, Qianyin Zheng, Yi Gong","doi":"10.1080/02713683.2025.2516804","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02713683.2025.2516804","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes. Previous observation studies identified the association between Galectins (Gal) and the risk of DR, but the causal relationship between Gal and the risk of DR is still unclear. This study aimed to explore the causal associations between circulating galectins (Gal) family levels and the risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and its phenotypes including proliferative DR (PDR), background DR (BDR), and severe non-proliferative background DR (SNPDR) using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) as instrumental variables (IVs) were identified from previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Qualified SNPs associated with Gals were selected via strict screening process. The causal association between Gal family levels and the risk of DR was analyzed using MR analysis. The main MR method was Inverse variance weighted (IVW). Causal estimates before and after outlier removal were presented as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of IVW indicated that Gal-4 levels were causally related to elevated risk of DR (OR = 1.068, 95%CI: 1.006-1.133), and PDR (OR = 1.084, 95%CI: 1.004-1.169). Gal-3 had causal effect on the risk of SNPDR (OR = 1.455, 95%CI: 1.103-1.919). Gal-3 binding protein was causally associated with higher risk of SNPDR (OR = 1.295, 95%CI: 1.014-1.654). In addition, Gal-9 had causal association with decreased risk of SNPDR (OR = 0.669, 95%CI: 0.491-0.911). Leave-one-out analysis depicted that no individual SNP could affect the causal associations of Gal-4 with DR and PDR, Gal-3, Gal-3 binding protein and Gal-9 with SNPDR.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Gal-4 levels were causally related to elevated risk of DR, and PDR. Gal-3 and Gal-3 binding protein had causal effect on increased risk of SNPDR while Gal-9 had causal effect on decreased risk of SNPDR.</p>","PeriodicalId":10782,"journal":{"name":"Current Eye Research","volume":" ","pages":"1019-1028"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144324634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibition of P2X7R Activation Ameliorates Damage to the Corneas and Corneal Nerves of Rats with Streptozotocin (STZ)-Induced Type 1 Diabetes.","authors":"Yuanyuan Qi, Qian Guo, Qi Li, Wanting Li, Wanjun Zhang, Shaozhen Zhao","doi":"10.1080/02713683.2025.2563129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02713683.2025.2563129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the effect of the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) to the corneas and corneal nerves of rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes as well as the underlying mechanism.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, male Wistar rats were first randomly divided into normal group (NL) and diabetes group (DM). After intraperitoneal injection of STZ, corneal perception, corneal fluorescein staining and the expression of P2X7R mRNA and protein in corneal tissues of NL and DM groups were detected before, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 16 weeks respectively. Then male Wistar rats were randomly divided into NL group, DM group and P2X7R inhibitor group (BBG). Start at 2 weeks after diabetes modeling, the BBG group was intraperitoneally injected with BBG every day. Corneal perception, corneal fluorescein staining, <i>in vivo</i> confocal microscopy, laser scanning confocal microscopy, corneal P2X7RmRNA levels, the mRNA levels of Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), Nerve growth factor (NGF), Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and Growth associated protein-43(GAP-43) of corneal and trigeminal nerve were detected in the three groups at the 6th and 8th week.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mRNA and protein expression of P2X7R was significantly increased as early as 6 weeks after STZ injection and then showing a downward trend, but the corneal perception and corneal fluorescent staining continued to worse. Inhibition of P2X7R activation increased corneal sensitivity, ameliorated corneal epithelial damage, improved corneal subbasal nerve plexus density and length, increased the expression of BDNF in the trigeminal nerve and increased the expression of NPY in the corneal and trigeminal nerves.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The increase of P2X7R expression of diabetic rats was not synchronized with the gradually aggravated corneal injure. Inhibition of P2X7R activation can alleviate diabetes-associated corneal injury, regulate the expression of related neurotrophic factors and neuropeptides, and improve the corneal subbasal nerve plexus.</p>","PeriodicalId":10782,"journal":{"name":"Current Eye Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classifying Indoor Versus Outdoor Environments Using the Actiwatch Spectrum PRO | A 1000 Lux Threshold is Questionable.","authors":"Sunya Abbasi, Shruthi Satheesh, Christine F Wildsoet, Elise N Harb","doi":"10.1080/02713683.2025.2559365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02713683.2025.2559365","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Wearable light sensors allow for a more objective classification of a child's habitual light environment. The aim of this study was to develop an optimal illuminance and/or RGB irradiance thresholds as a proxy for distinguishing between indoor and outdoor environments through empirical analysis of data collected with the Actiwatch Spectrum PRO, as an example of wearable light-sensing technology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Six participants, aged 18-22 y, wore an Actiwatch Spectrum PRO, for two consecutive days as they went about their daily activities. The Actiwatch was configured to record at 30 s epochs, both overall illuminance (lux) and irradiance (µW/cm2), for each of its three wavelength channels (R, G, B). Using the Actiwatch's scoring feature, participants indicated changes in their environment and its type, i.e. indoors or outdoors. For each individual dataset, mean illuminance, as well as mean red, green, and blue irradiances were calculated for each event, i.e. interval spent in a particular environment. Criteria for distinguishing between indoor and outdoor environments were evaluated using ROC analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on the collected data, a 1000 lux white light threshold, which has been commonly used to distinguish between outdoor and indoor settings, resulted in significant misclassification of reported outdoor events (sensitivity: 43.5%, specificity: 93.6%). The use of two time-dependent red light irradiance thresholds covering sunrise to 2 pm, and 2 pm to sunset, proved to more reliably identify outdoor settings (sensitivity: 85.1%, specificity: 82.6%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this small-scale study of the Actiwatch Spectrum Pro, derived red light irradiance thresholds out performed the more commonly used 1000 lux white light threshold in correctly classifying indoor and outdoor environments. In this context, the potential utility of wavelength-dependent irradiance cutoff values warrants further investigation, with due consideration to study-specific differences in geographic locations, climate and season.</p>","PeriodicalId":10782,"journal":{"name":"Current Eye Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive Nomogram for Large-Scale Childhood Myopia Screening and Intervention.","authors":"Rohit Saxena, Manasi Tripathi, Amit Bhardwaj, Vivek Gupta, Radhika Tandon, Praveen Vashist","doi":"10.1080/02713683.2025.2562142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02713683.2025.2562142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To study the correlation between uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCVA) and myopic refractive error among school-aged children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The North India Myopia study is a prospective cohort study in which school children were screened for refractive error. These children were subsequently followed up to note the incidence and progression of myopia. The methodology of the study is as previously described. Children with UCVA < 3/60 were excluded for this analysis, since they are more likely to be associated with other ocular pathologies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 9884 children screened, 1463 children fulfilled the inclusion criteria for this analysis. UCVA was plotted against the mean prescribed Spherical equivalent (SE), with a 95% confidence interval. Marginal predictions of prescribed power according to UCVA were calculated using linear regression, enabling the development of a nomogram to estimate the closest SE based on UCVA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is a steady correlation between the UCVA and degree of myopic refractive error among school going children. This correlation has been utilized to develop this nomogram that may help predict myopic refractive error on the basis of uncorrected visual acuity. Large scale studies are needed for the validation of this nomogram in different populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":10782,"journal":{"name":"Current Eye Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145079763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Extended Lens-Induced Myopia on Retinal Structure and Function in Mice.","authors":"Yajing Yang, Yohei Tomita, Deokho Lee, Shin-Ichi Ikeda, Xiaoyan Jiang, Kazuno Negishi, Kazuo Tsubota, Toshihide Kurihara","doi":"10.1080/02713683.2025.2557590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02713683.2025.2557590","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate time-dependent structural and functional retinal alterations in a mouse model of prolonged lens-induced myopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Myopia was induced in male C57BL/6J mice by fitting -30 D lenses on both eyes starting at postnatal week 3. Mice were assigned to either a long-term induction group (3-9 weeks of age) or a short-term induction group (3-6 weeks of age). Separate groups fitted with 0 D lenses served as controls. Ocular parameters, including refraction, axial length, choroidal thickness, and retinal thickness were measured at weeks 3, 6, and 9 using an infrared photorefractor and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Retinal function was assessed by dark-adapted electroretinography at week 9 for the long-term group and at week 6 for the short-term group. Statistical analyses included two-way repeated-measures ANOVA followed by Bonferroni's post hoc test for comparisons across groups and time points, and two-tailed unpaired <i>t</i>-test or one-way ANOVA with Fisher's LSD post hoc test for group comparisons at individual time points.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After 6 weeks of myopia induction, the long-term myopia group exhibited significant reduction in refraction, axial length elongation, and choroidal thickness thinning. Inner retinal thickness was markedly reduced, and electroretinography revealed attenuated amplitudes and delayed implicit times of the oscillatory potentials.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Prolonged lens-induced myopia in mice induces time-dependent structural and functional retinal alterations, particularly in the inner layers. This model underscores the significance of early retinal monitoring under long-term myopic conditions and serves as a platform for investigating retinal vulnerability and developing preservation strategies over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":10782,"journal":{"name":"Current Eye Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145069225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reverse Regulation of Th1 and Treg Immune Responses by P2X7 Receptor: A Possible Cause of the Progression of Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis.","authors":"Yahui Cao, Xiaoxiang Peng, Shuping Luo, Yanan Du, Ronglan Zhao","doi":"10.1080/02713683.2025.2553644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02713683.2025.2553644","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To study the regulatory effects and mechanisms of P2X7 receptors(P2X7R) on CD4⁺ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and pathogenic CD4⁺ T effector cells (Th1 cells).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this research, an experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) mouse model was established to investigate the impact of P2X7R on Th1 and Treg immune responses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the initial stage of EAU, appropriate activation of P2X7R leads to an enhanced Th1 immune response, including an increased proportion of CD4⁺ IFN-<i>γ</i>⁺ Th1 cells, increased production of cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-<i>α</i>) and interferon-gamma (IFN-<i>γ</i>), and upregulation of transcription factor T-bet expression. Conversely, activation of P2X7R resulted in inhibition of Treg immune response, including a reduced proportion of CD4⁺Foxp3⁺Tregs, a decreased in cytokines transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-<i>β</i>) and interleukin-10 (IL-10), and a downregulation of the transcription factor Foxp3 expression. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signal and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) may be related to these effects. Interestingly, we observed that both Th1 and Tregs immune responses were reduced in <i>P2rx^-</i>^/<i>^-</i> mice compared with <i>P2rx7</i>^+/+ mice.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings indicate that the promoting role of P2X7R in the early pathogenesis of EAU may be related to the contrary regulation of Th1 cells and Tregs, providing a new theoretical basis for the development of P2X7R targeted therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":10782,"journal":{"name":"Current Eye Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144945979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Could a Preservative Have Prevented the Extremely-Drug Resistant <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Artificial Tears Associated Eye Infection Outbreak of 2023?","authors":"Eric G Romanowski, Michael E Zegans, Robert M Q Shanks","doi":"10.1080/02713683.2025.2553642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02713683.2025.2553642","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The 2023 outbreak of extensively drug resistant (XDR) <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (PA) eye infections was linked to the use of non-preserved, multi-use artificial tears purchased online. The lack of preservatives has been attributed to be the predominant factor in the outbreak. This led us to the current study for which the goal was to determine whether common ophthalmic preservatives could eliminate the outbreak XDRPA and other PA keratitis isolates.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Time-kill studies were performed in Mueller-Hinton broth (MHB) and phosphate buffered saine (PBS) on 3 PA strains including the XDRPA outbreak strain. Preservatives assessed were benzalkonium chloride (BAK) 0.04%, 0.01%, and 0.004%, Polyquaterium-1 (Polyquad) (PQ) 0.001%, Sodium Perborate (SP) 0.1%, and EDTA 0.1%. In addition, time-kill assays were performed using preserved and a non-preserved commercially-available artificial tears.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BAK 0.04% and 0.01%, and PQ eliminated all PA isolates in both media after 4 h. BAK 0.004% and SP eliminated all PA strains in PBS at 1 h but did not produce bactericidal 99.9% decreases in MHB over 24 h. EDTA did not produce a bactericidal effect in either media. Artificial tears containing sorbic acid 0.25% and edetate disodium 0.1%, PQ, SP, and PURITE eliminated the PA strains within 24 h.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Several common preservatives were effective in eliminating PA strains including the outbreak strain CDC1270. Preservative efficacy was delayed or inhibited in rich media (MHB) compared to PBS. These results suggest that the 2023 outbreak could have been prevented by using a common preservative in the artificial tears.</p>","PeriodicalId":10782,"journal":{"name":"Current Eye Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144945918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perfluorohexyloctane Eye Drops in Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women with Dry Eye Disease Associated with Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: A Post Hoc Analysis of a Phase 3 Trial.","authors":"Yihua Zhu, Jing Xie, Xiaoru Shi, Yabin Sun","doi":"10.1080/02713683.2025.2549289","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02713683.2025.2549289","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Sex hormone changes, often occurring during menopause, are implicated in meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and evaporative dry eye disease (DED). This study aimed to evaluate whether menopausal status affects the treatment outcomes of perfluorohexyloctane eye drops.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This post hoc analysis used data from a phase 3 trial (NCT05515471) of perfluorohexyloctane eye drops in patients with DED associated with MGD. The efficacy and safety of perfluorohexyloctane compared with 0.6% saline were evaluated within each menopausal status subgroup (premenopausal or postmenopausal), and the interaction between treatment and menopausal status was assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 245 women (94 postmenopausal and 151 premenopausal) were included. In the postmenopausal subgroup, the propensity score weighted least-squares mean differences (LSMD) in changes from baseline to day 57 in total corneal fluorescein staining (tCFS) score and eye dryness score (EDS) between perfluorohexyloctane and saline were -1.0 (95% CI, -2.0, 0.0) and -7.9 (95% CI, -15.6, -0.2), respectively. In the premenopausal subgroup, the propensity score weighted LSMD in changes from baseline to day 57 in tCFS score and EDS were -1.4 (95% CI, -2.3, -0.5) and -14.0 (95% CI, -20.3, -7.8), respectively. Both subgroups showed improvements in some DED symptoms. No statistically significant interaction was observed between menopausal status and treatment across all measured outcomes. Perfluorohexyloctane was well tolerable in both subgroups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Perfluorohexyloctane eye drops improved signs and symptoms of DED associated with MGD and were safe in both postmenopausal and premenopausal women. Further studies are needed to confirm the influence of menopausal status on perfluorohexyloctane efficacy.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT05515471.</p>","PeriodicalId":10782,"journal":{"name":"Current Eye Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144945953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}