Critical reviews in analytical chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Rapid and Nondestructive Techniques for Quality Assessment of Tofu: A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Shuo Ma, Tingting Shen, Yuerong Feng, Guoxin Jing, Xiangyu Shi, Jiyong Shi","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2026.2700611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2026.2700611","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tofu is a traditional soy-based food of global importance, requiring stringent quality control to ensure safety and support industrial modernization. However, real-time monitoring in industrial-scale production is challenging because traditional methods are subjective, time-consuming, and destructive. In response to this challenge, a suite of rapid detection technologies based on optical, electrochemical, sensor, and physical field principles has emerged as a transformative solution. These technologies enhance detection speed, accuracy, and functionality, thus enabling the intelligent upgrading of the tofu industry. This review comprehensively summarizes and critically evaluates recent advancements in rapid detection methods for tofu, encompassing near-infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, hyperspectral imaging, electronic nose/tongue, low-field nuclear magnetic resonance, ultrasonic testing, and photoelectrochemical sensors. For each technology, the underlying principles, application performance, and representative case studies are elucidated. In addition, persistent challenges such as model robustness, signal interference, and lack of standardization are analyzed. Finally, future trends are foreseen, with emphasis placed on multi-technology integration, intelligent automation driven by artificial intelligence, and the development of portable and online systems. This work aims to serve as a valuable reference for guiding future research and promoting the practical application of rapid detection technologies in the tofu industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148469486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DNA Hydrogel-Based Biosensors for Circulating Tumor Cell and Extracellular Vesicle Detection: An Analytical Chemistry Perspective on Clinical Translation.","authors":"Min Hou, Ang Li, Peiwen Zhu, Xiaohua Hou, Die Long, Yulin Li","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2026.2701972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2026.2701972","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Liquid biopsy enables noninvasive cancer detection through circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs), yet current technologies face challenges in sensitivity, specificity, and clinical scalability. DNA hydrogels-three-dimensional nucleic acid networks with sequence-programmable recognition and stimulus-responsive behavior-have emerged as promising platforms to address these limitations. This review critically evaluates DNA hydrogel-based biosensors for CTC and EV detection, encompassing design principles, functionalization strategies (aptamers, DNAzymes, nanomaterials), separation/enrichment approaches, and multimodal detection methods including electrochemical, optical, and magnetic resonance platforms. We introduce a unified Analytical Figures of Merit (AFoM) framework for standardized performance evaluation, define the Clinical-Analytical Translation Gap (CATG) to quantify performance degradation in clinical matrices, and present a systematic gap analysis revealing that fewer than 5% of studies report batch-to-batch reproducibility and over 80% lack validation in unprocessed clinical specimens. Despite remarkable programmability and multifunctional integration, DNA hydrogel biosensors require rigorous inter-laboratory reproducibility studies, systematic CATG characterization, head-to-head comparisons with FDA-cleared reference methods, and standardized analytical reporting before clinical translation can be realized.</p>","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-31"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148469410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances in Detection Technologies for Melamine in Food Matrices.","authors":"Qianru Meng, Feijie Wang, Shiqiang Ouyang, Jinghan Zhang, Zhongli Liu, Yueming Hu, Yan Ma, Shufeng Ma, Li-Qiang Wang","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2026.2701975","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10408347.2026.2701975","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Food safety remains a major concern in global public health and regulatory governance. The illicit adulteration of melamine in food products has raised persistent concerns in food safety due to its potential health risks and the limitations of conventional protein determination methods. This review critically summarizes recent advances in melamine detection in food matrices, covering its physicochemical properties, recognition mechanisms, and major strategies, including conventional physicochemical analysis, optical and spectroscopic detection, electrochemical sensing, molecular recognition, and intelligent integrated platforms. Conventional chromatographic and mass spectrometric methods remain the gold standard for regulatory confirmation, but require costly instrumentation and complex pretreatment. Emerging optical, electrochemical, molecular recognition, and intelligent systems offer rapid, portable, and high-throughput screening, yet still face matrix interference, limited stability, reproducibility issues, insufficient standardization, and challenges in large-scale implementation. Future research should improve robustness, selectivity, portability, data-processing capability, and validation standards. Overall, this review provides a critical assessment of current melamine detection technologies and offers insights into developing practical, reliable, and intelligent platforms for food safety monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-32"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148435492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances in Nano Sorbent Materials for Solid-Phase Microextraction in Forensic Drug Analysis: Design, Functionalization, and Analytical Performance.","authors":"Amal Al-Mosa, Sami Ullah, Abubakr M Idris","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2026.2690150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2026.2690150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) has evolved into a key sample preparation technique in forensic drug analysis due to its solvent-free operation, high sensitivity, and compatibility with complex matrices. This review critically evaluates recent advances (2018-2025) in SPME sorbent materials, with particular emphasis on their design, functionalization, and analytical performance. Advanced sorbents, including metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) materials, and polymeric ionic liquids (PILs), demonstrate significant improvements over conventional coatings such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and polyacrylate (PA). Reported enhancements include up to 24-fold higher adsorption capacity (SPME Arrow), 1.7-2245-fold increases in enrichment factors (COF-based sorbents), and LOD as low as ≤ 0.25-2 ng/mL in biological matrices. Recovery rates across advanced materials typically range from ∼77% to >100%, with hybrid and HLB-based systems achieving 81-120% and improved matrix tolerance. Additionally, CNT- and MOF-based sorbents exhibit high durability, maintaining performance over 50-300 extraction cycles, while MIP-based systems provide high selectivity with protein exclusion up to 98%. The review systematically correlates sorbent chemistry, fabrication strategies, and extraction mechanisms with analytical figures of merit, including sensitivity, linearity, and precision. By integrating these quantitative comparisons, this work highlights how rational sorbent design enhances extraction efficiency, reduces matrix effects, and improves reproducibility. The findings provide a comprehensive framework for selecting and developing next-generation SPME materials to support reliable, high-throughput, and legally defensible forensic drug analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-45"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148445016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vibrational Spectroscopy of Clinical Biofluids: Advances in FTIR and Raman-Based Biomarker Discovery for Disease Diagnosis and Monitoring.","authors":"Picheswara Rao Polu","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2026.2702636","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10408347.2026.2702636","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human biofluids carry a continuously updated molecular record of systemic health, yet their diagnostic potential remains largely untapped by conventional single-analyte assay platforms. Fourier-transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy, including attenuated total reflection FTIR, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and FT-Raman, generate label-free spectral fingerprints encoding protein, lipid, nucleic acid, and metabolite composition of biological fluids within a single acquisition. Across five clinically accessible biofluids, namely serum, urine, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, and tear fluid, diagnostic accuracies of 80-100% have been demonstrated for cancers, neurodegenerative, metabolic, infectious, and renal conditions, with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy achieving femtomolar sensitivity through plasmonic nanoparticle enhancement. Machine learning has transformed raw spectra into clinically actionable classifiers, with deep learning outperforming classical chemometric methods in multi-class discrimination. Portable instrumentation, microfluidic substrates, federated learning, and open spectral databases progressively resolve barriers of inter-instrument variability and pre-analytical irreproducibility. Structured multi-centre clinical investment is the outstanding requirement for realization as frontline diagnostic tools.</p>","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-26"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148430019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D Biosensors: Current Status in Optical and Electrochemical Point-of-Care Applications.","authors":"B Doga Gok, Nuno F Santos, Sónia O Pereira, António J S Fernandes, Claudio Parolo, Florinda M Costa, Luis Baptista-Pires","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2026.2699447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2026.2699447","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vitamin D plays a critical role in human health, and its deficiency has been associated with dysfunction across multiple physiological systems, contributing to a wide range of medical conditions, including cancer, infertility, and immune-related disorders. Accurate and prompt quantification of vitamin D levels is therefore essential, as it enables personalized supplementation strategies that may lead to meaningful improvements in patients' lives. In this review, the emerging role of point-of-care (POC) technologies in vitamin D assessment is examined by focusing on three main aspects: (i) how POC platforms expand the analytical capabilities available to clinicians and researchers by providing faster, lower-cost, and more patient-centered alternatives to conventional laboratory-based assays; (ii) how early and decentralized monitoring of vitamin D levels may support improved prevention and management of vitamin D-related conditions; and (iii) a critical overview of current optical and electrochemical biosensing strategies for vitamin D detection and quantification. Finally, both proof-of-concept biosensors and commercially available devices are discussed, with emphasis on their technological readiness, physiological relevance, and compliance with the RE-ASSURED criteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148419485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging Analytical Methodologies for Micro- and Nano-Plastics Detection in Human Samples: Analytical Challenges and Health Risk Perspectives.","authors":"Jyoti Varma, Jeganathan Chinnadurai, Pei-Chien Tsai, Pawan Sharma, Venkata Naga Srikanth Garikipati, Gangadhar Andaluri, Yuan-Chung Lin, Po-Chin Huang, Yi-Hsun Chen, Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2026.2695420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2026.2695420","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) are increasingly detected in human tissues and biofluids, raising concerns about their potential health impacts. Yet, despite growing evidence of human exposure, reliable characterization of these particles remains a major analytical challenge. This review critically evaluates sample-preparation strategies, detection methodologies, and toxicological evidence for MNPs in human biological samples. MNPs have been detected across major human organ systems and biofluids. Sample preparation strongly affects MNP analytical accuracy and inter-study comparability; harsh digestion reduces matrix interference but may degrade polymers, whereas milder treatments preserve particles but leave organic residues. These methodological tradeoffs contribute substantially to variability among studies and complicate cross-study comparisons. Although experimental evidence indicates that particles smaller than 10 µm can induce oxidative stress, inflammation, and cellular dysfunction, current epidemiological evidence linking MNP exposure to human disease remains largely correlational. Comparative assessment of microscopy-based approaches, vibrational spectroscopy, and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry reveals that no single analytical technique can simultaneously provide accurate particle sizing, polymer identification, and mass quantification. We highlight critical limitations of various techniques, including quantification, morphological information, resolution, and the potential for false-positive polymer assignments arising from sample preparation methodologies, residual biological matrices, and their pyrolysis products. Furthermore, nanoplastics, the fraction considered most biologically relevant, remain severely under-quantified because their dimensions fall below the practical detection limits of most routine analytical methods. Standardized protocols, certified reference materials, validated nanoplastic detection methods, and integrated multi-analytical detection strategies are urgently needed to advance reliable MNPs biomonitoring, improve inter-study comparability, and establish robust exposure-risk assessments.</p>","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148419439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, Crystallographic Studies and Sensing Applications of Amide-Functionalized Luminescent MOFs: A Review.","authors":"Manpreet Kaur, Rupy Dhir, Ashok Kumar Malik","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2026.2695919","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10408347.2026.2695919","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Luminescent metal-organic frameworks (LMOFs), a subclass of MOFs integrating metal clusters with organic linkers, exhibit intrinsic photoluminescence alongside high porosity and structural tunability. Compared to conventional MOFs, LMOFs offer superior photo stability, rapid response, and strong host-guest interactions, making them ideal for sensing applications. Functionalization with amide groups <i>via</i> pre- or post-synthetic modification introduces specific binding sites that enhance selectivity toward a diverse range of analytes, including metal ions, anions, biomolecules, explosives, gases, and small solvent molecules. This review summarizes recent advances in the synthesis and sensing performance of amide-functionalized LMOFs.</p>","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148403936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Matrix Effects and Analytical Instability in Pharmaceutical Bioanalysis: Current Challenges and Future Directions.","authors":"Hemn A H Barzani, Rebaz Anwar Omer, Nergz Bayiz Abdulrahman, Hunar Yasin Muhammad, Ali Sedeeq Noaman, Kovan Dilawer Issa, Seerwan Hamadameen Sulaiman","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2026.2698067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2026.2698067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pharmaceutical bioanalysis plays a central role in drug development, therapeutic drug monitoring, pharmacokinetics, metabolomics, and clinical diagnostics; however, the increasing complexity of biological and pharmaceutical matrices has created major analytical challenges related to matrix effects and analyte instability. Endogenous compounds such as phospholipids, proteins, salts, metabolites, and formulation excipients can interfere with chromatographic separation and electrospray ionization, leading to ion suppression or enhancement, signal fluctuations, reduced sensitivity, and compromised quantitative accuracy. In addition, hydrolysis, oxidation, photodegradation, enzymatic degradation, and adsorption processes can significantly affect analyte stability during sample collection, storage, preparation, and LC-MS analysis. This review critically evaluates the mechanistic basis of matrix effects and analytical instability in pharmaceutical bioanalysis and highlights recent advances in intelligent analytical technologies designed to improve analytical robustness, reproducibility, and sustainability. Advanced sample preparation strategies, including selective SPE, phospholipid-removal systems, MIP, and microextraction technologies, together with modern LC-MS platforms such as UHPLC-MS/MS and HRMS, have significantly enhanced trace-level pharmaceutical analysis in complex matrices. Furthermore, artificial intelligence-assisted workflows, microfluidics, biosensors, and omics-based analytical systems are transforming pharmaceutical bioanalysis toward automated and smart analytical ecosystems. Future pharmaceutical bioanalysis is expected to integrate intelligent, sustainable, and highly automated analytical systems that combine AI-driven analytics, advanced LC-MS technologies, green and white analytical chemistry principles, and harmonized regulatory frameworks to improve clinical applicability, analytical reliability, and environmental sustainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-30"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148410577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Progress in Ag-Nanoparticles-Based Hybrid Substrates for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy: Mechanisms, Stability, and Sensitivity (2020-2026).","authors":"Nurul Mutmainnah Ramlan, Isnaeni Isnaeni, Dahlang Tahir","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2026.2698870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2026.2698870","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has emerged as a powerful analytical technique for ultrasensitive molecular detection; however, practical sensing performance strongly depends on substrate architecture, hotspot stability, and interfacial interactions rather than plasmonic metal selection alone. Among various plasmonic materials, Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) remain the most widely investigated SERS components due to their outstanding electromagnetic enhancement (EM) capability, although their practical application is often limited by oxidation, signal instability, and poor reproducibility under complex operating conditions. In this review, we provide a comprehensive and architecture-oriented analysis of Ag NPs-based hybrid SERS substrates reported from 2020 to 2026, with emphasis on sensitivity, long-term material stability, reproducibility, and practical applicability. Major hybridization strategies, including Ag-metal, Ag-metal oxide, Ag-2D material, Ag-MOF, multi-component, and flexible hybrid systems, are comparatively discussed to elucidate the relationships among hybrid structure, hotspot engineering, interfacial charge transfer, and sensing performance. Comparative analysis reveals that SERS sensitivity cannot be predicted solely from EM, as effective hotspot utilization, molecular adsorption behavior, and chemical enhancement (CE) pathways also play decisive roles in determining analytical performance. Furthermore, recent advances in flexible and multi-component hybrid substrates demonstrate promising applicability for food safety, environmental monitoring, and biomedical sensing through improved stability, reproducibility, and matrix compatibility. Overall, this review proposes a unified structure-hotspot-charge-transfer framework and highlights current challenges, practical limitations, and future directions for the rational development of robust and application-ready Ag NPs-based hybrid SERS platforms.</p>","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-30"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148403897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}