A Comprehensive Review on Shilajit: What We Know about Its Chemical Composition.

IF 4.2 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Critical reviews in analytical chemistry Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-22 DOI:10.1080/10408347.2023.2293963

Elham Kamgar, Massoud Kaykhaii, Joanna Zembrzuska

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Shilajit, a natural material known for thousands of years, is primarily famous because it was the main constituent used for the mummification of bodies by dynastic Egyptians. However, for millennia, it has also been an important drug and supplement in traditional and modern medicine. A full search of Shilajit in the literature, reveals that its chemical composition is not known with certainty. That's due to the fact that surprisingly, no comprehensive chemical analysis has ever been performed to find all the chemicals and species present in it. Moreover, its source is not known; some believe that it is formed from dead plant residues or animal excrements, and some others believe it is a mineral secreted from rocks gradually. In this review article, it is tried to gather chemical property information available regarding this soft, mysterious black material to clarify what it is composed of and what formulation commercial supplements and drugs based on Shilajit may have. While there are many differences in the chemical compositions of Shilajit from various regions, it has been discovered that more than 80% of weight of Shilajit is mainly composed of humic substances and almost 20% of its weight consists of calcium, potassium, and magnesium. It also contains amino acids (mainly glycine) and proteins, fatty acids, bioactive compounds such as caffeic acid and gallic acid, and heavy metals including chromium, selenium, and cobalt.

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关于 Shilajit 的综合评论：我们对其化学成分的了解

希拉吉特是一种已知的天然材料，已有数千年的历史，它之所以闻名于世，主要是因为它是埃及王朝用来制作木乃伊的主要成分。不过，千百年来，它也是传统和现代医学中的一种重要药物和补充剂。在文献中全面搜索夏拉杰特后会发现，它的化学成分并不确切。这是因为令人惊讶的是，从来没有进行过全面的化学分析，以找到其中存在的所有化学物质和种类。此外，它的来源也不清楚；有人认为它是由植物死后的残渣或动物排泄物形成的，还有人认为它是从岩石中逐渐分泌出来的一种矿物。在这篇综述文章中，我们试图收集有关这种柔软、神秘的黑色物质的化学特性信息，以澄清它的组成成分，以及基于希拉吉特的商业补充剂和药物可能具有的配方。虽然不同地区的夏拉吉的化学成分有许多差异，但人们发现，夏拉吉重量的 80% 以上主要由腐殖质组成，近 20% 的重量由钙、钾和镁组成。此外，它还含有氨基酸（主要是甘氨酸）和蛋白质、脂肪酸、生物活性化合物（如咖啡酸和没食子酸）以及重金属（包括铬、硒和钴）。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Critical reviews in analytical chemistry 化学-分析化学

CiteScore

12.00

自引率

4.00%

发文量

137

审稿时长

6 months

期刊介绍： Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry continues to be a dependable resource for both the expert and the student by providing in-depth, scholarly, insightful reviews of important topics within the discipline of analytical chemistry and related measurement sciences. The journal exclusively publishes review articles that illuminate the underlying science, that evaluate the field''s status by putting recent developments into proper perspective and context, and that speculate on possible future developments. A limited number of articles are of a "tutorial" format written by experts for scientists seeking introduction or clarification in a new area. This journal serves as a forum for linking various underlying components in broad and interdisciplinary means, while maintaining balance between applied and fundamental research. Topics we are interested in receiving reviews on are the following: · chemical analysis; · instrumentation; · chemometrics; · analytical biochemistry; · medicinal analysis; · forensics; · environmental sciences; · applied physics; · and material science.