Critical Reviews in Microbiology最新文献

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A comprehensive review of Bifidobacterium spp: as a probiotic, application in the food and therapeutic, and forthcoming trends. 全面回顾双歧杆菌属:作为益生菌、在食品和治疗中的应用以及未来趋势。
IF 6 2区 生物学
Critical Reviews in Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-08 DOI: 10.1080/1040841X.2023.2243617
Lejaniya Abdul Kalam Saleena, Sui Kiat Chang, Khanom Simarani, Kantha Deivi Arunachalam, Rarinthorn Thammakulkrajang, Yu Hsuan How, Liew Phing Pui
{"title":"A comprehensive review of <i>Bifidobacterium spp</i>: as a probiotic, application in the food and therapeutic, and forthcoming trends.","authors":"Lejaniya Abdul Kalam Saleena, Sui Kiat Chang, Khanom Simarani, Kantha Deivi Arunachalam, Rarinthorn Thammakulkrajang, Yu Hsuan How, Liew Phing Pui","doi":"10.1080/1040841X.2023.2243617","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1040841X.2023.2243617","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recently, more consumers are interested in purchasing probiotic food and beverage products that may improve their immune health. The market for functional foods and beverages that include Bifidobacterium is expanding because of their potential uses in both food and therapeutic applications. However, maintaining <i>Bifidobacterium's</i> viability during food processing and storage remains a challenge. Microencapsulation technique has been explored to improve the viability of <i>Bifidobacterium</i>. Despite the technical, microbiological, and economic challenges, the market potential for immune-supporting functional foods and beverages is significant. Additionally, there is a shift toward postbiotics as a solution for product innovation, a promising postbiotic product that can be incorporated into various food and beverage formats is also introduced in this review. As consumers become more health-conscious, future developments in the functional food and beverage market discussed in this review could serve as a reference for researchers and industrialist.</p>","PeriodicalId":10736,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"581-597"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10231696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Transformation of colitis and colorectal cancer: a tale of gut microbiota. 结肠炎和结肠直肠癌的转变:肠道微生物群的故事。
IF 6 2区 生物学
Critical Reviews in Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-06 DOI: 10.1080/1040841X.2023.2254388
Kai Xia, Renyuan Gao, Lin Li, Xiaocai Wu, Tianqi Wu, Yu Ruan, Lu Yin, Chunqiu Chen
{"title":"Transformation of colitis and colorectal cancer: a tale of gut microbiota.","authors":"Kai Xia, Renyuan Gao, Lin Li, Xiaocai Wu, Tianqi Wu, Yu Ruan, Lu Yin, Chunqiu Chen","doi":"10.1080/1040841X.2023.2254388","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1040841X.2023.2254388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intestinal inflammation modifies host physiology to promote the occurrence of colorectal cancer (CRC), as seen in colitis-associated CRC. Gut microbiota is crucial in cancer progression, primarily by inducing intestinal chronic inflammatory microenvironment, leading to DNA damage, chromosomal mutation, and alterations in specific metabolite production. Therefore, there is an increasing interest in microbiota-based prevention and treatment strategies, such as probiotics, prebiotics, microbiota-derived metabolites, and fecal microbiota transplantation. This review aims to provide valuable insights into the potential correlations between gut microbiota and colitis-associated CRC, as well as the promising microbiota-based strategies for colitis-associated CRC.</p>","PeriodicalId":10736,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"653-662"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10164941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Water and mosquitoes as key components of the infective cycle of Francisella tularensis in Europe: a review. 水和蚊子是欧洲土拉弗氏菌感染周期的关键组成部分:综述。
IF 6 2区 生物学
Critical Reviews in Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.1080/1040841X.2024.2319040
Daniel Herrera-Rodríguez, Sara Jareño-Moreno, Clara Buch-Cardona, François Mougeot, Juan José Luque-Larena, Dolors Vidal
{"title":"Water and mosquitoes as key components of the infective cycle of <i>Francisella tularensis</i> in Europe: a review.","authors":"Daniel Herrera-Rodríguez, Sara Jareño-Moreno, Clara Buch-Cardona, François Mougeot, Juan José Luque-Larena, Dolors Vidal","doi":"10.1080/1040841X.2024.2319040","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1040841X.2024.2319040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Francisella tularensis</i> is the pathogen of tularemia, a zoonotic disease that have a broad range of hosts. Its epidemiology is related to aquatic environments, particularly in the subspecies <i>holarctica</i>. In this review, we explore the role of water and mosquitoes in the epidemiology of <i>Francisella</i> in Europe. <i>F. tularensis</i> epidemiology has been linked to natural waters, where its persistence has been associated with biofilm and amebas. In Sweden and Finland, the European countries where most human cases have been reported, mosquito bites are a main route of transmission. <i>F. tularensis</i> is present in other European countries, but to date positive mosquitoes have not been found. Biofilm and amebas are potential sources of <i>Francisella</i> for mosquito larvae, however, mosquito vector capacity has not been demonstrated experimentally, with the need to be studied using local species to uncover a potential transmission adaptation. Transstadial, for persistence through life stages, and mechanical transmission, suggesting contaminated media as a source for infection, have been studied experimentally for mosquitoes, but their natural occurrence needs to be evaluated. It is important to clear up the role of different local mosquito species in the epidemiology of <i>F. tularensis</i> and their importance in all areas where tularemia is present.</p>","PeriodicalId":10736,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"922-936"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139930393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The potential for bacteriophages and prophage elements in fighting and preventing the gonorrhea. 噬菌体和原噬菌体在对抗和预防淋病方面的潜力。
IF 6 2区 生物学
Critical Reviews in Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-28 DOI: 10.1080/1040841X.2023.2274849
Monika Adamczyk-Popławska, Piotr Golec, Andrzej Piekarowicz, Agnieszka Kwiatek
{"title":"The potential for bacteriophages and prophage elements in fighting and preventing the gonorrhea.","authors":"Monika Adamczyk-Popławska, Piotr Golec, Andrzej Piekarowicz, Agnieszka Kwiatek","doi":"10.1080/1040841X.2023.2274849","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1040841X.2023.2274849","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacteriophages are the most numerous entities on earth and are found everywhere their bacterial hosts live. As natural bacteria killers, phages are extensively investigated as a potential cure for bacterial infections. <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> (the gonococcus) is the etiologic agent of a sexually transmitted disease: gonorrhea. The rapid increase of resistance of <i>N. gonorrhoeae</i> to antibiotics urges scientists to look for alternative treatments to combat gonococcal infections. Phage therapy has not been tested as an anti-gonococcal therapy so far. To date, no lytic phage has been discovered against <i>N. gonorrhoeae</i>. Nevertheless, gonococcal genomes contain both dsDNA and ssDNA prophages, and viral particle induction has been documented. In this review, we consider literature data about the attempts of hunting for a bacteriophage specific for gonococci - the gonophage. We also discuss the potential application of prophage elements in the fight against <i>N. gonorrhoeae</i>. Temperate phages may be useful in preventing and treating gonorrhea as a scaffold for anti-gonococcal vaccine development and as a source of lytic enzymes with anti-gonococcal activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":10736,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"769-784"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66783627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ex vivo challenge models for infectious diseases. 传染病的离体挑战模型。
IF 6 2区 生物学
Critical Reviews in Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/1040841X.2023.2274855
Bhavna Gowan Gordhan, Dale Liebenberg, Gabriella Scarlatti, Carolina Herrera, Francesca Chiodi, Neil Martinson, Julie Fox, Bavesh Davandra Kana
{"title":"<i>Ex vivo</i> challenge models for infectious diseases.","authors":"Bhavna Gowan Gordhan, Dale Liebenberg, Gabriella Scarlatti, Carolina Herrera, Francesca Chiodi, Neil Martinson, Julie Fox, Bavesh Davandra Kana","doi":"10.1080/1040841X.2023.2274855","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1040841X.2023.2274855","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traditionally, molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis for infectious agents were studied in cell culture or animal models but have limitations on the extent to which the resulting data reflect natural infection in humans. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the urgent need to rapidly develop laboratory models that enable the study of host-pathogen interactions, particularly the relative efficacy of preventive measures. Recently, human and animal <i>ex vivo</i> tissue challenge models have emerged as a promising avenue to study immune responses, screen potential therapies and triage vaccine candidates. This approach offers the opportunity to closely approximate human disease from the perspective of pathology and immune response. It has advantages compared to animal models which are expensive, lengthy and often require containment facilities. Herein, we summarize some recent advances in the development of <i>ex vivo</i> tissue challenge models for COVID-19, HIV-1 and other pathogens. We focus on the contribution of these models to enhancing knowledge of host-pathogen interactions, immune modulation, and their value in testing therapeutic agents. We further highlight the advantages and limitations of using <i>ex vivo</i> challenge models and briefly summarize how the use of organoids provides a useful advancement over current approaches. Collectively, these developments have enormous potential for the study of infectious diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":10736,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"785-804"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71421375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress response pathways by respiratory viruses. 呼吸道病毒对内质网应激反应途径的调节。
IF 6 2区 生物学
Critical Reviews in Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-07 DOI: 10.1080/1040841X.2023.2274840
Kyle L Macauslane, Cassandra L Pegg, Kirsty R Short, Benjamin L Schulz
{"title":"Modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress response pathways by respiratory viruses.","authors":"Kyle L Macauslane, Cassandra L Pegg, Kirsty R Short, Benjamin L Schulz","doi":"10.1080/1040841X.2023.2274840","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1040841X.2023.2274840","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are amongst the leading causes of death and disability, and the greatest burden of disease impacts children, pregnant women, and the elderly. Respiratory viruses account for the majority of ARIs. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a host homeostatic defence mechanism primarily activated in response to aberrant endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident protein accumulation in cell stresses including viral infection. The UPR has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several respiratory diseases, as the respiratory system is particularly vulnerable to chronic and acute activation of the ER stress response pathway. Many respiratory viruses therefore employ strategies to modulate the UPR during infection, with varying effects on the host and the pathogens. Here, we review the specific means by which respiratory viruses affect the host UPR, particularly in association with the high production of viral glycoproteins, and the impact of UPR activation and subversion on viral replication and disease pathogenesis. We further review the activation of UPR in common co-morbidities of ARIs and discuss the therapeutic potential of modulating the UPR in virally induced respiratory diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":10736,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"750-768"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71479085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
LysR-type transcriptional regulators: state of the art. LysR 型转录调节因子:最新进展。
IF 6 2区 生物学
Critical Reviews in Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-27 DOI: 10.1080/1040841X.2023.2247477
S Mayo-Pérez, Y Gama-Martínez, S Dávila, N Rivera, I Hernández-Lucas
{"title":"LysR-type transcriptional regulators: state of the art.","authors":"S Mayo-Pérez, Y Gama-Martínez, S Dávila, N Rivera, I Hernández-Lucas","doi":"10.1080/1040841X.2023.2247477","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1040841X.2023.2247477","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The LysR-type transcriptional regulators (LTTRs) are DNA-binding proteins present in bacteria, archaea, and in algae. Knowledge about their distribution, abundance, evolution, structural organization, transcriptional regulation, fundamental roles in free life, pathogenesis, and bacteria-plant interaction has been generated. This review focuses on these aspects and provides a current picture of LTTR biology.</p>","PeriodicalId":10736,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"598-630"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10087604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Advances in the applications of Bacteriophages and phage products against food-contaminating bacteria. 噬菌体及其制品对抗食品污染细菌的应用进展。
IF 6 2区 生物学
Critical Reviews in Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-20 DOI: 10.1080/1040841X.2023.2271098
Suja E, Sathyanarayana N Gummadi
{"title":"Advances in the applications of Bacteriophages and phage products against food-contaminating bacteria.","authors":"Suja E, Sathyanarayana N Gummadi","doi":"10.1080/1040841X.2023.2271098","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1040841X.2023.2271098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Food-contaminating bacteria pose a threat to food safety and the economy by causing foodborne illnesses and spoilage. Bacteriophages, a group of viruses that infect only bacteria, have the potential to control bacteria throughout the \"farm-to-fork continuum\". Phage application offers several advantages, including targeted action against specific bacterial strains and minimal impact on the natural microflora of food. This review covers multiple aspects of bacteriophages applications in the food industry, including their use as biocontrol and biopreservation agents to fight over 20 different genera of food-contaminating bacteria, reduce cross-contamination and the risk of foodborne diseases, and also to prolong shelf life and preserve freshness. The review also highlights the benefits of using bacteriophages in bioprocesses to selectively inhibit undesirable bacteria, such as substrate competitors and toxin producers, which is particularly valuable in complex microbial bioprocesses where physical or chemical methods become inadequate. Furthermore, the review briefly discusses other uses of bacteriophages in the food industry, such as sanitizing food processing environments and detecting specific bacteria in food products. The review also explores strategies to enhance the effectiveness of phages, such as employing multi-phage cocktails, encapsulated phages, phage products, and synergistic hurdle approaches by combining them with antimicrobials.</p>","PeriodicalId":10736,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"702-727"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49675291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Insights into the molecular mechanisms of H. pylori-associated B-cell lymphoma. 幽门螺杆菌相关 B 细胞淋巴瘤分子机制透视。
IF 6 2区 生物学
Critical Reviews in Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.1080/1040841X.2024.2305439
Kritika Malik, Prashant Kodgire
{"title":"Insights into the molecular mechanisms of <i>H. pylori</i>-associated B-cell lymphoma.","authors":"Kritika Malik, Prashant Kodgire","doi":"10.1080/1040841X.2024.2305439","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1040841X.2024.2305439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer research has extensively explored various factors contributing to cancer development, including chemicals, drugs, smoking, and obesity. However, the role of bacterial infections in cancer induction remains underexplored. In particular, the mechanisms underlying <i>H. pylori</i>-induced B-cell lymphoma, a potential consequence of bacterial infection, have received little attention. In recent years, there has been speculation about contagious agents causing persistent inflammation and encouraging B-lymphocyte transition along with lymphomagenesis. MALT lymphoma associated with chronic <i>H. pylori</i> infection, apart from two other central associated lymphomas - Burkitt's Lymphoma and DLBCL, is well studied. Owing to the increasing colonization of <i>H. pylori</i> in the host gut and its possible action in the development of B-cell lymphoma, this review aims to summarize the existing reports on different B-cell lymphomas' probable association with <i>H. pylori</i> infections; also emphasizing the function of the organism in lymphomagenesis; including its interaction with the host, pathogen and host-specific factors, and tumor microenvironment.</p>","PeriodicalId":10736,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"879-895"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139575504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
New insights into mycotoxin risk management through fungal population genetics and genomics. 通过真菌群体遗传学和基因组学对霉菌毒素风险管理的新认识。
IF 6 2区 生物学
Critical Reviews in Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1080/1040841X.2024.2392179
Toan Bao Hung Nguyen, Marie Foulongne-Oriol, Jean-Luc Jany, Gaétan le Floch, Adeline Picot
{"title":"New insights into mycotoxin risk management through fungal population genetics and genomics.","authors":"Toan Bao Hung Nguyen, Marie Foulongne-Oriol, Jean-Luc Jany, Gaétan le Floch, Adeline Picot","doi":"10.1080/1040841X.2024.2392179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1040841X.2024.2392179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mycotoxin contamination of food and feed is a major global concern. Chronic or acute dietary exposure to contaminated food and feed can negatively affect both human and animal health. Contamination occurs through plant infection by toxigenic fungi, primarily <i>Aspergillus</i> and <i>Fusarium</i> spp., either before or after harvest. Despite the application of various management strategies, controlling these pathogens remains a major challenge primarily because of their ability to adapt to environmental changes and selection pressures. Understanding the genetic structure of plant pathogen populations is pivotal for gaining new insights into their biology and epidemiology, as well as for understanding the mechanisms behind their adaptability. Such deeper understanding is crucial for developing effective and preemptive management strategies tailored to the evolving nature of pathogenic populations. This review focuses on the population-level variations within the two most economically significant toxigenic fungal genera according to space, host, and pathogenicity. Outcomes in terms of migration patterns, gene flow within populations, mating abilities, and the potential for host jumps are examined. We also discuss effective yet often underutilized applications of population genetics and genomics to address practical challenges in the epidemiology and disease control of toxigenic fungi.</p>","PeriodicalId":10736,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142072238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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