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Conference Report: SOPhiA 2022 会议报告:索菲亚2022
KRITERION – Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2022-12-02 DOI: 10.1515/krt-2022-0032
L. Eichhorn
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引用次数: 0
Conference Report: The Fourth International Conference of the German Society for Philosophy of Science (GWP.2022), 15–17 August, 2022 会议报告:第四届德国科学哲学学会国际会议(GWP.2022)， 2022年8月15-17日
KRITERION – Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2022-11-30 DOI: 10.1515/krt-2022-0031
Jonas Raab
{"title":"Conference Report: The Fourth International Conference of the German Society for Philosophy of Science (GWP.2022), 15–17 August, 2022","authors":"Jonas Raab","doi":"10.1515/krt-2022-0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/krt-2022-0031","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":107351,"journal":{"name":"KRITERION – Journal of Philosophy","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121534009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Holistic Understanding of Scientific Methodology: The Cases of the CMS and OPERA Experiments 科学方法论的整体理解:以CMS和OPERA实验为例
KRITERION – Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2022-11-24 DOI: 10.1515/krt-2022-0025
Shonkholen Mate
{"title":"A Holistic Understanding of Scientific Methodology: The Cases of the CMS and OPERA Experiments","authors":"Shonkholen Mate","doi":"10.1515/krt-2022-0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/krt-2022-0025","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Philosophers of science are divided over the interpretations of scientific normativity. Larry Laudan defends a sort of goal-directed rules for scientific methodology. In contrast, Gerard Doppelt thinks methodological rules are a mixed batch of rules in that some are goal-oriented hypothetical rules and others are goal-independent categorical rules. David Resnik thinks that the debate between them is at a standstill now. He further thinks there are certain rules, such as the rule of consistency which is goal independent. However, he proposes a holistic understanding of the scientific methodology. Taking a thread from Resnik, the present paper also advocates a holistic understanding of the scientific methodology. Given that many scientific practices deal with systems, the focus will be given to the systems by assuming each as a constellation of methodological norms. By taking each system as a set of mutually supportive methodological rules whose instrumental values underwrite the coherence relation among them, the paper aims to provide what could be a viable holistic epistemological account that can explain scientific normativity at work in a scientific system. The paper will lay down specific holistic criteria for understanding the scientific methodology. They will be used to show how a holistic account could satisfactorily account for the success of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment in discovering the Higgs boson and how the holistic account can account for the instrumental error behind the apparent faster-than-light neutrino anomaly of the Oscillation Project with Emulsion-t Racking Apparatus (OPERA) experiments respectively.","PeriodicalId":107351,"journal":{"name":"KRITERION – Journal of Philosophy","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127169614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Teleofunctionalist Solution to the Problem of Deviant Causal Chains of Actions 行为偏差因果链问题的远功能主义解决方案
KRITERION – Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2022-10-06 DOI: 10.1515/krt-2022-0018
Jakob Roloff
{"title":"A Teleofunctionalist Solution to the Problem of Deviant Causal Chains of Actions","authors":"Jakob Roloff","doi":"10.1515/krt-2022-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/krt-2022-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Donald Davidson’s causal theory of actions states that actions must be rationalized and caused by a belief-desire-pair. One problem of such a causal theory are cases of deviant causal chains. In these cases, the rationalized action is not caused in the right way but via a deviant causal chain. It therefore intuitively seems to be no action while all conditions of the causal theory are met. I argue that the problem of deviant causal chains can be solved by adding a teleofunctionalist condition. This condition requires that the belief-desire pair that rationalizes an action must cause that action in a selection-historically normal way. I try to show that this additional condition drops counterintuitive cases of deviant causal chains out of the class of actions while being flexible enough to classify such cases as actions in which causal detours are intuitively permissible.","PeriodicalId":107351,"journal":{"name":"KRITERION – Journal of Philosophy","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124269268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Time Does Not Pass if Time Began from an Infinite Past 如果时间从无限的过去开始，时间就不会流逝
KRITERION – Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2022-08-12 DOI: 10.1515/krt-2022-0001
K. Morita
{"title":"Time Does Not Pass if Time Began from an Infinite Past","authors":"K. Morita","doi":"10.1515/krt-2022-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/krt-2022-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Philosophers have long discussed whether time really passes. Simultaneously, they have also discussed whether time could have begun from an infinite past. This paper clarifies the relationship between the reality of time’s passage and an infinite past. I assert that time cannot have an infinite past if time really passes. This argument is based on a proposition that an infinite series of events cannot be completed if time really passes. A seemingly strong objection to this proposition is that no movement is possible if an infinite series cannot be completed. However, movement is clearly possible; thus, an infinite series can be completed. I argue that although it is sure that an infinite series can be completed in the static view, an infinite series cannot be completed (and thus, time could not have begun from an infinite past) in the dynamic view.","PeriodicalId":107351,"journal":{"name":"KRITERION – Journal of Philosophy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116835111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Introduction to the Special Issue on Lakatos’ Undone Work 拉卡托斯未完成作品特刊简介
KRITERION – Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2022-04-22 DOI: 10.1515/krt-2022-0008
Sophie Nagler, Hannah Pillin, Deniz Sarikaya
{"title":"Introduction to the Special Issue on Lakatos’ Undone Work","authors":"Sophie Nagler, Hannah Pillin, Deniz Sarikaya","doi":"10.1515/krt-2022-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/krt-2022-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We give an overview of Lakatos’ life, his philosophy of mathematics and science, as well as of this issue. Firstly, we briefly delineate Lakatos’ key contributions to philosophy: his anti-formalist philosophy of mathematics, and his methodology of scientific research programmes in the philosophy of science. Secondly, we outline the themes and structure of the masterclass Lakatos’ Undone Work – The Practical Turn and the Division of Philosophy of Mathematics and Philosophy of Science, which gave rise to this special issue. Lastly, we provide a summary of the contributions to this issue.","PeriodicalId":107351,"journal":{"name":"KRITERION – Journal of Philosophy","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133883854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lakatos’ Quasi-Empiricism Revisited 重新审视拉卡托斯的准经验主义
KRITERION – Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2022-04-21 DOI: 10.1515/krt-2022-0007
Wei Zeng
{"title":"Lakatos’ Quasi-Empiricism Revisited","authors":"Wei Zeng","doi":"10.1515/krt-2022-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/krt-2022-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The central idea of Lakatos’ quasi-empiricism view of the philosophy of mathematics is that truth values are transmitted bottom-up, but only falsity can be transmitted from basic statements. As it is falsity but not truth that flows bottom-up, Lakatos emphasizes that observation and induction play no role in both conjecturing and proving phases in mathematics. In this paper, I argue that Lakatos’ view that one cannot obtain primitive conjectures by induction contradicts the history of mathematics, and therefore undermines his quasi-empiricism theory. I argue that his misconception of induction causes this view of Lakatos. Finally, I propose that Wittgenstein’s view that “mathematics does have a grammatical nature, but it is also rooted in empirical regularities” suggests the possibility to improve Lakatos’ view by maintaining his quasi-empiricism while accepting the role induction plays in the conjecturing phase.","PeriodicalId":107351,"journal":{"name":"KRITERION – Journal of Philosophy","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124049751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Practical Identity, Contingency and Humanity 实践同一性、偶然性与人性
KRITERION – Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2022-01-12 DOI: 10.1515/krt-2021-0040
Damiano Ranzenigo
{"title":"Practical Identity, Contingency and Humanity","authors":"Damiano Ranzenigo","doi":"10.1515/krt-2021-0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/krt-2021-0040","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Aim of this paper is to support the view that all human practical identities are contingent by arguing against the view that there is at least one necessary practical identity shared by all human beings, namely Humanity. The view that Humanity is a necessary practical identity is explicitly defended by Christine M. Korsgaard (Korsgaard, C. M. 1996. The Sources of Normativity, edited by O. O’Neill. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Korsgaard, C. M. 2009. Self-Constitution: Agency, Identity, and Integrity. New York: Oxford University Press) and indirectly by Marya Schechtman (Schechtman, M. 2014. Staying Alive: Personal Identity, Practical Concerns, and the Unity of a Life. New York: Oxford University Press). Korsgaard understands Humanity both in terms of pure self-legislation, and as deep sociality. In the first case, Humanity as self-legislation faces what I call ‘Existential dilemma’: either Humanity has specific content, typical of contingent practical identities, but stops being necessary for all human beings; or Humanity is emptied of its content and is conceived of as necessary self-legislation, but stops being a practical identity. In the second case, i.e., Humanity as deep sociality, Korsgaard confuses the necessary natural fact that human beings are social creatures, with contingent contexts of human socialization, which are the true sources of specifically human practical identities. I articulate this confusion in the guise of what I call ‘Nature/Nurture dilemma’, which also applies to the morally neutral account of human personhood advocated by Schechtman (Schechtman, M. 2014. Staying Alive: Personal Identity, Practical Concerns, and the Unity of a Life. Oxford University Press). In conclusion, I address the worry that without the necessary practical identity of Humanity we might not be able to extend our practical and moral concerns to distant fellow human beings by sketching an alternative path to extend such concerns.","PeriodicalId":107351,"journal":{"name":"KRITERION – Journal of Philosophy","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114230710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Showing Mathematical Flies the Way Out of Foundational Bottles: The Later Wittgenstein as a Forerunner of Lakatos and the Philosophy of Mathematical Practice 显示数学飞出基础的瓶子:后期维特根斯坦作为拉卡托斯的先驱和数学实践哲学
KRITERION – Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2022-01-12 DOI: 10.1515/krt-2021-0041
José Antonio Pérez-Escobar
{"title":"Showing Mathematical Flies the Way Out of Foundational Bottles: The Later Wittgenstein as a Forerunner of Lakatos and the Philosophy of Mathematical Practice","authors":"José Antonio Pérez-Escobar","doi":"10.1515/krt-2021-0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/krt-2021-0041","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This work explores the later Wittgenstein’s philosophy of mathematics in relation to Lakatos’ philosophy of mathematics and the philosophy of mathematical practice. I argue that, while the philosophy of mathematical practice typically identifies Lakatos as its earliest of predecessors, the later Wittgenstein already developed key ideas for this community a few decades before. However, for a variety of reasons, most of this work on philosophy of mathematics has gone relatively unnoticed. Some of these ideas and their significance as precursors for the philosophy of mathematical practice will be presented here, including a brief reconstruction of Lakatos’ considerations on Euler’s conjecture for polyhedra from the lens of late Wittgensteinian philosophy. Overall, this article aims to challenge the received view of the history of the philosophy of mathematical practice and inspire further work in this community drawing from Wittgenstein’s late philosophy.","PeriodicalId":107351,"journal":{"name":"KRITERION – Journal of Philosophy","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132472036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
The Quasi-Empirical Epistemology of Mathematics 数学的准经验认识论
KRITERION – Journal of Philosophy Pub Date : 2022-01-12 DOI: 10.1515/krt-2021-0029
E. Shi
{"title":"The Quasi-Empirical Epistemology of Mathematics","authors":"E. Shi","doi":"10.1515/krt-2021-0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/krt-2021-0029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper clarifies and discusses Imre Lakatos’ claim that mathematics is quasi-empirical in one of his less-discussed papers A Renaissance of Empiricism in the Recent Philosophy of Mathematics. I argue that (1) Lakatos’ motivation for classifying mathematics as a quasi-empirical theory is epistemological; (2) what can be called the quasi-empirical epistemology of mathematics is not correct; (3) analysing where the quasi-empirical epistemology of mathematics goes wrong will bring to light reasons to endorse a pluralist view of mathematics.","PeriodicalId":107351,"journal":{"name":"KRITERION – Journal of Philosophy","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123434872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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