{"title":"How do institutional investors facilitate reporting comparability? Evidence from common institutional ownership in the United States","authors":"Xuanbo Li, Yun Lou, Rencheng Wang, Kaitang Zhou","doi":"10.1111/1911-3846.13028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1911-3846.13028","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We examine how common institutional investors (CIIs) facilitate the financial reporting comparability (FRC) of US firms. Common ownership increases FRC of firms that are directly owned by CIIs (via a direct effect) and has positive spillover effects on other firms in the same industry. We find spillover effects in two types of firms: (1) those that are commonly owned by different institutional investors but are connected through common firms, and (2) those that do not have any common ownership. These results suggest that the effect of common ownership goes beyond commonly owned firms and extends to non-commonly owned firms. Furthermore, we find two mechanisms for the direct and spillover effects of common ownership on reporting comparability: firms' hiring of common auditors and their adoption of similar accounting practices. Overall, we provide comprehensive evidence on how common institutional ownership benefits the comparability of financial reporting in the United States.</p>","PeriodicalId":10595,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Accounting Research","volume":"42 2","pages":"1176-1211"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144206978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investor overreactions to transnational peer firm earnings: The role of accounting standards","authors":"Manuel Herkenhoff, Martin Nienhaus","doi":"10.1111/1911-3846.13038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1911-3846.13038","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study finds that accounting standards play an important role in cross-border investor reactions to peer firm earnings. Specifically, we document that when international peer firms report under the same accounting standards, investors overreact to peer firms' earnings announcements. Using a sample of 35,116 firm-pair-years from 51 countries between 2000 and 2010, we show that heightened information transfers for international same-standard firms are followed by predictable price reversals when investors observe own-firm earnings. However, overreactions are not present for international firm-pairs that follow different accounting standards. While we find that institutional investors learn over time, overreactions do not decline among retail investors. Additional tests suggest that overreactions cause significant excess volatility, which results in economically significant costs. Collectively, our findings document an unintended consequence of financial reporting harmonization in the form of increased investor overreactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10595,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Accounting Research","volume":"42 2","pages":"1145-1175"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1911-3846.13038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144207078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tracy Gu, Kai Wai Hui, Yingzhen Jiang, Dan A. Simunic
{"title":"Federal judge ideology and the going-concern reporting incentives of Big 4 and non–Big 4 auditors","authors":"Tracy Gu, Kai Wai Hui, Yingzhen Jiang, Dan A. Simunic","doi":"10.1111/1911-3846.13025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1911-3846.13025","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We analyze whether and how the perceived federal-level legal liability linked to federal judge ideology is associated with the likelihood of firms receiving going-concern modified audit opinions and analyze the differential effects on Big 4 and non–Big 4 auditors. We find that Big 4 and non–Big 4 auditors converge in their going-concern reporting decisions in circuits with more liberal judges. This convergence is caused by the greater effect of judge ideology on non–Big 4 auditors. Furthermore, we empirically examine the association between federal judge ideology and actual lawsuits against auditors and find that judge ideology has a greater impact on lawsuit likelihood for non–Big 4 auditors for the restating companies. When auditors are sued, both the payout likelihood and amount are greater in circuits with more liberal judges, with the effect being more pronounced for non–Big 4 auditors. This study provides evidence on how the perceived exposure to a gross negligence legal standard shapes auditors' going-concern reporting incentives for the two tiers of auditors in the market. It also adds to the literature on auditor litigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":10595,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Accounting Research","volume":"42 2","pages":"1106-1144"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144207014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CAR Ad Hoc Reviewers 2024 / RCC Réviseurs ad hoc 2024","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/1911-3846.13029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1911-3846.13029","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10595,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Accounting Research","volume":"42 1","pages":"E1-E10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Can we explain managerial non-answers during conference call Q&As?","authors":"Matthew Bamber, Pier-Luc Nappert","doi":"10.1111/1911-3846.13030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1911-3846.13030","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Management teams often avoid answering questions during conference call question and answer sessions (Q&As). Viewing this as an information asymmetry issue, accounting scholars have suggested that this behavior is ill-advised and that non-answers signal to investors the suppression of bad news. In this article, we demonstrate that this argument lacks nuance. Instead, we argue that answers and non-answers necessarily coexist and are codependent. Our contribution stems from our social interactionist lens, whereby we draw on interdisciplinary perspectives of workplace silence to make sense of our data. We propose three explanations for managerial non-answers, namely that they are used (1) defensively, (2) reflectively, and (3) negotiatively. Despite the seeming complexity, analysts claim they can make sense of what managers are able to say in this forum, and by extension, what they do (or perhaps, can) not. From here, we argue that analysts are socialized to managerial non-answers. Despite this, there is general concern that investors allow an innate fear of “silence” to prejudice their judgment of non-answers. Thus, we highlight a communication gap between management, intermediary, and investor. On the one hand, this implies a source of market inefficiency, but on the other it points toward a source of potential value in sell-side analyst work, specifically, their experience and expertise in social interaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":10595,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Accounting Research","volume":"42 2","pages":"1079-1105"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1911-3846.13030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144206625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bogging down investors: An unintended consequence of litigation risk","authors":"Siwen Fu, Ke Wang, Liandong Zhang, Liu Zheng","doi":"10.1111/1911-3846.13027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1911-3846.13027","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Securities litigation risk is a well-recognized yet underexplored source of financial reporting complexity or unreadability. This study examines the effect of litigation risk on the readability of corporate financial reports. The 1999 Silicon Graphics Inc. (SGI) court ruling unexpectedly reduced litigation risk for firms within the Ninth Circuit Court's jurisdiction. Using a difference-in-differences design centered on the SGI court ruling, we find that, while the readability of financial reports generally declines over the sample period, treated firms in the Ninth Circuit experience a comparatively smaller decline in readability than control firms in other states after the ruling. Put differently, treated firms experience a relative improvement in reporting readability following the ruling. This effect is concentrated among firms prone to securities litigation and those with greater external financing needs, but it is muted for firms engaging in earnings management. Furthermore, improved reporting readability among treated firms can be partially attributed to alleviated concerns about the adequacy of cautionary language, as evidenced by a significant decrease in negative forward-looking statements, particularly risk-related ones. Collectively, our findings suggest that securities litigation risk contributes to reduced readability in financial reporting.</p>","PeriodicalId":10595,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Accounting Research","volume":"42 2","pages":"1045-1078"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1911-3846.13027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144206952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mary Cowx, Jennifer L. Glenn, Patrick Kielty, Sean T. McGuire
{"title":"How do hedge fund activists use and affect financial reporting of income taxes? Evidence from the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets","authors":"Mary Cowx, Jennifer L. Glenn, Patrick Kielty, Sean T. McGuire","doi":"10.1111/1911-3846.13031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1911-3846.13031","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study uses valuation allowances (VAs) for deferred tax assets to examine whether hedge fund activists (HFAs) use and affect financial reporting of income taxes. Specifically, we investigate whether HFAs target firms with VAs and whether target firms are more likely to release VAs post-intervention. We find that the existence, magnitude, and increases in VAs increase the marginal probability that HFAs will target a firm by between 12% and 24%. We also find that target firms are 4.6% more likely to release VAs following the intervention, and this effect persists for up to 2 years. Releases of VAs appear to stem from implemented tax avoidance strategies and changes in financial reporting of income taxes rather than real changes in operating performance or earnings management. Overall, HFAs appear to understand the interplay between tax planning and financial reporting of income taxes and use both to unlock value in target firms.</p>","PeriodicalId":10595,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Accounting Research","volume":"42 2","pages":"1013-1044"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144206517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Governmentality, counter-conduct, and modes of governing: Accounting and the pursuit of municipal sustainable waste management","authors":"Thomas Ahrens, Laurence Ferry","doi":"10.1111/1911-3846.13026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1911-3846.13026","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recent research into the uses of accounting as a technology of government has used Foucault's notion of “counter-conduct” to shed light on various ways in which the governed can seek to alter the regimes to which they are subjected. This paper unpacks the notion of counter-conduct further in order to develop a clearer conceptualization of how regimes of government can change over time, with or without clearly identifiable attempts by the governed to influence such changes. We develop our argument based on a longitudinal field study of sustainable waste management practices in a municipality in the English East Midlands. We track the municipality's attempts to become more sustainable in the context of an evolving central government performance management regime that went through a series of legislative and administrative iterations—namely, Best Value, Comprehensive Performance Assessment, and Comprehensive Area Assessment. We conceptualize these iterations of central performance management and the related changes in local government practices and technologies of governing as a series of overlapping “modes of governing” (Bulkeley et al., 2007, <i>Environment and Planning A</i>, <i>39</i>(11), 2733–2753). We suggest that accounting research can benefit from the notion of modes of governing because it sheds light on the theoretically expected, but empirically underresearched, copresence of multiple rationales, programs, and technologies of governing, all operating at the same time.</p>","PeriodicalId":10595,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Accounting Research","volume":"42 2","pages":"985-1012"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144206595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lin Cheng, Qiang Cheng, Liwei Weng, Mark Yuzhi Yan
{"title":"Institutional dual-holders and corporate disclosures: A natural experiment","authors":"Lin Cheng, Qiang Cheng, Liwei Weng, Mark Yuzhi Yan","doi":"10.1111/1911-3846.13022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1911-3846.13022","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examines the impact of the presence of institutional dual-holders, whose portfolios hold both loans and equity securities of the same firms, on those firms' voluntary disclosures. Using mergers between institutional shareholders and lenders to the same firms as exogenous shocks to identify firms with institutional dual-holders that have high relative equity ownership, we document that such firms are less likely to provide management forecasts and disclose fewer voluntary 8-K items. In cross-sectional analyses, we find that the reduction in voluntary disclosures is more pronounced when institutional dual-holders have higher board representation and when firms have lower litigation risk. In addition, we find that firms with institutional dual-holders provide more private disclosures to their lenders via loan contract covenants. Additional analyses indicate that the impact of institutional dual-holders on corporate disclosures is driven by both their monitoring and trading incentives.</p>","PeriodicalId":10595,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Accounting Research","volume":"42 2","pages":"953-984"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144206594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
James J. Blann, John L. Campbell, Jonathan E. Shipman, Zac Wiebe
{"title":"Evidence on the decision usefulness of fair values in business combinations","authors":"James J. Blann, John L. Campbell, Jonathan E. Shipman, Zac Wiebe","doi":"10.1111/1911-3846.13024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1911-3846.13024","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) 141 (Accounting Standards Codification [ASC] 805) requires that firms record identifiable assets and liabilities acquired in business combinations at fair value. While the FASB argued that these fair values should provide users with incremental decision-useful information, opponents have continuously argued that they are too difficult to reliably estimate and could be subject to managerial discretion. Using hand-collected data from US mergers and acquisitions, we find that, on average, fair value adjustments predict future cash flows incrementally beyond pre-deal book values and cash flows, goodwill, and other firm and deal characteristics. We also find that the relation between fair value adjustments and future cash flows varies predictably based on several factors that affect managers' ability and incentives to provide accurate estimates. Furthermore, despite prevailing concerns about their usefulness, we find that fair values for intangible assets predict future cash flows, on average. However, we find that this relation is driven primarily by the fair values of customer- and contract-related intangible assets and that the fair values of other types of identifiable intangibles do not necessarily convey incremental decision-useful information. Finally, we find that users appear to rely on the information conveyed by these disclosures, as evidenced by revisions to analysts' forecasts and changes in stock prices. Overall, our findings provide insight regarding the usefulness of current standards and users' reliance on fair values in business combinations.</p>","PeriodicalId":10595,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Accounting Research","volume":"42 2","pages":"922-952"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144206972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}