Organizations & Markets: Policies & Processes eJournal最新文献

{"title":"State and Needs of Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation System in Bulgaria","authors":"Hrabrin Bachev Храбрин Башев","doi":"10.21303/2613-5647.2020.001297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21303/2613-5647.2020.001297","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this paper is to access the state, specify trends, and identify intervention needs of Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation System (AKIS) in Bulgaria, and assist policy formation for the next programing period. Modern scientific approaches of SWOT, Strategic Orientation, Gap Analysis, Comparative Institutional Analysis, etc. are used to identify actors and relations, trends in development, assess Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats, formulate an adequate strategy, and specify overall and public intervention needs of AKIS in the country. Bulgarian AKIS demonstrates low resource endowment and efficiency, domination of outdated public institutions and undeveloped private sector, insufficient sharing of knowledge and innovations, slow and uneven application of modern technologies, varieties, production and management methods, digitalization, etc. in different types of farms, subsectors of agriculture and regions of the country. The list of specified AKIS needs is provided to the government for taking a political decision about appropriate measures for public intervention. This study demonstrates that preparation of country’s RDP is (has to be) based on the comprehensive scientific approach while the research community proves that it can contribute to solving an important academic and practical problem.","PeriodicalId":105736,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Policies & Processes eJournal","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130281956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Work, ICT and Travel in Multinational Corporations: The Synthetic Work Mobility Situation","authors":"J. Faulconbridge, I. Jones, G. Marsden, J. Anable","doi":"10.1111/NTWE.12162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/NTWE.12162","url":null,"abstract":"Theorizing the relationships between information communication technology (ICT), travel and work continue to preoccupy researchers interested in multinational corporations (MNCs). One motivation is the desire to understand ways of reducing demand for and the negative consequences of business travel. Existing studies offer, however, little in the way of theoretical explanation of why situations that require travel arise in the first instance and how they might be avoided. To address this shortcoming, this paper analyses two case study engineering consultancy MNCs to develop a novel sociomaterial perspective on the role of travel and ICTs. It introduces the concept of the synthetic work mobility situation which highlights the way ICT and travel exert agency that constitutes ways of working and the organizational form of MNCs. The concept also recasts questions about ways of reducing demand for travel as questions about ways of reconstituting the sociomaterial organization of the MNC.","PeriodicalId":105736,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Policies & Processes eJournal","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130937796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Public Blockchain Ecosystem: An Empirical Analysis","authors":"Felix Irresberger, Kose John, Fahad Saleh","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3478264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3478264","url":null,"abstract":"This paper offers an organizing empirical framework to understand the largely unexplored public blockchain ecosystem. Our framework casts blockchains in terms of their key economic attributes rather than as a set of disparate objects. The framework takes inspiration from the blockchain trilemma, constructing empirical analogs for each of its three attributes: (i) scale, (ii) security, and (iii) decentralization. Our analysis uncovers an association between these attributes and blockchain consensus protocols. We establish that Proof-of-Work (PoW) blockchains dominate on decentralization; Delegated Proof-of-Stake (DPoS) blockchains dominate on scale, and blockchains using non-standard protocols dominate on security. We find that a small group of blockchains form the ecosystem's frontier, but no particular blockchain, not even Bitcoin, leads on all three attributes.","PeriodicalId":105736,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Policies & Processes eJournal","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141210815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pioneering a New Approach to Improving Working Conditions in Developing Countries: Better Factories Cambodia","authors":"Raymond Robertson","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3568300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3568300","url":null,"abstract":"The rise of global supply chains over the last three decades intensified international attention to the conditions endured by workers in poor countries. Collapsed buildings, fires and death created an imperative to address poor conditions. Consumers, non-governmental organizations, inter-governmental organizations, international buyers and governments began seeking ways to improve working conditions in exporting factories in developing countries. The goals of this chapter is to describe the birth and growth of the Better Factories Cambodia (BFC) program, review the academic literature that has focused on both the BFC program and its descendent, Better Work, and identify some of the key aspects of the program that have been shown to be particularly successful.","PeriodicalId":105736,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Policies & Processes eJournal","volume":"298 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132147622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Intellectual Property Rights on Commercialization of University Research","authors":"Rafael A. Corredoira, Brent D. Goldfarb, Seojin Kim, A. Knott","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3399626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3399626","url":null,"abstract":"One of the foundational assumptions of patent law is that imbuing inventions with intellectual property rights (IPR) is necessary to bring forth innovation. We test this foundational assumption by examining the impact of IPR on commercialization of university research. Using the full set of US public firms who patented and conducted research over the period 1976 to 2007, we find little evidence that university research protected by IPR had higher commercialization relative to university research in the public domain. Indeed, if anything, university research in the public domain appears to have slightly greater commercialization.","PeriodicalId":105736,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Policies & Processes eJournal","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133246855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Searching for the Peak Google Trends and the COVID-19 Outbreak in Italy","authors":"P. Brunori, Giuliano Resce","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3569909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3569909","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 One of the difficulties faced by policy makers during the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy was the monitoring of the virus diffusion. Due to changes in the criteria and insufficient resources to test all suspected cases, the number of ‘confirmed infected’ rapidly proved to be unreliably reported by official statistics. We explore the possibility of using information obtained from Google Trends to predict the evolution of the epidemic. Following the most recent developments on the statistical analysis of longitudinal data, we estimate a dynamic heterogeneous panel. This approach allows to takes into account the presence of common shocks and unobserved components in the error term both likely to occur in this context. We find that Google queries contain useful information to predict number patients admitted to the intensive care units, number of deaths and excess mortality in Italian regions.","PeriodicalId":105736,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Policies & Processes eJournal","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121821345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Physics of a Coronavirus Pandemic: How to Avoid Impending Apocalyptic or Dystopian Economic Scenarios","authors":"C. Callaghan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3567585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3567585","url":null,"abstract":"This working paper builds on a body of previous work that suggests novel ways to stop a pandemic when the data needed to stop it is only available after its onset. This previous work points to a theoretical framework, namely probabilistic innovation theory, that suggests that there are ways to radically improve the probabilities of finding solutions to complex scientific problems, including in biomedical research- in the form of real time biomedical research. This paper extends this work to make a conceptual argument that there is a danger that current lockdowns can shut down the global economy in the same way as an engine can seize without lubrication, by cutting rather than slowing the actions of supply chains. This is described here as the physics of the coronavirus outbreak- the economic forces of momentum and inertia, that need to be modelled to better understand the consequences of breaking supply chains by implementing indiscriminant lockdowns (lockdowns that do not discriminate between those that have recovered and those that have not). There is currently little debate about the inertial forces that will need to be overcome in order to re-start economic activity after the pandemic. Scenarios of 90% unemployment seem to be absent from current debates, no doubt in order to boost much needed morale. Research is urgently needed into the consequences of a state transformation of many of the world’s economies- from dynamic system states to static states as lockdowns terminate much economic activity. It is argued here that lockdowns can save lives and minimize economic harm if they are discriminate - if they allow all recovered workers to quickly re-enter the economy - to work and travel - while locking down the uninfected and the ill. Poor management of this process may prove catastrophic, a serious consequence of a lack of testing of recovered persons. Indiscriminate lockdowns may break supply chains, particularly in poor countries, where recovered persons remain locked down. Indiscriminant lockdowns are particularly concerning in very poor areas with high population density when governments have insufficient means to feed people whose survivalist means have been shut down, often brutally by police and military. Wealthy countries should offer urgent help as soon as they are in a position to do so. This paper also echoes an increasingly widespread call to suggest that a very large scale biomedical crowdsourcing award would be effective in shifting activity out of already productive and profitable biomedical research activities into uncertain COVID-19 research. It seems that an award of no less than about 1000 billion dollars would be needed obtain the necessary economies of scale across the biomedical system. Such a large scale effort might be necessary, because the costs of research are borne by those seeking a solution. Governments should collaborate to contribute this award, because what they offer will surely be a lot less than the costs of","PeriodicalId":105736,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Policies & Processes eJournal","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115137462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indicators of Assessing the Effectiveness of the Accounting Information System for Business Organizations","authors":"Ali Qasim Hasan Al-Obaidi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3567878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3567878","url":null,"abstract":"The development that occurred in the activities of business organizations recently and continuous complexity facing these organizations, led to appeared a set of challenges for these organizations, the most important of which is the testing of ability for these companies to formulating and building an effective and useful accounting information system in a manner that keeps pace with the developments and meets the requirements of parties that depend on the outputs of this system. In fact, it cannot say that, all accounting information systems are considered as successful systems and achieve the goals required of it due to many problems located within the structure of this system and the accounting staff who responsible for operating this system. In the context of this problem, the study seeks to clarify the most important duties and tasks of the distinguished system and the indicators through which it can judge the level of success of that system in the expected range.","PeriodicalId":105736,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Policies & Processes eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130990608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Alternative Strategy for Sustaining Innovations of Incumbent Firms","authors":"Murat Kayak","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3567441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3567441","url":null,"abstract":"Innovation is a prominent phenomenon that enables a firm to gain a competitive advantage against its rivals. However, this does not mean that being innovative allow a firm to perform better. Although innovation has been investigated in the literature, the types of innovations still not understood well. As discussed, there are different types of innovations. Different kinds of innovation require different kinds of a business model and may have varying impacts on consumer product decisions. First, this study seeks to highlight the distinction between sustaining and disruptive innovations. Second, this study offers a conceptual framework for the antecedents of sustaining innovations. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed in the light of observations.","PeriodicalId":105736,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Policies & Processes eJournal","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130160703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge as an Object of Transfer Cooperation between Enterprises Foreign and Domestic","authors":"Magdalena Byczkowska, Anna Majzel","doi":"10.25103/ijbesar.131.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25103/ijbesar.131.05","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The aim of the considerations undertaken in this article was to identify the issues concerning the scope and effects of cooperation between companies with foreign capital and domestic entities of foreign direct investment and to identify the scale of impact of foreign companies operating in Poland on domestic entities in the sphere of knowledge. Design/methodology/approach: The main survey was conducted in 2017 and covered a group of 120 foreign enterprises from the list of the largest foreign investors in Poland, drawn up by Polish Information and Foreign Investment Agency (PAIiIZ). As part of the conducted survey, a targeted selection was applied, which guaranteed a selection corresponding to specific survey criteria. The measurement tool was a survey questionnaire, which contained both open and closed questions. In the case of the majority of closed questions, it was possible to add own answers to the proposed variants, not provided by the Author. Findings: By penetrating domestic economies, they bring not only such an important capital, but a whole package of added values, which are worth mentioning, among others: knowledge, managerial skills or an increase in the level of innovativeness of enterprises. The importance of foreign direct investment, as one of the most important factors in the modernisation of the domestic economy, is all the greater the scarcity of domestic financial resources prevents actions to improve the country's competitiveness, but also when it is not possible to create innovations on one's own. An opportunity to bridge the gap in economic development (including the technology gap) of less developed or developing countries is precisely the activity of international companies, which are a form of foreign direct investment. This is because they bring with them the transfer of technology and knowledge, which are stimuli for innovation and development of the modern economy. Research limitations/implications: One of the most basic and uncontrolled constraints is the limited access to data related to the survey - (data protection by enterprises), - original sample selection - The group of investors was selected by comparing the list of the Polish Information and Foreign Investment Agency (PAIiIZ) - the 500 largest foreign investors in Poland, and the list of \"Fortune\" magazine - the 500 largest corporations in the world classified by value of income. Apart from direct impact on the economy of a given country, foreign investment may also have an indirect impact (portfolio investment) - the method of quantification of data collected by financial institutions has often made it impossible to distinguish between these two streams of foreign capital. Originality/value: The study carried out by the author of the dissertation is in itself a significant contribution to the development of FDI methodology in Central and Eastern Europe. The most significant results representing the scientific novelty of the dissertation include t","PeriodicalId":105736,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Policies & Processes eJournal","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121272078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}