Organizations & Markets: Policies & Processes eJournal最新文献

{"title":"The Role of Volunteer Experience on Performance on Online Volunteering Platforms","authors":"Gloria Urrea, Eunae Yoo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3784152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3784152","url":null,"abstract":"Online volunteering platforms allow humanitarian organizations (HOs) to recruit volunteers to work remotely on projects. While the removal of time and space constraints enables HOs to scale up their volunteer force, HOs must manage greater variation in volunteers’ experience. In this study, we investigate the relationship between volunteers’ experience levels and two performance metrics on these platforms: project completion and volunteer retention. Moreover, we study when experience becomes more relevant to project completion depending on a project’s urgency (i.e., disaster response vs. development). To test these relationships, we collected a novel panel dataset from the Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team Tasking Manager, on which volunteers contribute to mapping projects. Our dataset includes 5,162 online volunteering projects with 2,169,683 contributions by 96,450 volunteers. Using panel regression models, we show that a project’s completion rate significantly depends on the number of volunteers at each experience level (i.e., beginner, intermediate, advanced). Interestingly, we find that the counts of intermediate and advanced volunteers are equally valuable to project completion. Our analysis further indicates that beginner volunteers should be channeled to development projects and intermediate volunteers to disaster response projects to enhance project completion. For volunteer retention, we use parametric hazard models and find that volunteers are incentivized to return to online volunteering platforms more quickly when they are closer to attaining the next experience-based status. However, this effect weakens as volunteers reach higher statuses. Overall, our study sheds light on online volunteer management and offers operational insights for HOs as well as for online volunteering platforms.","PeriodicalId":105736,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Policies & Processes eJournal","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115318983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interrogative Suggestibility","authors":"Laura H. Nirider, D. Davis, R. Leo","doi":"10.1002/9781119315636.ch3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119315636.ch3","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter traces the history of the law surrounding false confessions, beginning with a discussion of the twentieth-century origins of the “voluntariness test.” With the recent development of robust psychological and legal scholarship relating to police interrogations and the introduction of videotaped interrogations, the psychological impact of particular interrogation techniques on specific defendants is becoming central to courts’ voluntariness inquiries. A growing number of courts are exploring the psychological impact of police interrogation tactics, such as telling suspects lies about evidence, fact-feeding, or furnishing misinformation about the consequences of confession. <br><br>The authors survey the various approaches that courts take in determining whether to admit expert testimony on interrogations, noting that some courts have embraced the opportunity to hear testimony from psychologists who study social influence in the context of interrogation. However, some courts have declined to admit such expert testimony. <br><br>The authors offer detailed guidance on the selection of false confession experts. When deciding whether to proceed with hiring an expert, attorneys should look carefully at the entirety of the evidence, the characteristics of the defendant, and the circumstances of the interrogation. In order to overcome challenges to the admissibility of expert testimony on confessions, any experts retained by defense counsel should be experienced scholars with multiple publications on false confessions. The chapter includes detailed sample voir dire questions that experts on interrogation and confessions should be able to answer favorably.<br><br>The authors review common challenges to expert testimony admissibility, including prosecutorial claims that false confessions are rare, already within the common understanding of jurors, that testimony on false confessions will be unhelpful, misleading, confusing or prejudicial, and that the judicial system has developed adequate safeguards against false confessions, such as Miranda warnings, cross examination at trial, and judicial instructions on confessions. The authors discuss the social science that defense attorneys can use to counter these claims.","PeriodicalId":105736,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Policies & Processes eJournal","volume":"14 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126377674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"We Cannot Disagree Forever! Reality Polarization and Citizens’ Post-Pandemic Fiscal Adjustment Preferences","authors":"S. Heap, Christel Koop, Konstantinos Matakos, Aslı Unan, N. Weber","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3758813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3758813","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies have found considerable partisan polarization of both reality and policy preferences in the US. Furthermore, this polarization is so entrenched that it is immune to the provision of factual information. Has the COVID-19 pandemic, which a↵ects citizens unequally, reproduced or disrupted these polarization patterns? To answer this question, we conducted a US-wide conjoint survey experiment with embedded information treatments. We focus on citizens’ fiscal adjustment preferences given the (anticipated) lasting fiscal COVID-19 legacy. We find that both reality perceptions regarding the pandemic and policy preferences over post-COVID-19 fiscal adjustment are polarized along familiar partisan lines, but map less well onto traditional socio- economic cleavages. However, we find that the partisan policy polarization largely disappears when citizens are exposed to information on predicted COVID-19 deaths and income losses. This de-polarizing e↵ect is due to synchronous movement by both Democrats and Republicans, which bridges the policy gap between them. Importantly, such information has the additional reset e↵ect of shifting fiscal policy preferences towards a greater reliance on wealth and corporate taxes. We find further evidence that a US-wide consensus over a post-pandemic fiscal policy ’New Deal’ is feasible and potentially lasting.","PeriodicalId":105736,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Policies & Processes eJournal","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116852521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can the Intelligent Services Industry Continue the Growth Myth of the Information and Communication Industry?","authors":"X. Peng, Ya Li, W. Wong","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3768976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3768976","url":null,"abstract":"Since the 1980s, the global economy has shown a general trend of transition from an industrial economy to a service economy. The service industry has gradually become an important engine for world economic growth. The intelligent service industry has developed rapidly and has become an important industry to promote regional economic growth. This paper first adopts panel VAR (Vector Autoregression) and borrows the Feder two-sector model to study the diffusion and lag effects of smart technology on the smart service industry sector itself, the industrial sector, and the entire economic system. The research results confirm that China’s intelligentization and industrialization have formed a preliminary coupling interaction mechanism. Under the new normal, the intelligent service industry has become one of the emerging drivers of economic growth, and the diffusion effect of the intelligent service industry on economic growth will take 2-5 years. Since there is a two-way causal relationship between the smart service industry and the economic environment, the dynamic panel sys-GMM (System Generalized Moment Estimation) regression is used to investigate the lag effect of the factors affecting the development of China's smart service industry. It is proposed to adopt intellectual property protection and a common technical support system Improve the hysteresis effect.","PeriodicalId":105736,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Policies & Processes eJournal","volume":"322 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114129475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moral Entrepreneurship within Ethical Leadership under Quranic Perspective: Exploring the Effect of Moral Opportunities, along with Capabilities and Vision of Moral Entrepreneur, on Moral Entrepreneurship, and its Subsequent Effect on Ethical Leadership.","authors":"Rahat Hanif, D. Siddiqui","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3757819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3757819","url":null,"abstract":"Ethical leadership is about frontrunners that are professed as ethical by their supporters. Managers are considered as ethical leaders, primarily by being and acting ethically, that is, by accomplishing the role of ‘moral person’; furthermore, by endorsing the ethical behavior of others through two-way communiqué, fortification, and decision-making, that is, by accomplishing the role of ‘moral manager’ Brown et al. (2005). Kaptein (2019) claimed for a third pertinent component: i.e., the moral entrepreneur who constructs a new ethical norm. Smearing Carroll’s (1979) approach, he opposed Ethical leadership is not about subsequent consensus stretched in society. Ethical leadership leads ethics by crafting new ethical norms &amp; being ground-breaking in ethics. It is thus through leadership in ethics that ethical standards that aren’t yet commonly accepted in society are recognized. Hence, the moral entrepreneur faces some malicious that intensely disturbs him &amp; that he wants to be spot-on by interpreting a preferred norm into legal exclusions; nevertheless, he also puts himself at risk as he may become an outsider himself when he is not prosperous in his effort to create support for the newfangled rule or norm. Kaptein (2019) emphasized eight precursors and two outcomes in a theoretical framework. We altered Kaptein (2019) model by presenting the Quranic outlook &amp; attempted to institute its empirical validity by relating this framework to a large cross-section of society by conducting a survey via a close-ended questionnaire. Integrating Carroll’s (1979) approach with Quranic Verses we describe moral entrepreneurs having two qualities 1. The resistance of immoral Acts, and 2. Mobilizing Power for doing moral good. These are two vital Islamic fundamentals from the Quran and are considered progressive roles in helping others to take the straight path and refrain from inexcusable acts. (Arabic: الأمر بالمَعْرُوف والنهَي عن المُنْكَر, Romanized: al-amr bi-l-maʿrūf wa-nnahy ʿani-l-munkar, English:” Enjoining what is right and forbidding what is wrong” Subsequent to Kaptein’s research (2019), we hypothesize that moral entrepreneur have a vision, and moral scope, he also has Capabilities to impact and drive other through change. And if there’s a moral issue or void in the society, moral entrepreneur comprehends that as an opportunity, and with the vision and capabilities, he constructs moral entrepreneurship by means of resistance and mobilizing power. And this would facilitate ethical leadership and moral societal development. Data were collected from 200 employees employed in the Pakistani corporate sector &amp; evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis and structured equation modeling. Antecedents of moral entrepreneur encompassed 1. The vision was measured by moral development (MD), moral identity (MI), and moral awareness (MA). 2. Capability dimension included the capability to gain power (CGP) and drive towards transition (DT). And 3. Op","PeriodicalId":105736,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Policies & Processes eJournal","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126888870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Leader’s Behavioral Integrity Affect Followers Commitment, Engagement, OCB, and Task Performance: The Role of Trust, Value Congruence, and Worthiness of being Followed.","authors":"Maria Malik, D. Siddiqui","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3757536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3757536","url":null,"abstract":"This study highlights the importance of leader word deed alignment in shaping employee’s attitudes and behaviors. Leader Behavioral Integrity (BI) is defined as the perceived pattern of alignment between the leader’s words and deed. BI theory suggests that BI’s greater performance impact is due to the notion that BI affects communication clarity in addition to attitudes. Simons et. al. (2015) used meta-analysis to assess the impact of leader Behavioral Integrity (BI) on follower trust in leaders, organizational commitment, citizenship behavior (OCB), and in-role task performance. We modified Simon's framework by proposing that apart from trust, BI would also affect follower's outcomes through culminating follower perception of worthy of being followed (WBF), as well as Value Congruence among followers and the leader. Hence, these three factors would increase the follower's commitment. The high commitment would lead to job engagement. Better engagement would in turn lead to better task performance and OCB. Empirical validity was established by conducting a survey using a close-ended questionnaire. Data was collected from 316 employees from the Pakistani corporate sector and analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structured equation modeling. The results suggested that leader behavioral integrity (BI) has a significant and positive effect on Trust (T) as well as Value Congruence (VC) and follower perception worthy of being followed (WBF). The two factors i.e. T and WBF, in turn, seem to positively affect Organizational Commitment (OC). BI also seems to affect OC directly. Hence BI has a direct as well as an indirect effect on OC through the mediation of trust, and WBF. Moreover, OC seems to have a positive influence on both Job performance (JB), and Work Engagement (WE). JB is also impacted by WE. Higher performance and engagement also seem to affect organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) positively. behavioral integrity also has a direct and positive impact on performance, engagement, and OCB. The conclusions drawn from this study will help the leaders shape their behavior positively which will lead the followers to perform effectively and efficiently and thus enhancing the performance of the organization.","PeriodicalId":105736,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Policies & Processes eJournal","volume":"431 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126109709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Personal Characteristics on Social Accounting Initiatives: Evidence from Pakistan","authors":"Muhammad Shaharyar Saeed, D. Siddiqui","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3756723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3756723","url":null,"abstract":"The research works with two separate but closely connected themes of individual employee behaviour and organisation-wide initiatives that are further broken down into two dimensions of Social Entrepreneurship Profile and Social Accounting (SA). This research study seeks to identify the social entrepreneurship profile that highlights the specific personal characteristics of employees working in an organisation; secondly, it attempts to understand how the broader initiatives that help today’s organisations become more socially responsible. Factors covered in Personal Characteristics included 1. Sociality, 2. Innovativeness, 3. Market-orientation, and 4. The ability of Identifying New Opportunities (INO). Social Accounting Initiatives included Internal Attitude (IA), and Subjective norms (SN), each is classified as1.Pragmatic, 2. Moral, and 3. Cognitive, as well as Perceived Behavioural Control (PBC). For this purpose, A survey was conducted of 75 firms, and their decision-makers 306. were surveyed about their characteristics as well as the social accounting initiatives in their firms, usinga close-ended questionnaire. Total of306 decision-makers was surveyedabout four employees per organisation. Dataset was analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structured equation modelling. The results suggested that innovativenessand INO seem to have a positive and significant impact on pragmatic and moralIA. As well as moral SN. Similarly, sociality and innovativeness positively affecting moral IA. Sociality also seems to be affecting moral IA, pragmatic SN, and PBC, however, it has a negative impact on cognitive SN. Market orientation also has a significant positive impact on cognitive IA and SN. Lastly, INO seems to affect Perceived Behavioural Control. Implications and limitations of the study are discussed.","PeriodicalId":105736,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Policies & Processes eJournal","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131911385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Congress Characteristics, Diversity and Stock Market Outcomes","authors":"Yosef Bonaparte","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3756190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3756190","url":null,"abstract":"We show that key congress characteristics influence stock market outcomes, and under-diversified congress depresses the performance and upsurge the volatility in the stock market. Our key hypotheses is that congress background influences type, quantity and quality of bills passed, and hence affects policies and budgeting. Our analyses is motivated by the political science literate which demonstrate that women (African American) legislators are more “effective” (liberal) and drive larger focus on women (social) issues, such as Childcare, Educations and Medicare (civil rights and social welfare). This study is critical as we observe key trends in congresses demographic; Congress turns more of: African Americans, Women, experienced, educated; and less of: Whites, Christian Protestants and military background. We then created an index that reflects congress’ level of diversity, and show that the 116th congress (2019) is at 55% diversity, and the stock market positively prices congress diversity. Collectively, the congress’ characteristics are important determinants to consider when we analyze the linkage between politics and finance.","PeriodicalId":105736,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Policies & Processes eJournal","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132495683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Green Supply Chain Management on Economic and Organizational Performance of Food Industry in Sindh and Punjab","authors":"M. Iqbal Ahmed Siddiqui, D. Siddiqui","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3757499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3757499","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study to investigate the impact of green supply chain practices from the management decision-making level to the implementation of the food industry. We hypothesized that positive Institutional and Leadership Pressures would lead to external and internal Green Practices, which would in turn makes the organizational as well as economic Performance better. Institutional performance seems to have a positive and significant effect on external green practices, however, affect negatively to internal practices. Leadership pressure also has a negative effect on external green collaborations. Both internal and external factors also seem to have a positive and significant effect on both organizational and economic performance. As expected, economic performance seems to affect organizational performance, moreover, external Green Collaboration also affect Internal Green Practices, positively. Organizations and decision-makers of the food industry are provided with detailed insight into implementing a green supply chain, from multiple perspectives of the organization, which may help the decision-makers in formulating the strategies. It is a novel attempt to assess the organizational and economic performance of the food industry in Pakistan, using a modified version of the Ahmed & Najmi model, as it shed light for the first time on how institutions and leadership can influence the performance of the food industry through green practices.","PeriodicalId":105736,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Policies & Processes eJournal","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130871320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Business Model Innovation and Evolution of Sporting Goods Industry: A Case of Anta Company","authors":"Yuan-Shen Shih","doi":"10.20469/ijbas.6.10002-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20469/ijbas.6.10002-6","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the development process of brand companies through literature analysis and analysis methods integrated with data collection, and analyzes the theoretical structure of the “customer value proposition-key resources-key processes-profit formula” of the business model, in order to understand individual companies from the start-up business model development, strategy selection, and future development trends during the innovation period to the expansion period. First, this study found that the case company was driven by key resources and processes to drive the development of its business model during the start-up period; secondly, during the innovation period, it created and maintained high profits through rapid profit-oriented planning, rapid growth, and innovation. Nowadays, in the expansion period, individual companies place the most emphasis on customer value proposition, and through the integration of factories, move forward with the goals of cost comanagement and profit sharing.","PeriodicalId":105736,"journal":{"name":"Organizations & Markets: Policies & Processes eJournal","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115006234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}