Cold Regions Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Wave-impact spray on marine vessels and structures: Literature review","authors":"Aleksandra Visich","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sea-spray icing of ships and structures poses significant risks to vessel stability and crew safety. The biggest source of marine icing is wave-impact spray, i.e. spray resulting from a ship-wave collision. Numerical data on spray cloud generation, airborne phase and impingement on the surface are scarce and uncertain. Extensive but poorly documented research on sea spray icing was performed in the Soviet Union in the 1970 and 1980s, followed by North American and European studies. Later, computer technology was used to upgrade simple relation-based models to flexible code-based algorithms. Despite progress, the spray generation phase remains poorly understood, leading to uncertainties throughout the spray process. The external parameters of the spraying process include environmental (wind velocity and sea state) and vessel-related ones (vessel geometry, speed, heading and motions), and the intermediate factors include droplet properties and trajectories, spray concentration and collection efficiency. The complex interplay between the factors and processes involved in spraying is hard to model explicitly, and the direct correlations between spray flux and environmental parameters are limited and case-specific. Modern tools like computational fluid dynamics and machine learning hold promise for wave-impact spray research but require robust real-world data for validation. Future research should aim at developing a concise methodology of spray measurements, collecting more data, and employing advanced digital technology for spray modeling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 104476"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in indicators for defining cold levels within tunnels: Current state and future perspectives","authors":"Caichu Xia ,&nbsp;Sheng Wang ,&nbsp;Yiwei Ying ,&nbsp;Ziliang Lin ,&nbsp;Ming Yuan ,&nbsp;Dazhao Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to identify key indicators influencing cold levels within tunnels and to explore methods for their precise definition. It provides a comprehensive review of various indicators currently used to characterise cold levels in cold-region tunnels and their application in freeze-proof design. Most existing studies rely on the mean air temperature of the coldest month (<em>T</em>_<em>z</em>) and the freezing depth of surrounding rock to define cold levels within tunnels. However, these approaches do not account for the cumulative freezing effects resulting from the difference between the mean annual air temperature (<em>T</em>_<em>a</em>) and original rock temperature (<em>T</em>_<em>r</em>) or the influence of time-dependent ventilation airflow velocities. Current methods for defining cold levels have not fully identified the fundamental indicators governing these levels. A systematic and integrated approach that combines meteorological indicators—such as <em>T</em>_<em>z</em>, <em>T</em>_<em>a</em>, <em>T</em>_<em>r</em>, and time-dependent ventilation airflow velocities—is necessary for a precise definition. This study introduces a novel conceptual approach that integrates these meteorological indicators, emphasising cumulative freezing effects and the impact of time-dependent ventilation airflow. It specifically proposes the use of the equivalent mean air temperature of the coldest month, the equivalent mean annual air temperature, and the difference between the equivalent mean annual air temperature and <em>T</em>_<em>r</em> as key parameters for defining cold levels. Furthermore, it explores the application of this approach in determining the optimal freeze-proof axis, designing insulation layers, and implementing active ventilation in cold-region tunnels with time-dependent ventilation airflow. This study provides a theoretical foundation for enhancing the operational safety of cold-region tunnels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 104477"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “The effect of adding polypropylene fibers on the freeze-thaw cycle durability of lignosulfonate stabilised clayey sand” [Cold Regions Science and Technology, Volume 193 (2022), Article 103418]","authors":"Kaveh Roshan ,&nbsp;Asskar Janalizadeh Choobbasti ,&nbsp;Saman Soleimani Kutanaei ,&nbsp;Alireza Fakhrabadi","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104471","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104471","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 104471"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation of an ice particle impinging on a hot surface","authors":"Zhe Yang ,&nbsp;Zheyan Jin ,&nbsp;Zhigang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work studied the impinging process of an ice particle on a hot surface. The influences of the impact velocity, the impact angle, and the target surface temperature were studied. The equivalent diameter of the fragments and the volume ratio of adhering fragments were analyzed. The results indicated that, the increase in impact velocity tended to reduce the sizes of the relatively large fragments but promote the generation of more fragments. The target surface temperature had a significant effect on the adhesion of fragments. In this study, the distribution of the dimensionless equivalent diameter of the fragments could be represented by the log-normal distribution. Besides, a new method was developed to extract the volume ratio of adhering fragments. With the increase of the impact velocity, the impact angle, and the target surface temperature, the volume ratio of adhering fragments also increased. Within the scope of the present study, the volume ratio generally ranged from 0.001 to 0.028. Moreover, at <span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span>= 60.0°, <span><math><msub><mi>T</mi><mi>s</mi></msub></math></span>= 160.0 °C, and <span><math><msub><mi>v</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></math></span>= 58.0 m/s, the volume ratio reached its maximum value. Finally, a correlation for the volume ratio of adhering fragments was developed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 104481"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The crack characteristics and microscopic mechanism of composite solidified soil under alternating wet-dry and freeze-thaw cycles","authors":"Hang Shu ,&nbsp;Qingbo Yu ,&nbsp;Cencen Niu ,&nbsp;Qing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104479","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104479","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to solve the problem of cracking and deterioration of saline soil in semi-arid and seasonal frozen areas, sulfur-free lignin, basalt fiber and hydrophobic polymer were used to synergistically solidify saline soil. In this study, a series of indoor tests including wet-dry and freeze-thaw (WDFT) cycles were conducted to simulate the cyclic changes in water and temperature, and to further investigate the development pattern of crack morphology in solidified soil. Digital image processing techniques were employed to quantify both macroscopic cracks and microscopic pores in the samples. The results show that the untreated soil shrinks and produces micro-cracks due to tensile stress under the action of WDFT cycles, and the main cracks are formed after expansion and penetration. Sulfur-free lignin aggregates particles and fills the pores. Basalt fibers and hydrophobic polymers reduce crack expansion by resisting the tensile stress generated by shrinkage, while preventing water from entering the structural unit. The geometric and statistical parameters of the samples are related to the number of WDFT cycles. The crack expansion and failure mechanism are reflected in changes in microstructure characteristics such as crack ratio, length and width, fractal dimension and pore direction. The findings contribute to understanding the cracking pattern and expansion mechanism of solidified saline soil and provide a scientific basis for the use of solidified materials to reduce soil cracking.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 104479"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A snow depth estimation method with LiDAR system in snow groomer","authors":"Qian Jiao ,&nbsp;Lifang Zheng ,&nbsp;Fei Ma ,&nbsp;Jiawei Sheng ,&nbsp;Zhiwei Wang ,&nbsp;Boshen Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Providing high-resolution and real-time snow depth estimations in front of the snow groomer is necessary for the proper navigation and working efficiency improvement. However, accurate and real-time estimation of the snow depth during grooming operations in ski resorts is challenging due to the time-varying terrain of pistes. In this study, a real-time snow depth estimation method was established utilizing the LiDAR based multi-sensor perception system, where the estimated snow depth distribution was achieved by the elevation differences between the real-time local snow-covered grids and the snow-free reference map. A new multi-sensor fusion-based simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) approach especially for the ski resort environment was built to achieve the snow-covered and snow-free reference terrain maps. Also, we developed a snowfall denoising method and a piste extraction algorithm based on ski resort geometric features to improve the SLAM accuracy in snow-covered terrain. To validate the snow-depth estimation approach, a series of experiments were performed at the Wanlong Ski Resort and Linyu Ski Resort, China. Results indicates that the proposed snowfall denoising, snow piste extraction effectively improve the SLAM accuracy in snow-covered terrain map construction. The snow depth on flat ground was measured with an average error of 0.034 m, whereas the error on the slope was 0.042 m at the tested ski resorts. Additionally, the calculation period satisfies the requirements for real-time monitoring. The proposed method can provide precise and real-time depth estimations, facilitating the operational processes of snow groomers and enhancing the pistes maintenance efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 104462"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study and evaluation for the blocking effect of freezing method on nuclide seepage based on multiple indicator testing","authors":"Gang Li ,&nbsp;Jiankun Liu ,&nbsp;Zhaohui Sun ,&nbsp;Jiyun Nan ,&nbsp;Yang Zheng ,&nbsp;Xuanjun Zeng ,&nbsp;Jingze Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The emergency control of nuclear contaminated water leakage using artificial ground freezing (AGF) method has good application prospects, but the actual blocking effect is not ideal at present. To promote the solution of this problem, this paper designed a test system for evaluating the impermeability of freezing method, and it conducted blocking seepage tests with I nuclide solution. Based on the results of multi-parameter monitoring during the test, evaluation indicators, grading criteria, and a risk assessment diagram for blocking nuclear contaminated water with freezing were proposed. Furthermore, the blocking mechanism of freezing method on nuclide seepage was ultimately revealed through the integral calculations of ice volume in frozen wall. The research found that the number of freezing tubes is the main controlling factor determining the critical initial flow rate of frozen wall. The permeability coefficient time-history curve can be used to identify the local melting phenomenon of frozen wall within a certain period. The increase in osmotic pressure difference and the permeability coefficient can compensate for the insensitivity of the temperature field to changes in flow rate. The accelerated growth of ice crystals, driven by the migration and phase transition of capillary-film water from unfrozen pores to macropores under an increased number of freezing tubes and without seepage, is the key factor contributing to the significant improvement in seepage prevention. This study provides effective references for exploring the blocking mechanism of freezing method on nuclear contaminated water, early warning of frozen wall disasters, and optimization of artificial freezing parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 104478"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probability models to convert snowpack stability into the number of dry-snow avalanches in North Japan","authors":"Yuta Katsuyama,&nbsp;Takafumi Katsushima,&nbsp;Yukari Takeuchi","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forecasting avalanches by numerically simulating snowpack stability is currently challenging. This study proposes probability models that convert the natural snowpack stability index estimated by the physical-based snowpack model into the probability of the number of dry-snow avalanches per day. For this purpose, three types of probability models formulated by Poisson, Negative Binomial, and Zero-Inflated Poisson distributions were developed, assuming that the avalanche occurrences follow a nonhomogeneous Poisson process. In these models, the expected number of avalanches per day increases exponentially with larger unstable snowpack areas where the stability index is below a threshold. Bayesian inference has optimized the models to fit the historical avalanches from the winter of 1958/1959 to the winter of 2011/2012 in December, January, and February in north Japan and Niigata regions. The optimized models largely replicated the probability density function of the number of historical avalanches and their exponential increase with increasing unstable snowpack areas. The posterior predictive checks and the widely applicable information criteria both indicated that the model formulated by Negative Binomial distribution best reproduced the number of historical avalanches. However, the models underestimated the number of avalanches in recent decades due to the nonhomogeneity in the statistical sensitivity of avalanche occurrences to the snowpack instability. We also demonstrated some practical applications of the models, such as predicting avalanche occurrences and reproducing the annual number of avalanches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 104480"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and numerical investigations on novel assembled channel lining applied to seasonally frozen ground regions","authors":"Jianqiang Gao ,&nbsp;Kailei Lu ,&nbsp;Yuanming Lai ,&nbsp;Ke Wang ,&nbsp;Qinguo Ma ,&nbsp;Qionglin Li ,&nbsp;Jing Zhang ,&nbsp;Yani Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104475","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104475","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The damage of channel lining under frost heave action has seriously affected its long-term effective service performance. In this study, a laboratory experiment was carried out under freeze-thaw cycles. The effectiveness of the anti-frost heave performance of the novel assembled channel lining was verified by comparison analysis of the subsoil hydro-thermal characteristics and the deformation tendency of the lining with that of the normal channel. Then, a thermal-hydro-mechanical model was established to numerically study the long-term performance of the novel assembled channel lining on the basis of laboratory test verification. Results revealed that the subsoil freeze-thaw characteristics in different positions have obvious temporal-spatial differences with air temperature variation. The long-term reverse deformation of the linings between slope toe and bottom center is the main cause for the bottom lining failure of the normal channel. The synergistic deformability of assembled channel lining makes it always maintain a good integrity in the process of freeze-thaw, and effectively improving the long-term service performance of the channel. As a preliminary study of channel lining, the conclusions can provide reference for the design, maintenance and further research of channel lining in cold regions in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 104475"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermographic analysis of ethylene glycol–based aircraft anti-icing fluid: Investigation of fluid failure mechanisms during simulated snow endurance tests","authors":"Sanae Benaissa,&nbsp;Derek Harvey,&nbsp;Gelareh Momen","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Applying anti-icing fluid is the primary method of protecting aircraft surfaces from freezing precipitation before takeoff. This research's main objective is to deepen our understanding of the fluid failure mechanisms using the infrared thermography technique to observe the snow-fluid interactions. We use a laboratory-scale setup with an optical and infrared camera to study the interaction between artificial snow and anti-icing fluids. The thermal aspects of snow melting upon deposition on an ethylene glycol–based fluid are examined for different ethylene glycol concentrations, snow mass deposits, and temperatures. When the freezing temperature of the water–ethylene glycol mixture is lower than the ambient temperature, deposited snow causes an instant temperature drop, revealing that a fraction of the snow undergoes an instantaneous phase change. Depending on the ethylene glycol concentration, ambient temperature, and snow mass input, the snow-to-water transformation may be total or partial. The magnitude of the temperature drop is proportional to the amount of snow melting and limited by the variation in local fluid concentration resulting from the melting process. As the ethylene glycol concentration decreases and the mixture's freezing point approaches the ambient temperature, the absence of temperature variation indicates that the snow remains solid and that the snow accumulation process is initiated. We demonstrate that the surrounding ambient temperature influences the melting rate. Higher temperature gradients are achieved at an ambient temperature of −5 °C, and the melt rate exhibits sensitivity to the studied snow mass. At −10 °C and −15 °C, temperature gradients due to snow melting are reduced and sensitivity to snow mass becomes negligible for the lowest masses achieved for these tests. This study provides insights into the failure mechanisms of anti-icing fluids. Thermal failure is indicated by the absence of a temperature change after snow deposition, signifying fluid melt saturation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 104472"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}