Cold Regions Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"A high-precision saltwater ice thickness and salinity detection method based on capacitive coupled planar microwave resonator","authors":"Han Shi ,&nbsp;Mengjie Song ,&nbsp;Junfeng Ge ,&nbsp;Long Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2024.104417","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2024.104417","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The formation of saltwater ice on a ship can result in damage to the safety of the crew and the ship itself. A capacitive coupled split-ring resonant sensor was employed to investigate the influence of thickness and salinity of saltwater and saltwater ice on the transmission scattering parameter signal of the sensor. The resonant amplitude of the signal exhibited a near linear relationship with the salinity of saltwater samples, increasing from −18.24 dB to −14.75 dB as the salinity increased from 0 % to 20 %. The resonant amplitude exhibited a significantly decrease of 20.28 dB with the salinity of saltwater ice increasing from 0 to 15 %, and would be relatively stable at around −21.72 dB when the salinity of saltwater ice increased above 10 %. The salinity would be more sensitively detected in saltwater ice than in saltwater in the range of 0–10 %, where the resonant amplitude decreased 20.28 dB as the salinity increased. The measurement accuracy for salinity detection in saltwater ice was 70.22 %. The thickness of saltwater ice was able to detected accurately in the range of 0–15 mm with an accuracy of 86.9 %. In conclusion, this work provides a reference for the detection of saltwater ice on ship hulls and offshore wind turbines, thereby improving the efficiency and safety of these offshore structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 104417"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-situ icing and water condensation study on Ni scaffold promoted liquid-infused surfaces","authors":"Jie Wang ,&nbsp;Mengjuan Wu ,&nbsp;Bo Qi ,&nbsp;Shuang Wang ,&nbsp;Xianghui Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ice protection related applications have raised notable academic and industrial attention in recent years. The induction of icephobicity primarily involves the modification of surface characteristics and inherent material properties. One of the significant factors influencing the icephobicity is the surface roughness, as the presence of surface rough asperities may serve as the potential ice anchoring points, especially under high humidity conditions. In this work, the Observation of in-situ water condensation and icing was undertaken on Ni/PDMS icephobic surfaces with varying surface topographies to enhance comprehension of water condensation and ice formation patterns under controlled humidity, pressure, and temperature conditions. It was noted that the surface topography exerts a substantial influence on the water micro-condensation, ice formation and retraction processes. The water micro-condensation normally occurs along the rougher asperities of the sample surfaces. The subsequent analysis indicated a more severe and intensified ice interlock on rougher surfaces. While on smoother surfaces, the lack of capacity to induce anchoring resulted in the reduced observed ice, facilitating a more straightforward ice retraction process. The findings indicated a noteworthy correlation between the dislodgment of ice and interlocking mechanism stemming from the surface rough voids, emphasizing the significance of taking these factors into account in the design and fabrication of ice-repellent surfaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 104418"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel electroosmosis-heating method for heaving reduction of sulfate saline soil during cooling process","authors":"Ling Fan,&nbsp;Zhancheng Wang,&nbsp;Yanchang Li,&nbsp;Shuquan Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2024.104415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2024.104415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The salt heaving of sulfate saline soil seriously affects the safety and service lives of various facilities in saline soil areas worldwide. Electrosmosis-heating (EOH) can theoretically mitigate the serious influence, but its mechanism is unclear. A series of salt heaving and microscopic experiments were conducted using EOH and electron microscopy, respectively. Soil temperature, relative humidity (RH), salt heaving and microstructure in the experiment were monitored and analyzed at different electric potential gradients and electrode sizes. The experimental results show that salt heaving can be effectively reduced by EOH. Soil temperature, RH, salt heaving and its reduction increase with increasing electric potential gradient and electrode size. The above variables increase with time at relatively high electric potential gradients while the first two variables are reduced under lower ones. The mechanism of EOH heaving reduction is the increase of soil temperature and RH caused by heating, the reduction of water and salt content induced by electroosmosis, and pore space is reduced. The effects of electroosmosis and heating on the reduction of salt heaving decrease and increase respectively with the rise of potential gradient. This research provides a theoretical basis for using the EOH method to prevent salt heaving in sulfate saline soils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 104415"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143155035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of hull angles on ice loads, based on the measured shell plate deformations of a detachable bow on lake Saimaa","authors":"Ville Valtonen","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2024.104409","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2024.104409","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the permanent deformations on the shell plating of the detachable WARC bow were measured and analyzed. The bow was operated mainly on the Saimaa region in Finland from 1986 to 2021. From the measured deformations, the ice loads were calculated using both the analytical methods developed by Ranki and Hayward and non-linear finite element method and these were compared. Finite element analysis was used to show that the load height must have been at maximum 77 mm. The measured loads were compared both to the design ice loads from the IACS PC rules, and to the ice loads calculated with the same basic methods using scenarios and ice properties more aligned with the actual operation of the WARC bow and the ice conditions on lake Saimaa. It was found that the correlation between the hull angles and the ice loads according to the PC rules and the Daley-Popov collision model agree well with the measured results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 104409"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the predictability of rock strength under freeze-thaw cycles - A hybrid model of SHAP-IPOA-XGBoost","authors":"Yuhang Liu,&nbsp;Xiangtian Xu,&nbsp;Jiwei Wang,&nbsp;Yongtao Wang,&nbsp;Caixia Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2024.104416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2024.104416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As environmental dynamics increasingly influence the stability of engineering materials, accurately predicting sandstone strength under freeze-thaw cycles has become essential. This study presents a new method, IPOA-XGBoost, integrating an improved Pelican Optimization Algorithm (IPOA) with Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) to accurately forecast sandstone strength in freeze-thaw environments. Principal component analysis (PCA) is employed for reducing data dimensionality, while IPOA optimizes the hyperparameters of the XGBoost model. Experimental findings show that the IPOA-XGBoost model outperforms traditional methods, delivering improved accuracy and robustness in both training and testing datasets. To address the “black box” challenge of machine learning models, SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) values are applied to clarify the impact of individual features on prediction outcomes, validating SHAP's reliability as an interpretive tool. The findings highlight the importance of strain rate (SR), impact pressure (IP), and confining pressure (CP) as key variables affecting sandstone strength predictions. This methodology provides significant insights for predicting sandstone strength in applied engineering contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 104416"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A probabilistic methodology to estimate site-scale thaw settlement in permafrost terrain under climate change","authors":"K. Roghangar,&nbsp;J.L. Hayley","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2024.104413","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2024.104413","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In permafrost terrain climate change poses a severe threat to infrastructure. Deterministic methods for predicting soil temperature profiles struggle to account for inherent uncertainties in soil properties and surface conditions such as spatial and temporal variations and heterogeneity in surface material characteristics. This paper addresses this limitation by developing a probabilistic thermal analysis model using Monte Carlo simulations in Python, integrated with TEMP/W software. The model provides an estimate of site-scale thaw depth and associated thaw settlement of permafrost sediments in Hudson Bay Railway region under the worst-case climate scenario predictions for 2023–2100. The results of this study indicate that understanding the initial ground temperature conditions is critical for realistic predictions of both short-term and long-term thaw depths and thaw settlement variability. This research reveals that climate warming trends will likely accelerate the rate and depth of permafrost thaw, as evidenced by the increasing variability of possible thaw depth and settlements, which become more diverse and exhibit multiple probabilities as climate warming intensifies throughout the century. The methodology was also used to understand the sensitivity of input parameters and identified moisture content and thawing and freezing indices as the key drivers influencing the magnitude and variability of estimated thaw settlement, respectively. The methodology presented in this study provides valuable information on the distribution of potential outcomes when climate change is incorporated into thaw prediction. This research builds on existing knowledge of uncertainties in permafrost modeling with climate change scenarios and contributes by providing a probabilistic framework that integrates these uncertainties into infrastructure resilience, serviceability, and maintenance assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 104413"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143155030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic analysis of a vehicle-track coupled system subjected to uneven frost heave in the subgrade-bridge transition zone","authors":"Binqiang Li ,&nbsp;Jun Luo ,&nbsp;Yanbo Bai ,&nbsp;Zhenxing He ,&nbsp;Yapeng Wang ,&nbsp;Penghao Li ,&nbsp;Wanming Zhai","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2024.104414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2024.104414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Uneven frost heave is frequently encountered in the subgrade-bridge transition zones (SBTZ) in seasonally frozen soil regions, which could lead to the deformation of track and even jeopardize running safety of vehicles. To this end, this paper conducts dynamic analysis of a vehicle-track coupled system accounting for the effect of frost heave deformation. Initially, the finite element method is used to obtain the relationship between rail irregularity and frost heave deformation. Then, a vehicle-track vertically coupled dynamics model is established, and its accuracy is validated by the measured data, published results and existing model. The time-domain dynamic responses of a vehicle-track coupled system under typical frost heave are analyzed. Afterwards, parametric analysis of frost heave deformation is conducted. Finally, the control threshold of frost heave is proposed from aspects of vehicle running safety, comfort, and track deformation. Numerical results indicate that the allowable amplitude of frost heave should be respectively restricted to 5, 20, and 25 mm for frost heave wavelengths less than 10 m, between 10 and 15 m, and greater than 15 m. The research findings offer theoretical support for the maintenance and operation of track in the SBTZ in seasonally frozen soil regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 104414"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143155352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Documenting, quantifying, and modeling a large glide avalanche in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA","authors":"James Dillon ,&nbsp;Erich Peitzsch ,&nbsp;Zachary Miller ,&nbsp;Perry Bartelt ,&nbsp;Kevin Hammonds","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2024.104412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2024.104412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glide avalanches present a significant and repetitive challenge to many operational forecasting programs, and they are likely to become more frequent. While the spatial location of glide release areas is extremely consistent, the onset of glide avalanche release is notoriously difficult to forecast, and their destructive potential can be immense. Thus, the timing and dynamics of glide avalanches is an important area of study. To better understand these processes, and to improve assessments of risk to transportation corridors and infrastructure, event documentation is key. Here, we survey a large glide avalanche event along the Going-to-the-Sun Road in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA, during road opening operations in the spring of 2022. Using three sets of terrestrial lidar data (pre-event, post-event, and snow-off), we quantified key aspects of the avalanche and created powerful visualizations for analysis. Further, we evaluated meteorological data from automated weather stations between the onset of glide cracking and avalanche release. Last, we synthesized lidar data with a numerical dynamics model to replicate the event in a simulated environment. Using the tuned model, we determined the critical mean snow depth in the release area necessary for an avalanche to reach the road (4.2 m). Our method may be of particular use for glide avalanches, which tend to release in roughly the same place and time each year at a known interface. This could make the calculated critical depths more consistently reliable and preclude the need for additional tuning in dynamics models. As 1) lidar technology continues to improve and reduce in cost, 2) transportation corridors continue to extend into avalanche terrain, and 3) glide avalanches potentially become increasingly frequent, the synthesis outlined here provides a valuable tool for operational forecasters considering infrastructure threatened by glide events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 104412"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of the methods of assessing frost heave susceptibility","authors":"Haosong He,&nbsp;Jidong Teng,&nbsp;Shengwei Zhao,&nbsp;Wei Guan,&nbsp;Sheng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2024.104406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2024.104406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Frost heave susceptibility (FHS) is a criterion to quantify the potential of soil to produce frost heave, which is widely applied in infrastructure construction in cold regions. Although more than 100 methods have been proposed to assess FHS, there are large discrepancies between the predicted and observed FHS, and their performance has not been systematically compared. Hence, this study summarizes the definitions, classifications, testing methods, advantages, and disadvantages of seven commonly used methods based on the following indices, i.e., fine content (<span><span>USACE, 1984</span></span>), segregation potential SP (<span><span>Konrad, 1980</span></span>), the <em>R</em> index (<span><span>Teng et al., 2023</span></span>), frost heave rate (<span><span>ASTM D5918, 2013</span></span>), frost heave ratio (<span><span>GB-50324, 2014</span></span>), frost heave (<span><span>Roe and Webster, 1984</span></span>), and frost heave slope <em>p</em> (<span><span>NF P98–234-2, 1996</span></span>). Comparative analysis of these methods shows that each method has its own applicable conditions. The key is to choose an appropriate method to assess FHS according to the specific conditions. Frost heave rate, frost heave, frost heave slope <em>p</em>, and the <em>R</em> are suitable for evaluating macroscopic frost heave. Segregation potential effectively describes the water flow velocity at the frozen fringe. Frost heave ratio characterizes both frost heave and frost depth. At the engineering scale, the fine content method offers significant advantages. Further analyses indicate that the <em>R</em> and <em>p</em> indices are the stable methods. Frost heave and frost heave ratio increase over time, while segregation potential and frost heave rate generally exhibit a decreasing trend. Methods with similar dimensions exhibit strong linear relationships between them, while those with different dimensions lack substantial relationships, making the comparison challenging. This paper may provide a reference for selecting a method to assess FHS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 104406"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143155034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing class imbalance in avalanche forecasting","authors":"Manish Kala ,&nbsp;Shweta Jain ,&nbsp;Amreek Singh ,&nbsp;Narayanan Chatapuram Krishnan","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2024.104411","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2024.104411","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural disasters like avalanches and earthquakes are examples of rare events. Predicting such events using supervised classification machine learning models suffers from the class imbalance problem. The number of non-avalanche days exceed the number of avalanche days, and such data distribution skewness interferes with the construction of decision boundaries to support the decision-making procedure. This paper analyses class imbalance from the perspective of avalanche prediction by involving multiple classification approaches, three oversampling and two undersampling techniques, and cost-sensitive approaches. The supervised approaches aimed to predict days with and without avalanches as binary classification. The study was conducted using past 25 seasons of snow and meteorological parameters recorded for two climatologically diverse avalanche prone regions of Indian Himalayas with different levels of class imbalance. The paper also proposes more extensive use of evaluation metrics like balanced accuracy, geometric mean, Probability of Detection (POD) and Peirce Skill Score (PSS) that are pertinent to imbalanced class domains like avalanche forecasting. Extensive empirical experiments and evaluations amply demonstrate that these class balancing techniques lead to significant improvements in the performance of avalanche forecasting models for both regions, albeit with some variations. The POD values improved to 0.83 for Random Forest classifier, 0.65 for Support Vector Machine classifier and 0.75 for Logistic Regression classifier; PSS values also improved to 0.53, 0.47 and 0.5 for Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, and Logistic Regression classifiers, respectively. These findings are complemented by theoretical insights on the proposed solutions to the class imbalance. Our results suggest that the classification based avalanche forecasting models trained using proposed approaches can serve as valuable supplementary decision support tool for avalanche forecasters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 104411"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143155033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}