Cold Regions Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Mechanism of salt-frost heave in sulfate-affected soils: Unveiling the dynamics of moisture-vapour-salt transfer and crystallization-induced deformation","authors":"Yibo Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuanming Lai ,&nbsp;Jing Zhang ,&nbsp;Mingyi Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhimin Chen ,&nbsp;Ruiqiang Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104698","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The moisture-vapour-salt (MVS) transfer is the key mechanism driving moisture and salt accumulation beneath impermeable layers in saline soils of cold regions. This process initiates salt-frost heave (SFH), posing serious risks to the safety and stability of roads, hydraulic structures, and power transmission facilities. Through theoretical analysis, the critical factors controlling ice-water phase transition and salt crystallization during freezing in sulfate-affected soils were identified. The dominant influencing parameters were determined, and corresponding calculation methods were proposed. A unidirectional stepwise freezing experiment was conducted on unsaturated sulfate-affected soils to investigate the MVS transfer and spatial redistribution. The mechanisms by which vapour-moisture-ice transitions and salt crystallization contribute to the SFH were clarified. Results show that under stepwise freezing, volumetric unfrozen water content (VWC) and pore solution concentration decrease in distinct stages. In the initial cooling phase, rapid freezing occurs at the cold end, with limited moisture and salt migration. Vapour migrates upward and condenses into a thin ice layer at the surface. As stepwise freezing progresses, continuous MVS transfer toward the freezing front leads to the formation of three distinct freezing regions, each showing peak moisture and salt concentrations near the front. In the unfrozen zone, upward migration of moisture and salt persists until the water content drops below a critical threshold, disrupting capillary continuity. At this point, moisture transport weakens, and soil deformation gradually stabilizes. The SFH is closely associated with the MVS migration, multiphase transitions among air, water, and ice, and salt crystallization. These coupled processes lead to dynamic redistribution and ultimately trigger cascading failures through crystallization-induced deformation. This study reveals the multiphase-multifield coupling mechanism in unsaturated saline soils, providing a theoretical basis for controlling the MVS transfer and preventing SFH in engineering projects in cold and arid regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 104698"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying snow depth fluctuations based on a data-driven approach: Case study in Japan","authors":"Ryosuke Harakawa ,&nbsp;Yuki Mikado ,&nbsp;Sojiro Sunako ,&nbsp;Satoru Yamaguchi ,&nbsp;Masahiro Iwahashi","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purpose of this study is to quantify snow depth fluctuations over a multi-year period using a data-driven approach. We analyze snow depth data from November 1 to April 30 over the period 1965–2024 in Nagaoka, a populous city in Japan that experiences heavy snowfall. This paper investigates two phenomena predicted by snow scientists: a decrease in the total snow depth throughout the year and an increase in heavy snowfall for a short period in early winter. Using an interpretable basis decomposition method, we represent the snow depth for each year as a nonnegative weighted sum of basis elements corresponding to the middle of February, late March, and early January. This enables us to prove a decrease in the total snow depth throughout the year. We show that the snow depth in late March has decreased over time, indicating a relationship with rising temperatures. In contrast, the proportion of the total snow depth reached in early January has increased in recent years. This may be related to extreme weather, including an increase in heavy snowfall for a short period in early winter. In this way, our method provides quantitative evidence that recent snowfall patterns deviate from historical trends. Our data-driven approach has the versatility and applicability to a variety of studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 104690"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Support Vector Machines with pre-and post-processing techniques for forecasting ice onset dates on the Yellow River","authors":"Youcai Tuo ,&nbsp;Wei Sun ,&nbsp;Zerong Rong ,&nbsp;Xinchuan Lu ,&nbsp;Chao Sun ,&nbsp;Zexi Huang ,&nbsp;Xinlin Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaokang Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104696","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104696","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ice onset date is closely related to environmental conditions, which have fundamental impacts on river ecosystems and local communities. However, forecasting of this ecological indicator is seldom reported. In this study, several Support Vector Machine (SVM) models coupled with pre- and post-processing techniques were developed and evaluated to enhance prediction accuracy of ice onset dates at the Toudaoguai Station on the Yellow River, China. Initially, a five-factor SVM model was constructed using historical data of ice onset dates and associated factors. Subsequently, Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) were employed to decompose the ice onset date series into multiple intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). These SVM models were then developed for each IMF and residual, and their predictions were aggregated. Furthermore, we explored SVM models with reduced input factors and integrated them using the Simple Averaging Method (SAM) to improve the overall performance. Given the limited dataset, the Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation (LOOCV) method was employed for rigorous model comparison. The results indicate that while the five-factor SVM model demonstrated strong predictive capability, the integration of pre-processing techniques (EMD and VMD) did not significantly enhance performance. However, the post-processing method using SAM with reduced input factors achieved the best results, highlighting the effectiveness of ensemble learning in this context. The practical usage of the proposed forecasting method was also discussed. This study provides novel tools for ice onset date forecasting, offering valuable insights for ice regime management and flood prevention in the Yellow River.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 104696"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation and analysis of root zone soil moisture products in the frozen soil of the western Daxinganling Mountains based on In-Situ data","authors":"Wei Shan ,&nbsp;Xianju Yuan ,&nbsp;Ying Guo ,&nbsp;Chengcheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Yan Wang ,&nbsp;Lisha Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a major permafrost region in northeastern China, the western Daxinganling Mountains are characterized by extensive forest, agricultural, and pastoral resources. While the ecosystem exhibits high fragility, its substantial carbon sequestration capacity significantly contributes to global climate regulation. This study systematically evaluated root-zone soil moisture (RZSM) products—including SMAP-L4, ERA5-Land, GLDAS-2.1, and GLDAS-2.2—utilizing in situ ground station observations and multiple quantitative metrics. The objective was to quantify the accuracy of RZSM products in representing soil moisture, identify sources of error, and provide scientific support for their practical applications. The results show that, excluding seasonal frozen soil zones, RZSM products have limited capacity to capture phase transitions of soil moisture during freeze–thaw cycles, consistently showing wet biases. Notably, GLDAS-2.1 outperforms other products in regions with well-developed permafrost, whereas SMAP-L4 shows superior performance in areas with sparse permafrost coverage. Furthermore, RZSM products overestimate soil temperatures, leading to an extended thawing period of permafrost. This overestimation is particularly evident at sites GM01 and GM02, where pronounced discrepancies compared to field measurements are observed. In conclusion, the practical application of RZSM products in permafrost regions remains constrained, and their full scientific potential has yet to be harnessed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 104694"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local scour around submerged spur dikes under ice-covered conditions: experimental and numerical investigation","authors":"Guowei Li,&nbsp;Jueyi Sui,&nbsp;Mauricio Dziedzic,&nbsp;Faran Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Local scour around submerged hydraulic structures under ice-covered conditions poses challenges to infrastructure stability and sediment management in cold-region waterways. This study investigates how the geometry of submerged spur dikes and the presence of ice cover influence local scour. Through flume experiments and numerical simulations, we analyze channel bed deformation and flow patterns around submerged spur dikes with varying slopes (both frontal and rear) in open and ice-covered flow conditions. The study analyzes how smooth and rough ice covers affect the scour profile, flow velocity fields, and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) around the dikes. The results demonstrate that rough ice cover increases flow turbulence and local scour depth, with vertical wall dikes showing a greater maximum scour depth under rough ice-covered flow conditions. Notably, trapezoidal spur dikes, particularly those with a 30° slope, reduce maximum scour depths by dispersing turbulence over a broader area and minimizing near-bed shear stress, as evidenced by the reduction in peak turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) compared to vertical wall dikes. Numerical simulations closely replicate these dynamics and uniquely identify the absence of secondary scour holes around trapezoidal dikes under rough ice cover. The developed empirical equations incorporate parameters such as ice roughness (<em>n</em>_<em>i</em><em>/n</em>_<em>b</em>) and dike geometry, improving the accuracy of scour depth estimation compared to existing models by accounting for ice cover effects and dike profile configurations, offering enhanced tools for designing scour-resistant structures in cold-region waterways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 104695"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145096231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shear behaviour and pore characteristics of biochar amended recycled concrete aggregates subjected to freeze-thaw cycles","authors":"Yongsheng Yao ,&nbsp;Lei Wang ,&nbsp;Haowen Guo ,&nbsp;Jue Li ,&nbsp;Lihao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCAs) as road base materials provides environmental and economic benefits in preserving natural resources and reducing solid waste. Biochar derived from the pyrolysis of agricultural waste has been proven to serve as a sustainable and eco-friendly amendment, used to mitigate the environmental risks associated with construction waste. This study conducts a series of drained triaxial tests to assess the effects of biochar on the shear behaviour of RCAs under freeze-thaw (F-T) cycles. Three biochar contents are considered in this study (0 %, 5 % and 10 % (g/g)). According to the results, biochar helps to increase the peak shear stress of RCA by up to 60 % without F-T cycles. However, due to the pore structure evolution, the shear stress for biochar-amended cases is lower than the bare RCA after 5 F-T cycles. Adding biochar increases the critical state friction angle by 20 %. Nevertheless, biochar has an insignificant influence on the critical state shear strength under low confining stress regardless of F-T cycles. Moreover, the differences in the shear strength behaviour between specimens with 5 % and 10 % biochar are insignificant. The amendment of 5 % biochar is thus suggested as it can substantially enhance the mechanical behaviours of RCA during shear.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 104692"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145096230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on determination of parameters in classical SFCC model","authors":"Xusheng Wan ,&nbsp;Yu Zhao ,&nbsp;Jianguo lu ,&nbsp;Zhongrui Yan ,&nbsp;Jishuai Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104691","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104691","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The variation of unfrozen water content with temperature significantly affects the heat and mass transport in frozen soil. The phase change-induced variations in unfrozen water content with temperature variation in frozen soils can cause frost heave and thaw settlement, consequently compromising the stability of infrastructure. The typical soil frozen characteristic curve (SFCC) depicts the variation of unfrozen water content at different temperatures; however, the lack of a universal computational method for ascertaining model parameters, which primarily depend on empirical fitting, considerably undermines the model's computational efficiency. To solve the problem, premelting theory and probabilistic ice formation were used to calculate the parameters in SFCC model. Based on the SFCC model presented by the Van Genuchten model, the relationship among model parameters <em>n</em> and <em>α</em> and temperature, equivalent particle size, Hamaker constant and other physical quantities was derived. By verifying the experimental data of 10 groups of different soil samples, the proposed parameter calculation method can effectively predict the unfrozen water content, and the calculated values are in good agreement with the experimental values. The results show that the parameters in classical SFCC model are correlated with ice-water interface free energy, the density of liquid solution, density of ice, Hamaker constant equivalent particle size, latent heat and temperature. The parameter calculation method proposed in this study addresses the limitation of existing empirical models that they cannot derive parameter values directly without compromising the original model's predictive accuracy, thereby offering a new approach for utilizing the SFCC model to predict unfrozen water content and conduct multi-physics coupling numerical simulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 104691"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145096232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feedback of hydro-thermal-chemical dynamics on salt-frost heave in sulfate-affected soils: Insights from freeze-thaw cycle experiments","authors":"Dongwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Jing Zhang ,&nbsp;Mingyi Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuanming Lai ,&nbsp;Zhimin Chen ,&nbsp;Yanyan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Freeze-thaw cycles (FTC) significantly intensify salt-frost heave (SFH) in sulfate-affected soils, threatening the long-term safety and stability of engineering projects in salinized cold regions. The FTC experiments were conducted on sulfate-affected soils with varying initial moisture content, salt content, and temperature amplitude to analyze moisture-heat-solute transfer and the SFH characteristics. The study identified how variations in water and salt content affect the SFH and residual deformation, revealing the feedback mechanism of water and salt redistribution on the SFH. The study shows that, a salt peak forms in the freezing zone of sulfate-affected soils during the FTC. Increased initial moisture content promotes moisture-solute migration, while higher salt content inhibits salt precipitation. After FTC, salt redistribution varies with changes in initial moisture and salt content. Higher moisture content accelerates the migration of water and salts to the freezing zone, causing greater salt accumulation and more pronounced residual deformation. Increased salt content raises the total amount of salts in the freezing zone, enhancing the SFH and residual deformation. Lowering the temperature at the cold end increases the migration of moisture and solutes, further promoting salt and water accumulation in the freezing zone and resulting in more significant the SFH. Soil deformation is linked to moisture-solute migration, ice-water phase transition, and salt precipitation-dissolution process. This chain-like failure process starts with migration and accumulation, followed by dynamic redistribution, pore enrichment, and crystallization-induced damage. The study reveals the coupled hydro-thermal-chemical-mechanical (HTCM) interaction in sulfate saline soil during the FTC, providing a theoretical foundation for engineering projects in cold regions, and improving the safety and stability of such projects throughout their lifecycle in saline-affected areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 104693"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145096223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the dynamic and deformation characteristics of unsaturated frozen sulfate saline red clay","authors":"Rongkai Wen ,&nbsp;Wei Wen ,&nbsp;Pingbao Yin ,&nbsp;Zhemin You ,&nbsp;Qingguo Ma ,&nbsp;Haibo Huang ,&nbsp;Lijuan Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104666","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104666","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In negative temperature environments, the moisture and solutes within saline soils may crystallize into ice and salt, respectively, inducing recurrent frost heave and salt expansion phenomena, and occurring differential settlement under temperature fluctuations and dynamic loading. To elucidate the dynamic behavior of frozen subgrade under cyclic loading, a series of dynamic triaxial tests was conducted on unsaturated, sulfate-contaminated frozen red clay, with systematic variation in confining pressure, moisture content, and salinity. Experimental results reveal that a moderate amount of salt can enhance the structural stiffness of the soil-reflected by an 8 % increase in the dynamic elastic modulus (<em>E</em>_d), reduce the area of the hysteresis loop (36.30 %) and effectively mitigates plastic deformation correspondingly. The dynamic modulus exhibited a non-linear “increase-decrease-increase” trend with rising confining pressure. With the increasing of water contents, more water will transform into ice. To comprehensively evaluate the dynamic response, parameters such as dynamic modulus, hysteresis loop area, and strain rate were analyzed by using the entropy weight method combined with the Rank Sum Ratio (RSR) approach, which indicated that confining pressure of 300 kPa, water content of 18 %, and salinity of 1 % were the optimal combination of test conditions based on the RSR value 0.844 and minimum strain rate 0.008 mm/s to yield maximum dynamic modulus (19GPa) and moderate energy dissipation(110 MPa).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 104666"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145096224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on precursory warning of damage and failure in freeze-thaw sandstone based on acoustic-thermal joint monitoring","authors":"Hui Liu ,&nbsp;Mengjie Liu ,&nbsp;Gengshe Yang ,&nbsp;Xinyue Dai ,&nbsp;Yanjun Shen ,&nbsp;Bo Liang ,&nbsp;Xiao Ding ,&nbsp;Yali Xu ,&nbsp;Runqi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104679","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104679","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Freeze-thaw rock damage evolution is crucial for safety assessment and disaster early warning in cold region engineering. This study implements acoustic-thermal monitoring to identify precursors of geotechnical instability. By correlating acoustic emission (AE) parameters (energy, amplitude) with infrared thermography indices (maximum/mean radiation temperature), we dynamically characterize localized damage progression from initiation through shear band formation to ultimate failure. The self-correlation coefficient and coefficient of variation are proposed to quantitatively describe the loading failure process and localization of freeze-thaw sandstone. The spatial failure characteristics of localization are analyzed, and the damage time characteristics are revealed. The research findings demonstrate that AE event nucleation clusters emerge at 0.8<span><math><msub><mi>σ</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></math></span>∼<span><math><msub><mi>σ</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></math></span>, signaling localized deformation initiation. The deformation localization zone of freeze-thaw rock is first formed in the middle, and the initial damage location significantly affects the formation and failure mode of the localization zone. The self-correlation coefficient and the mutation point of the coefficient of variation of the acoustic emission can be used as the criterion of its formation time, and the change rule of the time and space entropy curve reflects the localization stage. The localized failure time of sandstone is advanced with the increase of freeze-thaw times. Comparative analysis of acoustic-thermal indicators reveals that auto-correlation coefficients exhibit superior sensitivity in characterizing deformation localization compared to thermal parameters. The integration of infrared thermography and AE monitoring significantly enhances reliability in identifying precursory signals for rock instability and engineering catastrophes in cold regions.The combination of acoustic emission and thermal imaging technology can realize the advance warning of rock burst in the early warning of tunnel freeze-thaw disaster. In the stability management of frozen soil slope, a three-level risk classification threshold can be constructed to provide theoretical support for the differential support decision of engineering in cold regions. It is more advantageous to improve the reliability of freeze-thaw rock instability and failure and rock engineering disaster precursor identification in cold regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 104679"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145096229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}