Cold Regions Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Evaluating the importance of footloose-type failure in ice island deterioration modeling","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2024.104325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2024.104325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The drift and deterioration of large and tabular icebergs, also known as “ice islands” in the Arctic, are modeled for both operational (e.g., offshore risk mitigation) and research (e.g., oceanographic impact of melt water input) purposes. In this paper, we build a theoretical argument to show that the lateral deterioration of ice islands is controlled by the rate of sidewall notch growth at the waterline, with this growth leading to the development of underwater rams and buoyancy-induced calving via the ‘footloose’ mechanism. This dominance of footloose-type lateral deterioration allows for the majority of ice island deterioration to be simulated with only three oceanic variables: wave height, wave period, and sea-surface temperature. Information regarding the size and lineage of ice islands tracked in the Canadian Ice Island Drift, Deterioration and Detection (CI2D3) Database provides opportunity to assess our theoretical work, as the database serves as a validation dataset for simulations of ice island length and area change. When simulating the length reduction over time of ice islands tracked in the CI2D3 Database, the footloose model reduced the mean error over 80 d to +277 m, compared to −1545 and −1403 m with no-melt and thermal-melt models, respectively. We also demonstrate a new approach to simulating the areal deterioration of ice islands resulting from discrete footloose calving events. The approach utilizes two parameters: the length-to-width ratio of the ice island (<em>r</em>) and the width of a footloose calving event relative to the ice island's length (<em>K</em>). With <em>r</em> = 1.6 and <em>K</em>= 0.8, the mean error in modeled area was close to zero after 20 d of simulation. A comparison of stresses associated with footloose events from a 1D-beam model and those simulated with 3D finite-element modeling showed that the 1D and 3D simulations produce broadly similar results. This supports our approaches and parameter assignments for simulating ice island length and area reduction from footloose calving. These approaches can now be incorporated into ice island deterioration models. The benefit of this incorporation will be greatest for those interested in research of longer-term impacts of ice island deterioration on ocean properties given the greater improvements to model error over periods of time that are longer than those that usually concern offshore ice management operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142420200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical properties and anisotropy of sandstone during freeze-thaw cycle under unidirectional constraint","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2024.104324","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2024.104324","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To investigate the evolution of physical properties of sandstone under unidirectional constraint during freeze-thaw cycles, an experimental device was specifically designed. Unidirectional constraint freeze-thaw tests were performed on sandstone specimens. The study analyzed variations in the dry mass, saturated mass, and longitudinal wave velocity of the sandstone both before and after undergoing freeze-thaw cycles, as well as examining the evolution of resistivity throughout the process. Results revealed that an increase in the number of freeze-thaw cycles leads to a gradual increase in the saturated mass of sandstone, while its dry mass consistently decreases, irrespective of whether it is subjected to constraint or not. The change rates of both dry mass and saturated mass were found to be significantly lower under unidirectional constraint compared to that without constraint. With more freeze-thaw cycles, a decline in longitudinal wave velocity was noted. Under unconstrained conditions, no significant direction dependence in longitudinal wave velocity was detected. However, under unidirectional constraint, there was a smaller decrease in the longitudinal wave velocity along the direction of constraint compared to other directions. This indicates that constraint mitigates frost heave damage. In the temperature rise and maintenance stages, resistivity initially dropped, then increased prior to stabilizing at a constant value. Conversely, in temperature decrease and maintenance stages, resistivity first rose, then dipped before ultimately rising again. Temperature primarily influenced resistivity by affecting the ion movement velocity within pore water and the connectivity of the conductive network.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142272160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A self-adaption robust superhydrophobic cement mortar for resistance of cold environment","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2024.104323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2024.104323","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Superhydrophobic coatings have wide range of engineering applications due to its excellent wettability. However, the durability of superhydrophobic coatings is still challenging under complex environments, especially in cold regions. In this study, we prepared a new self-adaption superhydrophobic cement mortar (SSCM) by wettability modified aggregates with polydimethylsiloxane adhesive and silica nanoparticles decorated by 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane. Subsequently, a series of multi-scale characteristics of the SSCM sample were systematically investigated, including the micro morphology, the chemical compositions, the self-adaption robustness, the anti−/de-icing properties, and the freeze-thaw (F-T) resistance. The results indicate that surface and inside of the SSCM samples exhibit a self-adaption superhydrophobicity with the 150.0° contact angle due to the low surface energy micro/nano structure of wettability modified aggregates. Meanwhile, the SSCM sample shows excellent anti−/de-icing abilities due to the stable rough micro/nano structure under negative-temperature ambient, which can delay the droplet freezing time by 4.3 times than that of the contrast sample. Additionally, the newly exposed section of SSCM sample can still have the self-adaption superhydrophobicity and endow significant F-T resistance even if the surface of SSCM was damaged. Meanwhile, the SSCM sample can improve the F-T resistance by 45 % compared to the contrast sample. This work provides a new strategy to solve the durability limitation of superhydrophobic coating in engineering practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation on rock damage associated with ice-filling borehole blasting","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2024.104314","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2024.104314","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rock excavation and ore extraction in cold regions (e.g., alpine and high-altitude regions) are often conducted using the drill and blasting method. Ice may be presented in boreholes drilled in cold regions due to the potential freezing of water (e.g., water in rock fractures and pores) flowing into boreholes from the surrounding ground. The performance of rock blasting is inevitably affected by the presence of ice and no study has examined the effect of ice in boreholes on rock blasting performance. The present study investigates rock damage induced by the ice-filling borehole blasting. The damage modes and mechanisms of rock mass under the ice-filling borehole blasting are analyzed. The differences of rock damage induced by the sole ice-filling borehole blasting and the ice-water and ice-air mixed filling borehole blasting are identified. The effects of ice volumes in boreholes on blast-induced rock damage are examined. It is found that blast-induced rock damage is greatly reduced as water in boreholes turns into ice. In addition, the blasting with the ice volume greater than 6.7 % filled at the bottom of borehole can induce less rock damage compared to full-coupled charge blasting. To improve the performance of rock blasting with ice-filling boreholes, the effects of two methods, i.e., changing ignition locations and using different types of explosives on rock damage induced by the ice-filling borehole blasting are investigated. An empirical formula of rock damage volume incorporating ice volume, explosive properties, and rock properties is finally proposed as the reference for the design of ice-filling borehole blasting in cold regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165232X24001952/pdfft?md5=01fa5f5eb2296de2d5b3eecfcf03e57c&pid=1-s2.0-S0165232X24001952-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142167719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pavement damage characteristics in the permafrost regions based on UAV images and airborne LiDAR data","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2024.104313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2024.104313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The rapid degradation of “Xing'an-Baikal permafrost” in Northeast China has led to various road engineering problems. Efficient inspection and control of pavement quality are critical for maintaining the structural integrity of roads and driving safety in cold regions. Taking the Jagdaqi-Walagan section (JWS) of the Jagdaqi-Mo'he Highway as the object, based on field investigation, unmanned aerial vehicle images and airborne LiDAR data, combined with geographical information system, this study analyzed the pavement damage characteristics in mid- to high-latitude permafrost regions, including quantification of damage ratio, extraction of pavement cracks, and evaluation of pavement roughness and driving quality. The results showed that the average pavement damage ratio was 8.80 %, significantly higher in isolated permafrost regions. A higher damage rate in the Jagdaqi-Mo'he direction than the opposite, with a more concentrated cracking distribution. The worst pavement roughness and most severe pavement bumping at repetitive repair locations. This study provides an effective method for investigating pavement damages and analyzing their mechanisms, and explores the application potential of visible light images combined with LiDAR data in frozen soil engineering. The results provide a scientific basis for assessing current highway conditions, enabling scientific maintenance, and evaluating the risk of engineering damages.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142229362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The breaching mechanism of moraine dams with buried ice: A Review","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2024.104315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2024.104315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Moraine dams formed by the accumulation of loose glacial materials, typically exhibit poor consolidation properties and complex structure characteristics (especially with buried ice) which make them susceptible to failure. Influenced by global climate warming, the risk of moraine dam breaching is further exacerbated. This article summarizes the breaching modes, breaching mechanisms, and breaching numerical models of moraine dams, and analyzes several deficiencies: 1) The accuracy of long-term monitoring of moraine dams is relatively low, the dynamic monitoring for individual dam and its environment is insufficient; 2) Systematic research on how buried ice affects dam breaching is lacking, and a significant gap remains in the study of combined multiple breaching modes of moraine dams; 3) The predictive results of moraine dam breaching parameter models are quite unreliable, and physically-based mathematical models have not consider the influence of buried ice. Based on this, the article puts forward the following recommendations: 1) Enhance the understanding of climate change impacts on moraine dam breaching through long-term dynamic monitoring of moraine dams; 2) Focus on the erosion characteristics of materials, study the breaching process and mechanisms of ice-rich moraine dams under various breaching modes; 3) Reveal the response mechanism of moraine dams to temperature variations using numerical simulation techniques that couple thermal-stress modules and consider the phase change of ice, further revealing the breaching mechanisms of moraine dams containing buried ice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142172527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"River Ice Detection and Classification using Oblique Shore-based Photography","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2024.104303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2024.104303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>River ice processes significantly impact various aspects of river systems, such as hydraulics, sediment transport, water quality, and morphology. Therefore, understanding these processes is essential for cold-region river studies, ship navigation, and forecasting ice-induced hazards. Remote sensing and close-range photogrammetry have gained attention in recent years, thanks to the growing accessibility of affordable photogrammetry devices and advances in computer vision. Despite progress, acquiring fast, accurate, and long-term data remains challenging. This study presents a novel application of IceMaskNet, a river ice detection, segmentation, and quantification algorithm, specifically designed for oblique shore-based imagery. Built on an enhanced version of the instance segmentation algorithm, Mask R-CNN, IceMaskNet for oblique shore-based imagery was trained using 1795 manually annotated images of the Dauphin River. The algorithm demonstrates high accuracy in detecting and segmenting various river ice categories, achieving 90 % detection accuracy and 86 % segmentation masking accuracy. The developed algorithm was applied over a set of four years of oblique shore-based imagery along the Dauphin River. The algorithm was used in a case study to efficiently generate quantitative estimate of different ice classes in a section of the Dauphin river from long-term shore-based monitoring, significantly contributing to our understanding of river ice processes. The study shows the complex nature of river ice processes in the Dauphin River, and highlights the influence of factors such as air temperature, river flow, flow velocity, and river hydrodynamic characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142315309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal performance of heat drain under the road embankment near Hudson Strait Coast, Canada","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2024.104312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2024.104312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Climate warming has affected the transportation infrastructure in Nunavik, Quebec, Canada. Heat drain is an innovative heat extraction technique using density-driven convection of the pore air in the geocomposite of the heat drain to cool the ground during winter. This paper examines the thermal conditions of the road embankment including a heat drain installed in the shoulder at Salluit, Nunavik, Quebec, Canada. Following the installation of the heat drain, a decrease of the soil temperatures was observed. A 2-D finite element geothermal model was developed to reproduce the thermal regime underneath the heat drain, based on the site condition at Salluit. Field measurement of ground temperature for the four year monitoring period from 2012 to 2016, were used to calibrate the model. After the calibration, the long-term climate warming effects on the ground thermal regime was investigated using the model developed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142167720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observational validation of a numerical model to simulate snow accretion on a transmission line conductor with moment of inertia and torsion compliance","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2024.104309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2024.104309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We have developed the SNOVAL computational code to numerically simulate snow accretion on the conductor wire of a transmission line. Here, we present the theoretical aspects of SNOVAL version 2 such as the derivations of the model equations based on the physical process of snow accretion and conductor wire torsion, and the derivations of the mathematical form of the spatial and temporal discretization of the model equations. The validity of SNOVAL is examined using observational data obtained using a sector model apparatus designed to mimic snow accretion and wire rotation at the center of an actual transmission line. Field observations indicate that the SNOVAL snow accretion model is appropriate, although the SNOVAL results depend strongly on certain computational conditions such as the sticking efficiency, the accreted snow density, and an assumed mass-weighted terminal fall speed of wet snowflakes. Finally, the applicability of SNOVAL to snow accretion on a transmission line is demonstrated via numerical simulation of the dynamic behavior of wire rotation such as the snap-through phenomenon of a conductor wire equipped with counterweights.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142163950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gas flow in frozen hydrate-bearing sediments exposed to compression and high-pressure gradients: Experimental modeling","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2024.104310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2024.104310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Changes in temperature and pressure patterns in gas- and hydrate-saturated permafrost caused by natural geodynamic processes or human impacts can lead to the active flow of gas through unfrozen zones, and its explosive emission is often accompanied by crater formation. Gas flow and accumulation in the shallow permafrost can be explained by the conditions of gas pressure equal to or exceeding the overburden pressure and high-pressure gradients. For the first time, filtration tests were conducted on ice- and hydrate-saturated rocks under uniaxial compression at various negative temperatures using a developed methodology. The modeling of gas flow in a mixture of ice-saturated sand and 25 % montmorillonite at gas pressure gradients within 2 MPa, shows that gas flow can start at warm negative temperatures near the thaw point. Pore hydrate formation in frozen sand heated to positive temperatures and frozen back led to a linear decrease in gas permeability by up to eight times. However, the behavior of gas permeability during hydrate dissociation is nonlinear as it increased within a few hours after the onset of dissociation, but then decreased exponentially in the following 24 h.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142157904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}