Cold Regions Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Local scour around bridge abutments protected by angled spur dikes under ice-covered flow conditions","authors":"Rahim Jafari,&nbsp;Jueyi Sui","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104443","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104443","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Scouring around bridge piers and abutments presents a critical threat to bridge stability, necessitating effective mitigation strategies. Based on laboratory experiments in a large-scale flume which is 2.0-m wide and 38.5-m long, this study investigates the impact of non-submerged spur dikes with varying alignment angles of 45°, 60°, and 90° under different ice cover conditions on reducing local scour around bridge abutments located downstream of spur dikes. Results of this study reveal that the spur dike with an alignment angle of 90° relative to the downstream direction positioned 25 cm upstream of the abutment can effectively prevent the local scour around bridge abutment by redirecting flow and reducing vortex-induced erosion. The maximum depth of scour holes around bridge abutments increases with the increase in flow Froude number, relative roughness of ice cover and the dike alignment angle. On the other hand, the maximum depth of the scour hole decreases with the increase in the particle size of the bed material and the effective length of the dike. An empirical formula has been developed to determine the maximum depth of scour holes around bridge abutments, which are protected by spur dikes located upstream of the abutments. Clearly, the effective mitigation of local scour around bridge abutments varied with flow condition, ice cover roughness, particle size of bed material, alignment angle and the distance from the abutment to the spur dike located upstream of the abutments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 104443"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on snow removal characteristics and safety of the high-speed train operating through a snowdrift based on SPH-FEM coupling method","authors":"Yao Shuguang ,&nbsp;Zhang Peng ,&nbsp;Xing Jie ,&nbsp;Zhou YiLi","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When the high-speed train operates in high-latitude and cold regions, it often encounters a large amount of snowfall due to the weather, which leads to delays or even stoppage of the vehicles. It is of great engineering significance to ensure the fast and safe operation of the high-speed train after snowfall. In this paper, the snow plow for removing obstacles (SPRO) was evaluated in order for the high-speed train to operate in snowy environment. The smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method was adopted in this paper to simulate snowdrift on the rail. The dynamic response and safety of high-speed train operating under snowy environment were explored through the vehicle-snowdrift coupled finite element model based on the Ls-dyna solution. The deformation mode of the snowdrift, the trajectory of the particles after splashing, the variation of the longitudinal resistance force, the wheel-rail contact force and the wheel unloading rate were analyzed. The numerical results showed that the high applicability of the SPH in tracking the details of the particle splash, in addition to the accurate prediction of the dynamic response. Numerical comparisons were made to investigate the effects of different operating speeds, snow depths and snow densities on the dynamic response, and the prediction formula for the longitudinal resistance force was construct. The effects of different boundary conditions on the operational safety of high-speed train in snowy environments was analyzed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 104444"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical modeling for precast trapezoidal canal under the influence of bi-directional frost heave and field experimental verification","authors":"Jianrui Ge ,&nbsp;Yaxin Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhengzhong Wang ,&nbsp;Haoyuan Jiang ,&nbsp;Yonghong Niu ,&nbsp;Min Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Precast lined canals are important water conveyance structures; however, they often suffer severe frost heave hazardous in cold regions. Currently, the frost heave design of precast canallining canals mostly depends on engineering experience, and the analytical mechanical model under the frost heave action of foundation soil is seldom studied, which leads to a deficiency in existing design. First, the frost heave characteristics of the canal are analyzed, and the canal lining structure is regarded as simply supported beam. Then, the frost heave mechanical model of precast lining canal under bi-directional frost heave is established, and the bending moment and deflection are deduced. The accuracy of the model is verified by comparing with field monitoring test data. Finally, the frost heave law of the precast lining canal is revealed by parameter analysis. The results show that the bi-directional frost heave calculation method should be employed in shallow ground water, while the ordinary frost heave calculation method can be selected for deep ground water. The maximum displacement at the joint of the precast lining is 2.42 cm, less than 3 cm permissible displacement, whereas that of the cast lining is 1.65 cm, which is 46.67 % higher than that of the cast plate, the frost heave displacement of the cast-in-place plate is greater than 1 cm. This clearly demonstrates the superior deformation capacity and frost resistance. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for frost heave design of precast lining canals in cold regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 104434"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “A generalized thermal conductivity model of soil-rock mixture based on freezing characteristic curve” [Cold Regions Science and Technology 229 (2025) 104360].","authors":"Yindong Wang ,&nbsp;Jianguo Lu ,&nbsp;Wansheng Pei ,&nbsp;Xusheng Wan ,&nbsp;Jiajia Gao ,&nbsp;Fei Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104430","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 104430"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143153651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on shear behavior of geotextile encased lime energy column - soil interface in degraded permafrost environment","authors":"Guanfu Wang,&nbsp;Lei Zhou,&nbsp;Chuang Lin,&nbsp;Zhichao Liang,&nbsp;Decheng Feng,&nbsp;Feng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104431","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104431","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The differential settlement of warm permafrost foundations significantly impacts the safe operation of highway and railway embankments. The use of geotextile encased lime energy columns (GELECs) has been proven to be effective in pre-thawing shallow layers of warm permafrost as a novel method to reduce the post-construction settlement of embankments. Understanding the interaction between the GELECs and the soil is crucial in illustrating the load transfer mechanism. This study conducted a series of large-scale direct shear tests on GELEC-soil in degraded permafrost environments using an improved temperature-controlled direct shear test apparatus with assembled large shear boxes. The effects of different shear rates, water contents, and types of geotextiles on the mechanical behavior of the interface were analyzed. The strength development of the interface under various curing times was studied in detail. The experimental results indicate that the interface strength increases significantly during the initial stage of curing while the rate of strength increase diminishes over time. The improvement in peak shear strength is primarily attributed to the increase in interfacial cohesion, and the increasing trend of the cohesion follows an exponential decay function. And the microscopic strengthening mechanism of the interface was analyzed through SEM tests. Finally, a nonlinear elastic model incorporating a parameter to represent the variation of cohesion was developed to describe the shear stress-strain relationship at the GELEC-soil interface under different curing times.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 104431"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143154429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic ground motion study of layered site of saturated frozen soil under P-wave incidence","authors":"Qiang Ma ,&nbsp;Hao Jiao ,&nbsp;Xusheng Wan","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104426","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104426","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A two-dimensional model of layered saturated frozen soil over bedrock is developed based on porous media theory, focusing on the seismic response to P-wave incidence. The governing equations for saturated frozen soil are formulated and decoupled using the Helmholtz vector decomposition theorem, yielding a general solution for the potential function. Through the application of the transfer matrix method and interface boundary conditions, an analytical solution for surface displacement in saturated frozen soil is derived. This solution is validated against existing literature. The study comprehensively examines the effects of incident frequency, angle, the surface layer's porosity, medium temperature, cementation parameter, contact parameter, soil stiffness, and surface layer thickness on the seismic response. The key findings are as follows: A layered foundation model demonstrates the seismic effects of stratification on ground motion. Compared to uniform foundations, layered models better represent real-world conditions and reveal the amplification and frequency-dependent characteristics of soil stratification under the idealized analytical framework of this study. For constant incident frequency or medium temperature, the peak horizontal displacement amplification factor is higher in an upper-soft and lower-hard foundation compared to an upper-hard and lower-soft foundation. Horizontal and vertical displacement amplification coefficients exhibit periodic fluctuations with variations in soil thickness. High-frequency seismic waves induce pronounced fluctuations in the horizontal displacement amplification coefficient. Under the idealized analytical framework, the vertical displacement amplification coefficient tends to exceed the horizontal one across all frequencies. These findings provide theoretical insights but require validation through field measurements and numerical simulations to assess their applicability to real-world conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 104426"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143155039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical test and numerical simulation study of ice-bridge piers interaction","authors":"Kuan Li ,&nbsp;Wenliang Qiu ,&nbsp;Xin Zhao ,&nbsp;Lianmin Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In cold regions, the formation and movement of ice sheets around bridge piers over reservoirs can pose a significant threat to the safety of the structure by imposing a considerable static ice load. This paper takes the bridge pier frozen in the ice sheet as the research object, carried out the static ice load physical test of the interaction between the ice sheet and the bridge pier, and investigates the structural response under different ice sheet thicknesses, different bridge pier cross-section form, and different displacement rate. Additionally, a numerical simulation method, including cracking, was proposed for comparative verification of the test results. The conclusions of the study are as follows: As the ice sheet thickness increased in the test, the extrusion crushing area of the ice sheet became more extensive, with more cracks and longer extensions, accompanied by the intersection of ring cracks and vertical cracks. In square bridge pier tests, initial cracks in the ice appeared at the corner of the bridge pier on the tension side. In circular bridge pier tests, initial cracks appeared on both sides perpendicular to the forward direction of the pier. The peak loads of the numerical model considering the adfreeze were in good agreement with the physical test results, and the peak loads without considering the adfreeze were in good agreement with the current codes. The model considering the adfreeze had a broader range of cracks, and the cracks extended longer. The peak loads considering the adfreeze are proportional to those without considering the adfreeze, and the proportions differ for circular and square piers. Both the test results and the numerical modelling results show that the ice forces are greater with adfreeze present. Load values calculated from the current code (China 2016) are lower than the measured loads and from the numerical model with adfreeze present. Suggestion factors of 1.64 and 1.48 for circular and square piers respectively are proposed when adfreeze is present.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 104428"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the applicability of Eulerian methods for snow protection engineering and evaluation of the protective performance of typical collector fences","authors":"Yang Chen ,&nbsp;Zhixiang Yu ,&nbsp;Xiaoxiao Chen ,&nbsp;Zhixiang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104429","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104429","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study conducts the numerical implementation and solver development of four sub-models based on the Eulerian method with OpenFOAM software, which have been used in prior numerical simulations of wind-induced snow drifting. Verification studies are conducted on the sub-models to assess their applicability and limitations in the field of snow protection engineering. Wind tunnel experiments conducted on a snow fence in Hokkaido serve as a benchmark for these evaluations. A comparative analysis indicates that the mixture multiphase flow model, incorporating two-way coupling between phases, adeptly reproduces snow distribution around snow fences. In contrast, scalar transport models, which consider one-way coupling, are suitable only for studying snowdrifts in the early stage of protection engineering with relatively low snow concentrations. Efforts to integrate phase coupling effects by introducing source terms into the turbulence model are found to be unsatisfactory. By employing a mixture multiphase flow model, this study explores the effects of six typical collector fences on wind-induced snow drifting in road cuttings. Comparative analyses are performed on several aspects, including the morphology of the cutting flow field, snow distribution, snow concentration, and the protective efficacy of the fences, with the aim to evaluate the effectiveness and applicability of snow fences. The results show that collector fences exhibit effective snow protection capabilities for road cuttings. The snow fence in Hokkaido, wind fence, and the snow fence in Wyoming demonstrate the highest protection efficiency among the analyzed collector fences, indicating superior snowdrift control effectiveness within the cuttings. The protective mechanism of collector fences is to decrease the snow transport rate within the saltation layer at the entrance of the protected area, leading to a notable decrease in snow concentration within the saltation layer in the cuttings. This study offers valuable insights and suggestions for snow protection engineering in road cuttings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 104429"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating changes in extreme snow load in Europe as a function of global warming levels","authors":"G. Evin ,&nbsp;E. Le Roux ,&nbsp;E. Kamir ,&nbsp;S. Morin","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104424","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104424","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Most European regions regularly experience large snow loads due to large snow accumulations and/or intense snowfalls. In the future, the magnitude of extreme snow loads is generally expected to decrease due to global warming. However, this decrease depends strongly on the latitude and the elevation. This study aims to provide a flexible statistical framework to estimate changes in extreme snow load (50-year return levels) in Europe as a function of global warming levels, using a multi-model ensemble of snow cover projections. Different sets of nonstationary models are introduced to accommodate the nonzero probability of experiencing years without snow. In particular, parsimonious distributions (exponential, Gamma, Inverse-Gamma) are considered when zero SWE maxima are present. This approach is illustrated by an application to European regions. In a + 3 °C world, extreme snow loads are projected to decrease strongly in all of Europe compared to a warming level of +1 °C, which corresponds roughly to the current climate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 104424"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143155038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing a Relationship between Particle size distribution & Thaw weakening Susceptibility in Soils","authors":"James Leak ,&nbsp;Vasiliki Dimitriadi ,&nbsp;Daniel Barreto ,&nbsp;Juan Bernal-Sanchez ,&nbsp;Emöke Imre","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104423","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Susceptibility to frost action in soils is an important consideration in cold and seasonably cold regions. Whilst the particle size distribution (PSD) is commonly used to measure susceptibility to frost action, this method is typically seen as unreliable. Moreover, susceptibility criteria are generally specific to frost heave despite heave and thaw weakening both being described by the term frost action. Therefore, the effect of PSD on thaw weakening has not been fully explored. This study sets out to establish a relationship between PSD and thaw weakening susceptibility considering a better set of PSD descriptors than those traditionally used (e.g. d₅₀, C_u and C_c) towards the entire PSD. By examining available experimental data in the literature, in particular studies used to establish existing thaw weakening susceptibility criteria and testing set out in ASTM D5918–13, it was found that PSD influences thaw weakening susceptibility. PSDs located to the right of the stability line in the normalised entropy diagram (used to characterise PSDs) were found to be largely non-susceptible, whereas finer PSDs to the left the stability line were found to be highly susceptible to thaw weakening. It was also found that PSD greatly affects changes in bearing capacity after thawing. The analyses presented here demonstrate that the grading entropy stability criteria has significant potential as a method of predicting thaw weakening susceptibility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 104423"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143155036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}