Cold Regions Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Experimental investigation of an ice particle impinging on a hot surface","authors":"Zhe Yang ,&nbsp;Zheyan Jin ,&nbsp;Zhigang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work studied the impinging process of an ice particle on a hot surface. The influences of the impact velocity, the impact angle, and the target surface temperature were studied. The equivalent diameter of the fragments and the volume ratio of adhering fragments were analyzed. The results indicated that, the increase in impact velocity tended to reduce the sizes of the relatively large fragments but promote the generation of more fragments. The target surface temperature had a significant effect on the adhesion of fragments. In this study, the distribution of the dimensionless equivalent diameter of the fragments could be represented by the log-normal distribution. Besides, a new method was developed to extract the volume ratio of adhering fragments. With the increase of the impact velocity, the impact angle, and the target surface temperature, the volume ratio of adhering fragments also increased. Within the scope of the present study, the volume ratio generally ranged from 0.001 to 0.028. Moreover, at <span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span>= 60.0°, <span><math><msub><mi>T</mi><mi>s</mi></msub></math></span>= 160.0 °C, and <span><math><msub><mi>v</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></math></span>= 58.0 m/s, the volume ratio reached its maximum value. Finally, a correlation for the volume ratio of adhering fragments was developed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 104481"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A snow depth estimation method with LiDAR system in snow groomer","authors":"Qian Jiao ,&nbsp;Lifang Zheng ,&nbsp;Fei Ma ,&nbsp;Jiawei Sheng ,&nbsp;Zhiwei Wang ,&nbsp;Boshen Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Providing high-resolution and real-time snow depth estimations in front of the snow groomer is necessary for the proper navigation and working efficiency improvement. However, accurate and real-time estimation of the snow depth during grooming operations in ski resorts is challenging due to the time-varying terrain of pistes. In this study, a real-time snow depth estimation method was established utilizing the LiDAR based multi-sensor perception system, where the estimated snow depth distribution was achieved by the elevation differences between the real-time local snow-covered grids and the snow-free reference map. A new multi-sensor fusion-based simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) approach especially for the ski resort environment was built to achieve the snow-covered and snow-free reference terrain maps. Also, we developed a snowfall denoising method and a piste extraction algorithm based on ski resort geometric features to improve the SLAM accuracy in snow-covered terrain. To validate the snow-depth estimation approach, a series of experiments were performed at the Wanlong Ski Resort and Linyu Ski Resort, China. Results indicates that the proposed snowfall denoising, snow piste extraction effectively improve the SLAM accuracy in snow-covered terrain map construction. The snow depth on flat ground was measured with an average error of 0.034 m, whereas the error on the slope was 0.042 m at the tested ski resorts. Additionally, the calculation period satisfies the requirements for real-time monitoring. The proposed method can provide precise and real-time depth estimations, facilitating the operational processes of snow groomers and enhancing the pistes maintenance efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 104462"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study and evaluation for the blocking effect of freezing method on nuclide seepage based on multiple indicator testing","authors":"Gang Li ,&nbsp;Jiankun Liu ,&nbsp;Zhaohui Sun ,&nbsp;Jiyun Nan ,&nbsp;Yang Zheng ,&nbsp;Xuanjun Zeng ,&nbsp;Jingze Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The emergency control of nuclear contaminated water leakage using artificial ground freezing (AGF) method has good application prospects, but the actual blocking effect is not ideal at present. To promote the solution of this problem, this paper designed a test system for evaluating the impermeability of freezing method, and it conducted blocking seepage tests with I nuclide solution. Based on the results of multi-parameter monitoring during the test, evaluation indicators, grading criteria, and a risk assessment diagram for blocking nuclear contaminated water with freezing were proposed. Furthermore, the blocking mechanism of freezing method on nuclide seepage was ultimately revealed through the integral calculations of ice volume in frozen wall. The research found that the number of freezing tubes is the main controlling factor determining the critical initial flow rate of frozen wall. The permeability coefficient time-history curve can be used to identify the local melting phenomenon of frozen wall within a certain period. The increase in osmotic pressure difference and the permeability coefficient can compensate for the insensitivity of the temperature field to changes in flow rate. The accelerated growth of ice crystals, driven by the migration and phase transition of capillary-film water from unfrozen pores to macropores under an increased number of freezing tubes and without seepage, is the key factor contributing to the significant improvement in seepage prevention. This study provides effective references for exploring the blocking mechanism of freezing method on nuclear contaminated water, early warning of frozen wall disasters, and optimization of artificial freezing parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 104478"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and numerical investigations on novel assembled channel lining applied to seasonally frozen ground regions","authors":"Jianqiang Gao ,&nbsp;Kailei Lu ,&nbsp;Yuanming Lai ,&nbsp;Ke Wang ,&nbsp;Qinguo Ma ,&nbsp;Qionglin Li ,&nbsp;Jing Zhang ,&nbsp;Yani Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104475","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104475","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The damage of channel lining under frost heave action has seriously affected its long-term effective service performance. In this study, a laboratory experiment was carried out under freeze-thaw cycles. The effectiveness of the anti-frost heave performance of the novel assembled channel lining was verified by comparison analysis of the subsoil hydro-thermal characteristics and the deformation tendency of the lining with that of the normal channel. Then, a thermal-hydro-mechanical model was established to numerically study the long-term performance of the novel assembled channel lining on the basis of laboratory test verification. Results revealed that the subsoil freeze-thaw characteristics in different positions have obvious temporal-spatial differences with air temperature variation. The long-term reverse deformation of the linings between slope toe and bottom center is the main cause for the bottom lining failure of the normal channel. The synergistic deformability of assembled channel lining makes it always maintain a good integrity in the process of freeze-thaw, and effectively improving the long-term service performance of the channel. As a preliminary study of channel lining, the conclusions can provide reference for the design, maintenance and further research of channel lining in cold regions in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 104475"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermographic analysis of ethylene glycol–based aircraft anti-icing fluid: Investigation of fluid failure mechanisms during simulated snow endurance tests","authors":"Sanae Benaissa,&nbsp;Derek Harvey,&nbsp;Gelareh Momen","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Applying anti-icing fluid is the primary method of protecting aircraft surfaces from freezing precipitation before takeoff. This research's main objective is to deepen our understanding of the fluid failure mechanisms using the infrared thermography technique to observe the snow-fluid interactions. We use a laboratory-scale setup with an optical and infrared camera to study the interaction between artificial snow and anti-icing fluids. The thermal aspects of snow melting upon deposition on an ethylene glycol–based fluid are examined for different ethylene glycol concentrations, snow mass deposits, and temperatures. When the freezing temperature of the water–ethylene glycol mixture is lower than the ambient temperature, deposited snow causes an instant temperature drop, revealing that a fraction of the snow undergoes an instantaneous phase change. Depending on the ethylene glycol concentration, ambient temperature, and snow mass input, the snow-to-water transformation may be total or partial. The magnitude of the temperature drop is proportional to the amount of snow melting and limited by the variation in local fluid concentration resulting from the melting process. As the ethylene glycol concentration decreases and the mixture's freezing point approaches the ambient temperature, the absence of temperature variation indicates that the snow remains solid and that the snow accumulation process is initiated. We demonstrate that the surrounding ambient temperature influences the melting rate. Higher temperature gradients are achieved at an ambient temperature of −5 °C, and the melt rate exhibits sensitivity to the studied snow mass. At −10 °C and −15 °C, temperature gradients due to snow melting are reduced and sensitivity to snow mass becomes negligible for the lowest masses achieved for these tests. This study provides insights into the failure mechanisms of anti-icing fluids. Thermal failure is indicated by the absence of a temperature change after snow deposition, signifying fluid melt saturation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 104472"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design sea ice conditions for offshore wind power in the Baltic Sea","authors":"Maria Tikanmäki ,&nbsp;Jaakko Heinonen ,&nbsp;Anni Jokiniemi ,&nbsp;Patrick B. Eriksson","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104463","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104463","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sea ice conditions in the northern Baltic Sea (north from the latitude 56.8⁰N) were determined based on the past ice charts from the period of 1980/81 to 2021/22 created by the Finnish Ice Service. The scope of the study was in the parameters relevant for structural design of offshore wind turbines such as the maximum level ice thickness occurring once in 50 years, ice season length, the existence of ice ridges, ice type and ice thickness histograms. It was noted that the ice conditions vary significantly in different areas and site-specific estimation of ice conditions is important. The harshest ice conditions were met in the northern part of the Bay of Bothnia where ice was met every year, and the average ice season length was up to 180 days.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 104463"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of freeze-thaw cycles on engineering properties of nano-SiO2 enhanced microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation in kaolinite clay","authors":"Sara Ghalandarzadeh ,&nbsp;Benoit Courcelles ,&nbsp;Richard Boudreault ,&nbsp;Lukas U. Arenson ,&nbsp;Pooneh Maghoul","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microbially Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation (MICP) is a nature-based soil stabilization technique, that has substantially lower environmental impacts compared to conventional chemical-based methods. However, its application in fine-grained soils, such as clay, remains challenging due to the soil's plasticity and saturation levels, which can hinder the effectiveness of MICP. Furthermore, the performance of MICP-treated soils under extreme environmental conditions, such as cyclic freeze-thaw (FT) processes common in cold regions, has not been fully explored. This study addresses these challenges by investigating the enhancement of MICP using nano-<span><math><msub><mi>SiO</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math></span> in kaolinite clay subjected to FT cycles, proposing a novel nano-bio soil stabilization method for cold regions. Samples treated with 30 % bacterial (e.g. <em>Bacillus Pasteurii</em>) and cementation solutions, supplemented with 1.5 % nano-<span><math><msub><mi>SiO</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math></span> over four weeks of curing time, were subjected to cyclic FT and triaxial compression tests. Treated samples demonstrated significantly higher peak shear strengths compared to untreated samples under varying confining stress conditions. A reduction in strength was observed in the treated samples as the number of FT cycles increased. However, by the sixth FT cycle, the treated samples showed a significant improvement in strength compared to the untreated samples, with increases of 4.00, 4.96, and 3.49 times under confining pressures of 50, 100, and 150 kPa, respectively. These findings highlight the effectiveness of the stabilization method under cyclic FT conditions. Microstructural analyses revealed increased calcium carbonate content and altered soil texture in treated samples, which affirms the effectiveness of the nano-bio stabilization approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 104459"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143508622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An experimental study into the bedform morphology in partially ice-covered channels.","authors":"Mina Rouzegar,&nbsp;Shawn P. Clark","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104461","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104461","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The advent of winter in cold climates often leads to the formation of border ice along riverbanks, a phenomenon that can persist over substantial portions of the winter, thereby influencing the dynamics and geomorphological structure of river channels. Bed morphology and dunes play a crucial role in sediment transport and influencing flow resistance. Consequently, accurately predicting dune dimensions is important for anticipating the behavior of rivers. Despite extensive studies on bedforms within open channel flows, research on partially ice-covered and fully ice-covered flows remains limited. This investigation, conducted in a rectangular flume at the University of Manitoba's Hydraulics Research &amp; Testing Facility in Canada, delved into how border ice affects bed morphology and bedform features. For each experimental condition, including open channel, symmetric and asymmetric border ice, and fully ice-covered flows, bedform dimensions were assessed against theoretical equations found in the literature. This analysis confirmed the suitability of these equations for describing bedform characteristics in partially ice-covered rivers. Furthermore, the impact of border ice extent, variations in flow strengths, and asymmetry of border ice on bedform features were also investigated. The occurrence of bedforms within the channel width was notably influenced by the presence, positioning, and varying extents of partial ice cover. The influence of ice coverage on the distribution of bed feature formation was markedly pronounced at lower flow strengths, whereas it became minimal at higher flow strengths.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 104461"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143478770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards accurate ice accretion and galloping risk maps for Quebec: A data-driven approach","authors":"Abdeslam Jamali ,&nbsp;Reda Snaiki ,&nbsp;Ahmed Rahem","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104460","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ice accretion poses a significant threat to infrastructure and public safety, particularly in regions prone to severe winter weather. Accurate ice accretion hazard mapping is essential for effective risk management and mitigation. While substantial progress has been made in mapping these hazards, most existing ice accretion maps rely on calculated ice accretion values rather than direct measurements, leading to potential inaccuracies. To address these limitations, this study leverages field measurement data from Hydro-Québec's glacimètre network to develop refined ice accretion maps for Quebec. The maximum annual ice accretion thicknesses are extracted, and a rigorous probability distribution fitting analysis is applied to generate 10-, 30-, and 50-year return period values. These values are interpolated using both inverse-distance weighted interpolation (IDWI) and kriging techniques, allowing for a comparative evaluation of interpolation methods. Additionally, galloping risks are assessed using the Performance-Based Ice Engineering (PBIE) framework, producing galloping risk maps for various return periods. By incorporating real-world data and comparing interpolation approaches, this research enhances the accuracy of ice accretion and galloping risk maps, providing more reliable hazard assessments for Quebec's infrastructure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 104460"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143444702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of frozen rock behavior: mechanical properties, pore structure, and strength under confining pressures","authors":"Kun Wang ,&nbsp;Jian-xin Fu ,&nbsp;Meng Zhaobo ,&nbsp;Zhang Bangyi","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104451","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104451","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Long-term low-temperature freezing in high-cold and high-altitude areas has greatly affected rock mass structure and rock physical and mechanical properties. The destruction process of frozen rock under different confining pressures was studied by triaxial rheometer, ultrasonic velocity analyzer and Lf-NMR. Based on the hydration signal, the energy and strength equations for rock aperture under different confining pressures are derived. Fractal dimension was used to characterize the pore structure. The study founded that the strength and deformation ability of frozen rocks are enhanced. High confining pressure increases rock deformation ability while reducing the effect of freezing cold on rock deformation. The elastic modulus of rock is more sensitive to freezing temperature. The fractures on the surface of frozen rock exhibit increased density and enhanced load-bearing ability. Rock and mineral particles shrink after freezing, and frost heave forces drive the formation and expansion of connecting pores. The freezing rate of pore water increases as the temperature decreases. The freezing rate of bound water in micropores is slower, and the fractal dimension is more susceptible to the influence of low temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"234 ","pages":"Article 104451"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}