Cold Regions Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Study on the shear mechanical characteristics and model of the frozen soil-concrete interface based on stress path loading","authors":"Xiangtian Xu ,&nbsp;Zuoyu Guo ,&nbsp;Yongtao Wang ,&nbsp;Qionglin Li ,&nbsp;Jiwei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104713","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104713","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Studying the shear mechanical behavior of frozen soil-structure interfaces can reveal the interaction mechanism between frozen soil and structures, providing an experimental basis and technical reference for solving frost damage problems in engineering design and construction practice. In this paper, an inclined section triaxial shear test method based on stress path loading was developed. The feasibility of studying the shear mechanical properties of frozen soil-concrete interfaces using this method was verified based on two proposed feasibility criteria. Then, experiments on frozen soil-concrete interface shear mechanics under different test conditions were conducted using this method. Based on the experimental results, a prediction model for the freezing strength and a damage mechanics model of the frozen soil-concrete interface under stress-controlled conditions were established. To avoid local overfitting of data points during the modeling process, two data preprocessing methods were developed. The results show that with a decrease in normal stress, temperature, and loading rate, the shear stress-displacement curve of the frozen soil-concrete interface transitions from a plastic failure mode to a brittle failure mode. The internal friction angle increases approximately linearly with decreasing temperature. The cohesion parameter significantly increases as the temperature decreases from −1 °C to −3 °C, but the further decrease in temperature has a minor effect on the cohesion parameter. The generalization ability of models established using data preprocessed by the developed methods will be improved, and the contact surface damage mechanics model established using preprocessed data can accurately reflect the shear failure characteristics of the interface. The results provide theoretical support for the interaction between frozen soil and structures in infrastructure construction and artificial freezing projects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 104713"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of freeze-thaw cycle on biochar-stabilized heavy metal contaminated soils: A comparative analysis in seasonally frozen regions with and without groundwater recharge","authors":"Jun Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhijun Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiangshan Li ,&nbsp;Dahu Rui ,&nbsp;Lianli Xu ,&nbsp;Guoyu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104712","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104712","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biochar has demonstrated promising efficacy for heavy metal contamination remediation. However, the long-term stability on stabilization capacity of biochar in seasonally frozen regions faces challenges from freeze-thaw (FT) cycles and groundwater. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of FT cycles and groundwater recharge on the stability of biochar-stabilized Pb- and Cd-contaminated soil treated with unmodified biochar (BC) and KMnO₄-modified biochar (MBC). Toxicity characteristic leaching tests (TCLP) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid extraction tests (DTPA) were conducted on samples after FT cycles. XRD, FT-IR, and SEM were employed to analyze its stabilization mechanisms. The results indicate that the incorporation of biochar can inhibit the frost heave of soil and induce a 29.88 % reduction in soil frost heave magnitude with groundwater recharge. The TCLP-leaching concentrations of Pb and Cd in the contaminated soil (CS), BC, MBC exceeded the limit values after 5, 7 and 13 FT cycles under open system, respectively. After 13 FT cycles, the DTPA-extractable concentrations of Pb and Cd in MBC stabilized soils under open system were reduced to 30.63 % and 42.02 % of untreated soil. MBC exhibits enhanced heavy metal stabilization capacity under the synergistic effects of FT coupled with groundwater recharge. FT cycles compromise the immobilization effectiveness of heavy metals while simultaneously enhancing the heavy metal adsorption capacity of biochar through structural damage of biochar induced by FT. This study revealed that it is necessary to account for the frost heave effect, induced by water migration, on the long-term stability and performance of biochar.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 104712"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of machine learning for predicting unfrozen water content in frozen soils: A review","authors":"Ming Li,&nbsp;Senyan Ma,&nbsp;Jiaxian Li,&nbsp;Junping Ren,&nbsp;Chong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate estimation of unfrozen water content (UWC) in frozen soils is critical for understanding environmental and geotechnical processes in cold regions. Experimental determination, although accurate, is typically labor-intensive, costly, and limited in its application. Moreover, conventional modeling approaches are often constrained by simplified assumptions and reliance on specific soil parameters, thereby limiting their generalizability and predictive accuracy. Consequently, machine learning (ML) approaches have emerged as promising alternatives because of their computational efficiency and capability to handle complex nonlinear relationships. This review systematically evaluates the application of ML for UWC prediction in frozen soils, tracing the field's evolution from initial exploratory or standard models to sophisticated ensemble algorithms. A comprehensive bibliometric and thematic analysis of existing literature highlights significant methodological advancements, particularly the shift toward physics-informed ML (PIML) models. Despite these advancements, several critical challenges persist, including data scarcity and fragmentation, limited generalizability, and insufficient emphasis on interpretability and uncertainty quantification. To address these barriers and facilitate broader adoption of ML in practical engineering contexts, the review emphasizes the necessity of developing large-scale, standardized benchmark datasets, advancing PIML frameworks, and integrating robust interpretability and uncertainty analysis into standard ML workflows. By systematically addressing these issues, ML can evolve from a promising tool into an indispensable, trusted component integral to modern cold regions science and engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 104711"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the frost resistance and pore structure evolution of fly ash-coal gangue-based geopolymer concrete","authors":"Fang Liu ,&nbsp;Jun Liu ,&nbsp;Zhihao He ,&nbsp;Xinchao Zheng ,&nbsp;Yi Yang ,&nbsp;Bingyao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104709","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104709","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates the frost durability and pore-structure evolution of fly ash–coal gangue (FA–CG) geopolymer concrete with coal gangue (CG) replacement levels of 50–80 % (denoted as Gx, where x is the CG mass fraction within total aluminosilicate precursors; e.g., G50 = 50 % CG). A multiscale program combined compressive strength, chloride-ion permeability, rapid freeze–thaw (F–T, −18 to 5 °C), industrial CT, and SEM to couple macroscopic durability with microstructural changes. After 50 F–T cycles, G50 retained 79.46 % of its relative dynamic elastic modulus with 2.38 % mass loss, whereas G80 retained 58.46 % with 5.89 % mass loss, indicating accelerated degradation at higher CG contents. CT quantified a faster increase in total porosity and a shift toward larger pores in G80, while SEM revealed more severe crack propagation and a weaker ITZ relative to G50. The results identify ≤50–60 % CG as an effective range to balance resource utilization and F–T durability, providing practical guidance for mix design in cold regions. This work links pore-scale evolution with durability metrics, offering criteria to optimize geopolymer concretes for severe F–T exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 104709"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical behavior of tailings silt under freeze–thaw cycles and double-hardening constitutive model","authors":"Weihong Lu ,&nbsp;Mingxing Liu ,&nbsp;Enlong Liu ,&nbsp;Wei Wei ,&nbsp;Shengjin Zhang ,&nbsp;Qihao Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104710","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104710","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mechanical behavior and microstructural evolution of tailings silt subjected to freeze–thaw cycles (FTC) were investigated through consolidated undrained triaxial tests and scanning electron microscopy analyses. Based on the experimental results, a double-hardening constitutive model was developed to represent FTC-induced degradation. The model accounts for microstructural evolution by coupling the volumetric and deviatoric hardening parameters with porosity changes and FTC effects, thereby capturing strength and modulus degradation. Test results show that shear strength, strength parameters, and initial modulus decrease progressively with increasing FTC, with the largest reduction occurring during the first cycle. Microstructural observations confirm increased porosity and fabric loosening. Model simulations reproduce the observed stress–strain and pore-pressure responses well. The proposed model provides a framework for analyzing and designing tailings-dams stability in seasonally frozen regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 104710"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An analytically derived solution for the time history of a ship-ice impact","authors":"Edward J.D. Bryson,&nbsp;Sthéfano L. Andrade,&nbsp;Bruce W.T. Quinton","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Popov-Daley method is a closed form analytically derived model used for calculating contact forces of a ship-ice impact. It consists of determining the available kinetic energy of the ship-ice system which is then dissipated into indentation energy. This method has been applied in multiple areas, with the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) Unified Requirements for Polar Class Ships (Polar URs) using the Popov-Daley method as part of its design ice load model, assuming that all energy is dissipated through ice crushing, whereas other studies involving non-ice strengthened ships allow for structural deformation and thus consider both ice and structural indentation energies. More recently, the Popov-Daley method has seen use in multiple academic studies where its application over a period of time is desired, but a solution for the time – history derived from the underlying energy balance equations does not currently exist. With this in mind, a method for analytically solving the time – history of a Popov-Daley style ship-ice collision model has been developed, with equations derived for the indentation depth – time relationship as well as for the total time of the collision using the same assumptions employed in the Polar URs. The proposed models were found to be in very good agreement with numerical and preliminary experimental results. Applications of the models and further necessary validation work are both discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 104706"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory investigation on the control effect of a slope buried thermosyphon embankment in cold regions","authors":"Wansheng Pei ,&nbsp;Junhua Zhou ,&nbsp;Jianguo Lu ,&nbsp;Shuai Du ,&nbsp;Yanqiao Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The snow or sand accumulated at embankment slope can change local thermal effect and cause uneven deformation in cold regions. How to solve the local thermal effect at slope is a critical issue for long-term embankment stability. In this study, a completely buried L-shaped two-phase closed thermosyphon (BLTPCT) embankment was designed to regulate the local thermal effect. A series of embankment model experiments, including the embankment with BLTPCTs and the control embankment without BLTPCT, were conducted to assess the thermal control performance of BLTPCTs embankment. The findings indicate that the BLTPCT is capable of partially cooling the embankment slope surrounding the evaporator segment of the BLTPCT during its operation, with a particularly pronounced cooling effect observed in the soil located near the lower central region of the evaporator. The maximum temperature reduction can reach 2.94 °C under this experimental condition. Meanwhile, the heat release by the condenser of the BLTPCT also causes the local pavement temperature to be higher than that of control embankment, with the maximum temperature increase reaching 24 %. The research could supply potential guidance for the local thermal effect issue at embankment slope in cold regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 104702"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical study of the influence of moisture migration on the subgrade temperature field in cold regions and its negligible critical hydrothermal boundary conditions","authors":"Yuqin Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiangtian Xu ,&nbsp;Gaosheng Li ,&nbsp;Yue Dang ,&nbsp;Wei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104708","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104708","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we developed a single-temperature field model and a hydrothermal coupling model under various hydrothermal boundary conditions to quantify the effect of moisture migration on the subgrade temperature field. The temperature distributions, temperature differences, and maximum freeze-thaw depth differences between the two models across different subgrade sections were compared. The comparison revealed that moisture migration significantly impacted the subgrade temperature field as the boundary moisture content increased and the boundary temperature decreased. In seasonally frozen regions, the effect of moisture migration was minimal. In particular, at a high boundary temperature, the two models exhibited temperature differences of less than 1 °C and maximum freeze-thaw depth differences of less than 0.22 m. In permafrost regions, the effect of moisture migration on the subgrade temperature field led to temperature differences exceeding 6 °C and maximum freeze-thaw depth differences exceeding 1.6 m. Thus, critical hydrothermal boundary conditions for model simplification in subgrade temperature field calculation in cold regions were identified and validated through an engineering case study. These critical conditions provide a simplified method for determining whether moisture migration should be considered in predicting the subgrade temperature field, making the theoretical model more efficient and applicable in practical engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 104708"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on soil freezing characteristic curve based on thermodynamic theory","authors":"Jiaqi Tian ,&nbsp;Zunyi Wu ,&nbsp;Zhaohe Wang ,&nbsp;Liang Xie ,&nbsp;Jifan Niu ,&nbsp;Shuangyang Li ,&nbsp;Chong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104707","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dynamic variation of unfrozen water in frozen soils is recognized as a critical factor governing their hydrothermal-mechanical behavior and a primary mechanism of frost damage in cold-region engineering. However, prevailing soil freezing characteristic curve (SFCC) models are often constrained by inadequate theoretical foundations and ambiguous physical interpretations. In this study, a novel theoretical SFCC model was developed by integrating thermodynamic principles with the effective stress theory, incorporating experimentally determined particle size distribution data while accounting for the nonlinear relationship between pore size and particle diameter. Through chemical potential equilibrium and effective stress analysis, quantitative correlations were established between unfrozen water content and key parameters, including temperature and particle size distribution, during soil freezing. Model validation results demonstrate that the proposed model accurately predicts unfrozen water content variations across different soil types (<span><math><msup><mi>R</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>0.9830</mn><mo>，</mo><mi>RMSE</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.9281</mn><mo>%</mo></math></span>). Three key findings were obtained: (1) Ionic hydration from salts (e.g., NaCl) inhibits pore water freezing, significantly depressing the initial freezing temperature while increasing unfrozen water content; (2) Elevated dry density facilitates macropore-to-micropore transformation, thereby enhancing soil water retention capacity; (3) Initial water content exhibits a positive correlation with unfrozen water content during early freezing stages, while showing negligible influence during later freezing phases. Compared with existing models, the proposed model demonstrates superior theoretical rigor, well-defined physical parameters, and computational efficiency, serving as a reliable theoretical tool for cold-region engineering design and coupled hydrothermal modeling of frozen soils. The findings not only advance the fundamental understanding of microscopic freezing mechanisms in frozen soils but also provide valuable references for relevant engineering practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 104707"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Considering frictional effects on the ice crushing force of a ship-ice impact","authors":"Edward J.D. Bryson,&nbsp;Claude G. Daley,&nbsp;Bruce W.T. Quinton","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Popov-Daley method is the current standard for analytically determining ship-ice collision forces and involves converting the available kinetic energy of an impact into ice (or ice + structural) indentation energy. It is part of the current design ice load model in the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) Unified Requirements for Polar Class Ships (Polar URs) and has seen use in multiple academic studies with ship-ice impact scenarios ranging from thick ice and heavy icebreakers to non-ice strengthened ships (NISS) encountering finite floes. The Popov method reduces a six degree of freedom impact between two bodies into a single degree of freedom collision normal to the contact plane by deriving a reduced mass through which the available kinetic energy of the impact is determined. One assumption associated with this method is that frictional effects do not have a substantial effect on impact loads. The present study tests this assumption with a rederivation of the original method that considers frictional effects. Different impact scenarios relevant to both the Polar URs and to more recent studies involving NISS are reviewed, with impact forces calculated by converting the available kinetic energy into ice crushing energy using a process pressure-area relationship as applied by Daley and in the Polar URs. Minimal percent differences in the force levels were found across all tested scenarios. Lower differences were found with scenarios involving smaller ice floes, and the difference level never exceeded 1.5 % across all scenarios tested. This confirms the suitability of the friction related assumption from the original Popov method. An investigation into friction coefficients required for a significant percent difference in force levels resulted in coefficients of as least 0.34, which may occur in different ship collision scenarios but is not realistic for steel-ice contact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 104703"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}