Cold Regions Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Numerical modelling for improved prediction of ground temperature in seasonal snow-cover regions","authors":"Sanjaya Sena,&nbsp;Rahul Goyal,&nbsp;S.K. Tyagi","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Predicting hourly soil temperature variation in seasonal snow cover regions is essential in many scientific and engineering applications. However, the existing snow and soil surface (SS) heat interaction models are predominantly based on empirical correlations, resulting in forecasts restricted to daily average values. Herein, a novel approach is presented to improve hourly spatial soil temperature prediction by incorporating a logarithmic snow depth term into the SS energy balance equation during the snow-covered periods. The proposed approach has been validated using year-long experimental soil temperature measurements from similar climatic condition. Further, the effect of homogenous, isotropic, and spatially heterogeneous soil media on soil temperature distribution has also been explored. The spatial and temporal soil temperature predictions are simulated using a finite-volume numerical solution of the transient heat conduction equation with energy balance at SS. The proposed approach, combined with consideration of spatially variable soil thermal diffusivity, exhibited excellent concordance with the experimental measurements, with coefficient of determination value of 0.958, 0.983, 0.989, 0.994, 0.964, and 0.888 at soil depths of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 m, respectively. Additionally, the depth of daily and seasonal soil temperature variations and the Kusuda and Achenbach correlation constants for the study location have been determined.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 104578"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The importance of snow microstructure: An analysis of snow compressive strength under high strain","authors":"Taylor Hodgdon ,&nbsp;Brendan West ,&nbsp;Julie Parno ,&nbsp;Andrew Bernier ,&nbsp;Zoe Courville","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the mechanical behavior of snow is critical for many cold regions applications, such as vehicle mobility or avalanche forecasting. Previous studies have used experimental tests and model simulations to look at the impact of snow microstructure on the overall mechanical strength. However, these analyses have not explicitly defined these relationships and few have focused on the brittle regime. We compare the peak stresses of experimental and simulated dry sintered snow samples compressed at a high strain rate to a variety of microstructural parameters and use a linear regression framework to explicitly characterize the relationships between them. We show that the most influential microstructural parameter for characterizing snow strength is the scaled bond contact area between neighboring snow grains, while the least important is the average sintered bond size. We then demonstrate that the influence of sintering time on peak stress varies drastically depending on the grain size of the snow sample, with larger impact found on smaller grain size samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 104540"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sea-ice mapping and digitization in Antarctic waters using a shipborne monocular camera","authors":"Andrei Sandru ,&nbsp;Arto Visala ,&nbsp;Pentti Kujala","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104563","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An automated process is proposed for sea-ice field mapping and digitization using a monocular, machine vision camera. The proposed process for 2D mapping involves a number of steps, from image rectification and estimation of a virtual birds-eye-view to image segmentation by means of three distinct methods, both of individual images and large 2D maps. Lastly, the resulting ice floes are expressed as either convex or concave 2D polygons. Additionally, a separate process for 3D mapping is introduced, termed vSLAM. The implemented methods enable an automated and continuous acquisition of a detailed map of the ice field, as a series of 2D polygons and even 3D point-clouds, at engineering scale. Compared to other methods using satellite or aerial data, the proposed method is a more cost-effective and easy to integrate solution into vessels travelling in ice covered waters. The information can be highly compressed, thus enabling a higher level of situational awareness not only for the data collecting vessels, but also for others travelling in the same areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 104563"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Size distribution and shape properties of brash ice in icebreaking channel of level ice","authors":"Congcong Zhao,&nbsp;Bin Mei,&nbsp;Guoyou Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the expansion of global shipping into polar and icy regions, icebreaking escorts are essential for ensuring efficient cold-region port and waterway operations, and ice resistance evaluation is critical for optimizing escort strategies. However, the existing studies mainly rely on the properties of natural large-size ice floes to create static geometric models of regular-shaped ice, and the brash ice properties are lacking in icebreaking channels after the initial icebreaking of level ice. This oversight neglects variations in ice properties and the dynamic effects of icebreaking speed, and effect the accuracy of brash ice resistance prediction. To address this gap, this study examines the size distribution and shape properties of brash ice in icebreaking channels after initial icebreaking of level ice, based on full scale ship tests in Bohai Bay. Using airborne photography and image segmentation, we analyzed ice characteristics and distribution patterns. Results show that the size distribution of brash ice follows a power-law distribution, with a unimodal probability density function that fits well to a Weibull function. The average size closely matches the Weibull fitting mean. Shape analysis indicates that brash ice roundness exhibits scale invariance relative to caliper diameter. Kendall's Tau correlation analysis and regression analyses identify that there is a significant negative exponential relationship between brash ice size and icebreaking speed, and the ship speed has an impact on level ice fragmentation significantly. This study presents an analytical method for the geometric parameters of brash ice in icebreaking channels and proposes the size distribution and shape property patterns, which can be used for ice resistance prediction and optimization of icebreaking strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 104577"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144270658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An artificial neural network correlation for the wave-induced melt rate of floating icebergs in the Barents Sea","authors":"Behzad Forouzi Feshalami ,&nbsp;Wenjun Lu ,&nbsp;Sveinung Løset ,&nbsp;Raed Lubbad ,&nbsp;Henriette Skourup ,&nbsp;Knut Vilhelm Høyland","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Iceberg deterioration models are commonly coupled to iceberg drift models in the literature to improve the accuracy of predicting iceberg drift trajectories when exposed to open water. Wave-induced erosion is the major mechanism of iceberg deterioration, typically estimated by simple parametrized equations in the literature. Using linear wave theory, this paper develops a novel model to determine the wave-induced melt rate on the submerged lateral surface of a floating cylindrical iceberg with two degrees of freedom, including surge and heave motions. Existing solutions to the boundary value problems due to wave diffraction and radiation are adopted in this study to yield the water particle and iceberg velocities and, subsequently, the wave convective coefficient. A parametric study is conducted to investigate the sensitivity of the modeled melt rate to input parameters, including wave period, wave height, iceberg radius, iceberg width to height ratio, circumferential angle, and the vertical position on the iceberg draft. This model for the melting rate is then used to produce a dataset within the range of input parameters. The main novelty of this paper is to use this dataset to train an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model and present a new correlation for the wave-induced melt rate. This correlation, which is easier to implement than the original analytical solution, is a function of iceberg radius, iceberg height, wave period, and wave height. Results indicate a peak in the wave-induced melt rate diagrams along with the wave period for different values of input parameters. This peak occurs at a wave period close to the iceberg's natural heave period because the iceberg in this condition undergoes a significant movement in the vertical direction due to heave resonance. The Reynolds number is found to be the key parameter on model generalization. In addition, predicted melt rates by the ANN correlation agree well with model results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 104575"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of the improved twin-shear unified strength theory to the multiaxial strength of S2 columnar ice","authors":"Zihan Bian ,&nbsp;Xin-Dong Wei ,&nbsp;Yan Huang ,&nbsp;Gao-Feng Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An enhanced twin-shear unified strength theory is presented in this study, effectively decoupling the dual effects of intermediate principal stress on S2 columnar ice. By introducing two novel parameters, <span><math><msub><mi>λ</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mi>λ</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math></span>, the improved model separately quantifies the weakening and strengthening contributions of <span><math><msub><mi>σ</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math></span> to the multiaxial strength, thereby overcoming limitations in traditional formulations where these effects were coupled. The rate-dependent behavior and anisotropic responses under various loading directions are not only captured by the proposed model, but its descriptive scope of the intermediate principal stress inflection points is also extended from a linear to a surface-based representation. Biaxial and triaxial experimental data are systematically analyzed to validate the model, with results indicating a significant increase in both the strengthening and weakening effects as strain rates rise. Furthermore, the enhanced theory is integrated into a constitutive framework to compute the variable failure envelope of S2 columnar ice, which is subsequently implemented in Four-dimensional Lattice Spring Model (4D-LSM). Numerical simulations demonstrate that the modified envelope surface accurately reproduces experimental observations across diverse strain rate conditions and loading orientations. An orthotropic envelope surface design is also proposed to incorporate anisotropy induced by columnar jointing, thereby lending physical significance to the modification term. Moreover, the refined formulation bridges the gap between theoretical analysis and practical simulation, providing a robust framework for evaluating complex multiaxial stress states in anisotropic ice. Overall, comprehensive insights into the intermediate principal stress effects are provided in this study, and the characterization of S2 columnar ice is significantly improved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 104574"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mechanical properties of gas-enriched sea ice","authors":"Qingkai Wang,&nbsp;Yubo Liu,&nbsp;Peng Lu,&nbsp;Zhijun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104576","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104576","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate the mechanical properties of sea ice in the Arctic, ice blocks were collected using a ship crane and stored in a cold onboard storage unit during an Arctic expedition. During the transfer of ice blocks from the ship to the transport vehicle after docking, significant brine drainage occurred, artificially increasing the gas volume fraction within the ice. This unexpected shift allowed us to explore the mechanical properties of gas-enriched sea ice and the different impacts of gas and brine on sea ice strength. Examination of the ice crystal structure showed a granular ice layer at the top, underlain by a columnar ice layer. Sea ice samples were machined from the ice blocks for mechanical experiments performed in the laboratory. Three-point bending tests were conducted at ice temperatures of −12 to −3 °C, and uniaxial compressive strength tests were conducted at ice temperatures of −8 to −3 °C with a strain rate range of 10⁻⁶–10⁻² s⁻¹. Ice temperature, density, and salinity of each sample were measured to determine porosity. Results showed that both flexural strength and strain modulus of columnar sea ice exhibited statistically significant decreasing trends with increasing porosity. Flexural strength showed a significant correlation with gas volume fraction (<em>R</em>² = 0.25, <em>p</em> &gt; 0.1) but not with brine volume fraction (<em>R</em>² = 0.37, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.1). Conversely, strain modulus correlated significantly with brine volume fraction (<em>R</em>² = 0.58, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.1) but not with gas volume fraction (<em>R</em>² = 0.06, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.1). Uniaxial compressive strength decreased with increasing porosity and displayed a ductile-to-brittle transition, with strength initially increasing and then decreasing with rising strain rate. The transition strain rate ranged between 1.5 × 10⁻⁴ and 4.0 × 10⁻³ s⁻¹ depending on ice crystal structure. Experimental results from gas-enriched sea ice were compared with previously reported data from natural sea ice (brine-dominated). At equivalent porosity levels, gas-enriched ice exhibited higher flexural strength and strain modulus than natural sea ice, indicating that brine has a stronger influence on bending mechanics than gas. However, the uniaxial compressive strength of gas-enriched ice remained comparable to that of natural sea ice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 104576"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144270657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data-theory driven prediction approach for the residual axial load carrying capacity of RC columns under salt freeze-thaw cycles","authors":"Yao Wang ,&nbsp;Weiqing Zhu ,&nbsp;Lixin Wei ,&nbsp;Jinqing Jia ,&nbsp;Yafei Zhang ,&nbsp;Lihua Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to develop a data-theory driven approach to predict the residual axial load carrying capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) columns of bridges subjected to salt freeze-thaw cycles (SFTCs). The proposed approach integrates a data driven calculation model and a theory driven simulation model to simulate SFTCs, damage inheritance, and the residual axial load carrying capacity. The calculation model for the residual axial load carrying capacity of RC columns under SFTCs employs a Bi-directional Long-Short-Term Model (BiLSTM) as the primary structure, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) for data preprocessing, and Squeeze-and-Excitation Networks (SE) to enhance the data preprocessing capability of CNN, yielding reference values for the residual axial load carrying capacity. Additionally, the simulation model is constructed in ABAQUS to support the data-theory driven prediction of the residual axial load carrying capacity of RC columns under SFTCs. The results demonstrate that the data-theory driven approach accurately predicts the failure modes of RC columns under SFTCs and achieves a prediction accuracy exceeding 93 % for the residual axial load carrying capacity. Consequently, this approach offers an efficient solution for predicting the degradation of the residual axial load carrying capacity of RC columns under SFTCs, reducing experimental costs and enhancing efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 104572"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144254044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of embankment with reinforcement of New Geocell Soil System in cold regions","authors":"Hui Liu ,&nbsp;FuJun Niu ,&nbsp;Jun Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Uneven displacement of permafrost has become a major concern in cold regions, particularly under repeated freezing-thawing cycles. This issue poses a significant geohazard, jeopardizing the safety of transportation infrastructure. Statistical analyses of thermal penetration suggest that the problem is likely to intensify as water erosion expands, with increasing occurrences of uneven displacement. To tackle the challenges related to mechanical behavior under cyclic loading, the New Geocell Soil System has been implemented to mitigate hydrothermal effects. Assessment results indicate that the New Geocell Soil System is stable and effective, offering advantages in controlling weak zones on connecting slopes and reducing uneven solar radiation. Consequently, the New Geocell Soil System provides valuable insights into the quality of embankments and ensures operational safety by maintaining displacement at an even level below 1.0 mm. The thermal gradient is positive, with displacement below 6 °C/m, serving as a framework for understanding the stability of the subgrade. This system also enhances stress and release the sealing phenomenon.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 104564"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The indoor experimental method for the microseismic issue of freezing pipe fracture and its effectiveness verification","authors":"Yansen Wang ,&nbsp;Yi Cao ,&nbsp;Meng Zhao ,&nbsp;En Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artificial ground freezing technology is widely used in shaft construction in deep alluvial layers and water-rich soft rock layers. However, fractures in freezing pipes are difficult to completely eliminate. The leakage of brine caused by pipe rupture can easily trigger a degradation in the strength of the freezing wall, and even lead to flooding accidents in the well. To explore the feasibility of detecting and warning freezing pipe fractures through microseismic signals, this study constructs a physical model and experimental method for the vibration problem of freezing pipe fractures, based on the “frozen soil layer encapsulating freezing pipes (including joints)” structural type. Six types of frozen soil analog materials were first developed, with densities (2.0 g/cm³), elastic moduli (110–735 MPa), and compressive strengths (0.98–5.14 MPa) meeting the requirements for engineering frozen soil simulation. Subsequently, model freezing pipe fracture vibration tests were conducted under the encapsulation of frozen soil analog materials. The results indicate that under the constraint of frozen soil, as the radial dimension of the specimen increases, the main frequency of pipe rupture rises, while increasing the axial length leads to a decrease in the main frequency. When the radial size <em>D</em> = 7.5<em>D</em>₀ (where <em>D</em>₀ is the outer diameter of the freezing pipe) and the effective axial size reaches <em>H</em>₀ = 20<em>D</em>₀, the main frequency of pipe rupture tends to stabilize. By comparing the similarity criteria with the experimental results, the similarity of the freezing pipe fracture vibration problem and the reliability of the experimental method were validated. The research results lay the foundation for experimental studies and quantitative analysis of the vibration signal characteristics of freezing pipe fractures, establishing the experimental methodology and theoretical basis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 104573"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}