Considering frictional effects on the ice crushing force of a ship-ice impact

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Cold Regions Science and Technology Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI:10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104703

Edward J.D. Bryson, Claude G. Daley, Bruce W.T. Quinton

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The Popov-Daley method is the current standard for analytically determining ship-ice collision forces and involves converting the available kinetic energy of an impact into ice (or ice + structural) indentation energy. It is part of the current design ice load model in the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) Unified Requirements for Polar Class Ships (Polar URs) and has seen use in multiple academic studies with ship-ice impact scenarios ranging from thick ice and heavy icebreakers to non-ice strengthened ships (NISS) encountering finite floes. The Popov method reduces a six degree of freedom impact between two bodies into a single degree of freedom collision normal to the contact plane by deriving a reduced mass through which the available kinetic energy of the impact is determined. One assumption associated with this method is that frictional effects do not have a substantial effect on impact loads. The present study tests this assumption with a rederivation of the original method that considers frictional effects. Different impact scenarios relevant to both the Polar URs and to more recent studies involving NISS are reviewed, with impact forces calculated by converting the available kinetic energy into ice crushing energy using a process pressure-area relationship as applied by Daley and in the Polar URs. Minimal percent differences in the force levels were found across all tested scenarios. Lower differences were found with scenarios involving smaller ice floes, and the difference level never exceeded 1.5 % across all scenarios tested. This confirms the suitability of the friction related assumption from the original Popov method. An investigation into friction coefficients required for a significant percent difference in force levels resulted in coefficients of as least 0.34, which may occur in different ship collision scenarios but is not realistic for steel-ice contact.

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考虑船冰碰撞对冰破碎力的摩擦效应

Popov-Daley方法是目前用于解析确定船冰碰撞力的标准方法，该方法涉及将碰撞的可用动能转换为冰（或冰+结构）压痕能量。它是国际船级社协会（IACS）极地级船舶统一要求（Polar URs）中当前设计冰荷载模型的一部分，并已用于多种船舶冰冲击场景的学术研究，从厚冰和重型破冰船到遇到有限浮冰的非冰强化船（NISS）。波波夫方法将两个物体之间的六自由度碰撞简化为垂直于接触平面的单自由度碰撞，方法是推导出一个减少的质量，通过该质量确定碰撞的可用动能。与此方法相关的一个假设是，摩擦效应对冲击载荷没有实质性影响。本研究通过考虑摩擦效应的原始方法的重新推导来验证这一假设。本文回顾了与极地URs和涉及NISS的最新研究相关的不同冲击情景，并利用Daley和极地URs应用的过程压力-面积关系将可用动能转换为碎冰能量，从而计算了冲击力。在所有测试场景中，力量水平的差异最小。在涉及较小浮冰的情况下，差异较小，在所有测试的情况下，差异水平从未超过1.5%。这证实了原始波波夫方法中摩擦力相关假设的适用性。一项针对力水平显著差异所需的摩擦系数的调查显示，摩擦系数至少为0.34，这可能发生在不同的船舶碰撞场景中，但对于钢-冰接触是不现实的。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Cold Regions Science and Technology 工程技术-地球科学综合

CiteScore

7.40

自引率

12.20%

发文量

209

审稿时长

4.9 months

期刊介绍： Cold Regions Science and Technology is an international journal dealing with the science and technical problems of cold environments in both the polar regions and more temperate locations. It includes fundamental aspects of cryospheric sciences which have applications for cold regions problems as well as engineering topics which relate to the cryosphere. Emphasis is given to applied science with broad coverage of the physical and mechanical aspects of ice (including glaciers and sea ice), snow and snow avalanches, ice-water systems, ice-bonded soils and permafrost. Relevant aspects of Earth science, materials science, offshore and river ice engineering are also of primary interest. These include icing of ships and structures as well as trafficability in cold environments. Technological advances for cold regions in research, development, and engineering practice are relevant to the journal. Theoretical papers must include a detailed discussion of the potential application of the theory to address cold regions problems. The journal serves a wide range of specialists, providing a medium for interdisciplinary communication and a convenient source of reference.