Cold Regions Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"A multi-field coupled model contained volumetric strain for unsaturated frozen soil and thermal-hydro-mechanical evolution characteristics of permafrost tunnel","authors":"Hongyu Huang ,&nbsp;Yuanfu Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Suo ,&nbsp;Jianhui Deng ,&nbsp;Zihan Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104510","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104510","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The entrance section of permafrost tunnels in cold regions is particularly vulnerable to frost damage caused by complex thermal-hydro-mechanical (THM) interactions in unsaturated frozen soils. The effects of temperature-dependent volumetric strain variations across different stratum materials on heat and moisture transport are often neglected in existing THM coupling models. In this study, a novel THM coupled model for unsaturated frozen soil integrating volumetric strain correction is proposed, which addresses bidirectional interactions between thermal-hydraulic processes and mechanical responses. The model was validated through laboratory experiments and subsequently applied to the analysis of the Yuximolegai Tunnel. The results indicate that distinct “layered” ice-water distribution patterns are formed in shallow permafrost under freeze-thaw cycles, driven by bidirectional freezing and water migration. Critical mechanical responses were observed, including a shift in maximum principal stress from the invert (1.40 MPa, frozen state) to the crown (5.76 MPa, thawed state), and periodic lining displacements (crown &gt; invert &gt; sidewalls). Frost damage risks are further quantified by the spatial-temporal zoning of ice-water content-sensitive regions. These findings advance unsaturated frozen soil modeling and provide theoretical guidance for frost-resistant tunnel design in cold regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 104510"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143777116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study of water redistribution in soft clay during horizontal freezing","authors":"Hu Zhang ,&nbsp;Jintao Hu ,&nbsp;Bo Zheng ,&nbsp;Lijun Xing ,&nbsp;Suiqiao Yang ,&nbsp;Yuxuan Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104511","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104511","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Horizontal frost heave disasters frequently occur in cold-region engineering projects, making it essential to understand water migration mechanisms along horizontal directions during freezing processes. Using a self-developed one-dimensional visualization horizontal freezing apparatus, unidirectional horizontal freezing tests were conducted on soft clay under varying temperature gradients, and the development process of the cryostructures was continuously observed. The results indicate that the thermal-hydraulic processes, including temperature evolution, water content variation, pore-water pressure dynamics, and soil pressure changes, demonstrate similarities to vertical freezing patterns, with temperature gradients primarily influencing the magnitude of parameter variations. Under the influence of gravity, the freezing front forms an angle with the freezing direction, attributed to differential freezing rates within soil strata. Post-freezing analysis showed dual-directional water redistribution (horizontal and vertical), with horizontal migration dominating. Maximum water content was observed 1–3 cm from the freezing front. Distinct cryostructures formed in frozen zones were identified as products of tensile stresses generated by low-temperature suction and crystallization forces. The study highlights the coupling of water transfer, thermal changes, mechanical stresses, and structural evolution during freezing and suggests that water migration and cryostructure formation are interrelated processes. This research provides robust experimental evidence for advancing the theoretical framework of horizontal water migration mechanisms in frozen soil systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 104511"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of resistance reduction for ice-going ships installed with air-bubbling systems","authors":"Hongyu Wei ,&nbsp;Baoyu Ni ,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104509","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104509","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate the drag reduction mechanism and variation in the efficiency of the air-bubbling system, we designed and conducted model ship experiments under an ice floe channel using a self-designed navigation device, force measurement system, camera observation system, and prototype of an air-bubbling system, based on a polypropylene non-refrigerated model ice. During the experiments, the navigation device allowed the ship to pitch, roll, and heave, while adjusting the air-bubbling system's gas flow rate, ship speed, and ice concentration to explore factors affecting the efficiency of the air-bubbling system. Building upon the model ship experiments, we further explored the drag reduction mechanism and effects of the air-bubbling system through coupled CFD-DEM numerical simulations. The research findings indicate that the drag reduction rate of the air-bubbling system decreases approximately linearly with increasing ice concentration and ship speed. Conversely, increasing the gas flow rate synchronously increases the drag reduction effect, albeit with a more pronounced marginal utility. Additionally, we conducted numerical calculations on the drag reduction rates of two additional ship types equipped with the air-bubbling system. Using multi-parameter linear fitting, we derived an empirical formula for estimating the drag reduction rate of the air-bubbling system under different conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 104509"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143777117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Icing monitoring technology and application of 10 kV overhead distribution lines based on axial tension measurement","authors":"Lin Yang ,&nbsp;Lulu Mei ,&nbsp;Haochen He ,&nbsp;Quan Liu ,&nbsp;Yanpeng Hao ,&nbsp;Licheng Li ,&nbsp;Xinhao Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Severe ice cover on overhead distribution lines affects the safe operation of the distribution network. Aiming at the lack of icing monitoring methods for 10 kV overhead distribution lines with strain towers, especially those with small spans, in consideration of the structural characteristics of 10 kV strain towers commonly found in mountainous areas of southern China, this paper proposes a real-time monitoring technology of equivalent ice thickness (EIT) of 10 kV overhead distribution lines based on axial tension measurement of the conductors. Considering variations in vertical spans of conductors before and after icing, a calculation method for EIT of ice-covered conductors is presented. Then an icing monitoring device for ice-covered overhead distribution lines has been developed and installed in Guizhou, and typical monitoring data is used to analyze environmental impacts on tension. The validity of the monitoring technology and accuracy of the calculation method are verified through comparison with artificial ice observation results and ice-covered lines photographs. Finally, comparing the method of this paper and the method of calculating the EIT of ice-covered conductors without considering the change of vertical spans of transmission conductors adopted for voltage levels of 110 kV and above, it is found that the method of this paper, considering the changes of vertical spans of conductors, can significantly improve the accuracy of calculating the EIT under the small span, making it more suitable for application to overhead distribution lines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 104508"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143783110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of nine categories of soil freezing characteristic curve models for simulating frost heave","authors":"Zili Wang ,&nbsp;Jidong Teng ,&nbsp;Yinghua Zhou ,&nbsp;Sheng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The relationship between unfrozen water content and subzero temperature is defined as the soil freezing characteristic curve (SFCC), which is a fundamental relation for frozen soil and is an input parameter of great importance in numerically modeling frost heave. This study makes a systematic comparison of nine common SFCC models to evaluate their performances in simulating frost heave. The nine SFCC models are divided into empirical models and SWCC-based models, and two approaches are used for frost heave computation: the void ratio method, which quantifies soil volume changes, and the ice lens method, which accumulates ice lens growth over time. The results show that XU2001 (power function-based) ranks highest for its simplicity, deviation control within 2 mm, and a correlation coefficient above 80 %, making it ideal for empirical simulations. AN1973 (a hybrid approach integrating multiple function types) follows, with MK2007 (exponential function-based) and JA1977 (piecewise linear function-based) showing moderate performance. TI1976 (power function with ice content) ranks lowest due to parameter sensitivity. Compared to empirical SFCC models, SWCC-based models determine parameters solely through test data rather than soil properties, resulting in greater stability and higher accuracy. The average evaluation metrics show that the frost heave computed by the void ratio approach can better reflect the changing trend of frost heave, but the frost heave computed by the integration of the ice lens thickness approach is more stable in the calculation. The results also indicate that the frost heave evaluated by the approach of integrating ice lens thickness is more accurate than that by analyzing void ratio for the soil with a lower permeability coefficient like clay, while they have little difference for the silty and sandy soil that has a higher permeability coefficient.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 104498"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mechanical properties of frozen peat soil under true triaxial testing and intelligent constitutive modeling based on prior information","authors":"Hang Wei ,&nbsp;Zhaoming Yao ,&nbsp;Xun Wang ,&nbsp;Zihao Song","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104496","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mastering the mechanical properties of frozen soil under complex stress states in cold regions and establishing accurate constitutive models to predict the nonlinear stress-strain relationship of the soil under multi-factor coupling are key to ensuring the stability and safety of engineering projects. In this study, true triaxial tests were conducted on roadbed peat soil in seasonally frozen regions under different temperatures, confining pressures, and <em>b</em>-values. Based on analysis of the deviatoric stress–major principal strain curve, the variation patterns of the intermediate principal stress, volumetric strain and minor principal strain deformation characteristics, and anisotropy of deformation, as well as verification of the failure point strength criterion, an intelligent constitutive model that describes the soil's stress−strain behavior was established using the Transformer network, integrated with prior information, and the robustness and generalization ability of the model were evaluated. The results indicate that the deviatoric stress is positively correlated with the confining pressure and the <em>b</em>-value, and it is negatively correlated with the freezing temperature. The variation in the intermediate principal stress exhibits a significant nonlinear growth characteristic. The soil exhibits expansion deformation in the direction of the minor principal stress, and the volumetric strain exhibits shear shrinkage. The anisotropy of the specimen induced by stress is negatively correlated with temperature and positively correlated with the <em>b</em>-value. Three strength criteria were used to validate the failure point of the sample, and it was found that the spatially mobilized plane strength criterion is the most suitable for describing the failure behavior of frozen peat soil. A path-dependent physics-informed Transformer model that considers the physical constraints and stress paths was established. This model can effectively predict the stress-strain characteristics of soil under different working conditions. The prediction correlation of the model under the Markov chain Monte Carlo strategy was used as an evaluation metric for the original model's robustness, and the analysis results demonstrate that the improved model has good robustness. The validation dataset was input to the trained model, and it was found that the model still exhibits a good prediction accuracy, demonstrating its strong generalization ability. The research results provide a deeper understanding of the mechanical properties of frozen peat soil under true triaxial stress states, and the established intelligent constitutive model provides theoretical support for preventing engineering disasters and for early disaster warning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 104496"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143737953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on vertical load-bearing capacity of bridge pile foundation considering permafrost degradation","authors":"Wanping Wang,&nbsp;Xiyin Zhang,&nbsp;Ningning Liu,&nbsp;Xuhao Lv","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104495","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104495","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study conducted load-bearing capacity tests to quantitatively analyze the impact of permafrost degradation on the vertical load-bearing capacity of railway bridge pile foundations. Meanwhile, a prediction model of vertical load-bearing capacity for pile foundations considering permafrost degradation was developed and validated through these tests. The findings indicate that the permafrost degradation significantly influences both the failure patterns of the pile foundation and the surrounding soil. With the aggravation of permafrost degradation, damage to the pile foundation and the surrounding soil becomes more pronounced. Furthermore, as permafrost degradation aggravates, both the vertical ultimate bearing capacity and maximum side friction resistance of pile foundations exhibit a significant downward trend. Under unfrozen soil conditions, the vertical ultimate bearing capacity of pile foundations is reduced to 20.1 % compared to when the permafrost thickness is 160 cm, while the maximum side friction resistance drops to 13.2 %. However, permafrost degradation has minimal impact on the maximum end bearing capacity of pile foundations. Nevertheless, as permafrost degradation aggravates, the proportion of the maximum end bearing capacity attributed to pile foundations increases. Moreover, the rebound rate of pile foundations decreases with decreasing permafrost thickness. Finally, the results confirm that the proposed prediction model can demonstrates a satisfactory level of accuracy in forecasting the impact of permafrost degradation on the vertical load-bearing capacity of pile foundations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 104495"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Thermographic analysis of ethylene glycol–based aircraft anti-icing fluid: Investigation of fluid failure mechanisms during simulated snow endurance tests” [Cold Regions Science and Technology, Volume 234, June 2025, 104472].","authors":"Sanae Benaissa,&nbsp;Derek Harvey,&nbsp;Gelareh Momen","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104491","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 104491"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143737780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State of the art of mechanical behaviors of frozen soils through experimental investigation","authors":"Kai-Qi Li ,&nbsp;Zhen-Yu Yin ,&nbsp;Zhao-Hui Yang ,&nbsp;Yong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104497","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104497","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Frozen soils exhibit unique mechanical behavior due to the coexistence of ice and unfrozen water, making experimental studies essential for engineering applications in cold regions. This review comprehensively examines laboratory investigations on frozen soils under static and dynamic loadings, including uniaxial and triaxial compression, creep, direct shear, and freeze-thaw (F-T) cycle tests. Key findings on stress-strain characteristics, failure mechanisms, and the effects of temperature and time are synthesized. Advancements in microstructural analysis techniques, such as computed tomography (CT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), are also summarized to elucidate the internal structural evolution of frozen soils. While significant progress has been made, further efforts are needed to better replicate complex environmental and loading conditions and to fully understand the interactions between multiple influencing factors. Future research should focus on developing novel experimental techniques, establishing standardized testing protocols, and creating a comprehensive database to enhance data accessibility and advance frozen soil research. This review provides critical insights into frozen soil mechanics and supports validating constitutive models and numerical simulations, aiding infrastructure design and construction in cold regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 104497"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143705293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistivity and unfrozen water content of moraine soil at freezing temperatures: experiments and thermodynamic modeling","authors":"Xin Wei ,&nbsp;Yanjun Shen ,&nbsp;Zhenlei Wei ,&nbsp;Yan Wang ,&nbsp;Yongzhi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The unfrozen water content at different freezing temperatures is the main parameter that characterizing the electrical resistivity properties during soil freezing. This study focuses on moraine soil from the Galongla Glacier in southeastern Tibet, utilizing nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology and an LCR digital bridge tester to examine the intricate relationships between resistivity, unfrozen water, and freezing temperature under varying moisture and fine particle contents. The freezing points of pore water in moraines and the moisture characteristic threshold were also determined. A theoretical model of unfrozen water and resistivity was proposed in conjunction with the ternary conductivity theory, and the electrical conduction mechanism of moraine soil during freezing was revealed. The results showed that the resistivity of moraine soil exhibited a negative exponential correlation with moisture content and increase as the freezing temperature decreased. Under identical temperature conditions, moisture content has a more significant influence on resistivity than fine particle content. During the freezing process, the unfrozen water of moraine soil was observed to progress through three distinct phases, including slow decline, rapid decline, and stabilization. The freezing point of bulk water in moraine soil ranged from 0 to −2 °C, that of capillary water ranged from −2 to −4 °C, while that of loosely bound water ranged from −4 °C to −6 °C, according to which the two <em>T</em>₂ thresholds were identified to quantitatively differentiate between the types of pore water in moraine soil. By considering the internal circuit principles of moraine soil at different freezing states, a theoretical model for resistivity and unfrozen water content under negative temperature conditions was developed and verified for reliability. This study provides a scientific basis for revealing the hydrothermal effects and catastrophic mechanisms of moraine roadbeds in cold regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 104494"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143705211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}