Clinical nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the relationship between dietary factors and structural brain alterations in a partial least squares correlation analysis","authors":"Carola Mayer ,&nbsp;Merle Ebinghaus ,&nbsp;Marvin Petersen ,&nbsp;Felix L. Nägele ,&nbsp;Maximilian Schell ,&nbsp;Bastian Cheng ,&nbsp;Märit Jensen ,&nbsp;Nils Schumacher ,&nbsp;Sanjula D. Singh ,&nbsp;Jonathan Rosand ,&nbsp;Elina L. Petersen ,&nbsp;Raphael Twerenbold ,&nbsp;Felix Alexander Neumann ,&nbsp;Bettina Jagemann ,&nbsp;Götz Thomalla ,&nbsp;Birgit-Christiane Zyriax","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background &amp; aims</h3><div>While nutritional behavior has been shown to affect cognitive health, data is lacking on the association between nutrition and structural brain alterations. We aimed to investigate whether specific food items, commonly found in dietary patterns that are considered healthy, are associated with preserved brain structure.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Utilizing data from a prospective, cross-sectional, population-based cohort study, we applied a partial least squares correlation (PLS) analysis to identify multivariate associative effects between two data modalities: a) imaging parameters derived from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of global brain micro- and macrostructure; and b) items of validated dietary patterns (Mediterranean diet, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet) assessed with a food frequency questionnaire. We controlled for confounding factors by regressing out effects of age, sex, education, and cardiovascular risk factors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 2,652 participants were included in the statistical analysis. The PLS revealed one significant latent variable explaining 64 % of the shared variance between dietary items and brain imaging markers. Specifically, the latent variable corresponded with a covariance pattern relating higher consumption of vegetables, fruits, whole grains and dairies and a lower consumption of cheese with preserved brain structure, indicated by an increased microstructural integrity, higher cortical thickness and lower white matter hyperintensity volume.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Across all dietary patterns, vegetables and fruits were the food groups with consistent associations with preserved brain structure, indicating the importance of these foods for neurological health. The MIND diet as the dietary pattern with neurological focus showed the highest number of items associated with brain structure. To reach conclusions on causality, longitudinal analyses should be included in future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"52 ","pages":"Pages 8-16"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144653702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of Bifidobacterium breve BBr60 (BBr60) on metabolic and gastrointestinal health in healthy adults: A combined in vitro metabolomic and randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","authors":"Yao Dong ,&nbsp;Yihui Cai ,&nbsp;Hairui Tian ,&nbsp;Jian Wen ,&nbsp;Mei Han ,&nbsp;Yan Tan ,&nbsp;Kang Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study aims to evaluate the physiological and psychological health impacts of <em>Bifidobacterium breve</em> BBr60 (BBr60) on healthy adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study was divided into preclinical research and a clinical trial phase. In the preclinical study, the bioactive components of BBr60 were analyzed through LC-MS targeted metabolomics. In the clinical trial, 109 healthy adults aged 19–45 were recruited to participate in an 8-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either a BBr60 supplement (10¹⁰ CFU/day) or a placebo (maltodextrin). Throughout the study, liver function, metabolic markers, cardiovascular and body composition metrics were assessed. Volunteer scores on the Alcohol Dependence Scale (ADS), Nepean Dyspepsia Index (NDI), Gastrointestinal Symptom Scale (GIS), and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) were recorded, and the impact on the intestinal microbiota structure and function of healthy participants was analyzed through 16S rRNA sequencing.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The preclinical study indicated the role of BBr60 in modulating key metabolic pathways, including those involved in ABC transporters, arginine, proline, and tryptophan metabolism. Clinical trial results demonstrated significant improvements in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and reductions in total cholesterol with BBr60 supplementation. Gastrointestinal symptoms and emotional states also improved, with significant reductions in ADS scores (<em>p</em> = 0.000), particularly in symptoms related to alcohol consumption such as post-drinking memory loss and tremulous delirium. Additionally, significant enhancements in gastrointestinal health were observed, as indicated by a notable decrease in NDI scores (<em>p</em> = 0.002), suggesting reduced impact of stomach issues on daily life. GIS scores further confirmed improvements in gastrointestinal function, particularly in early satiety and appetite. While overall emotional changes were not significant, positive emotional scores increased post-intervention, and negative emotional scores decreased. The probiotic demonstrated good safety and tolerability throughout the 8-week trial period.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Supplementation with BBr60 not only significantly alleviated neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with alcohol consumption but also showed potential benefits in enhancing gastrointestinal and metabolic health. These findings support further research into BBr60 as a potential non-pharmacological intervention to improve both psychological and physiological health.</div><div><strong>Trial Registration Number</strong>: NCT06196892 (<span><span>ClinicalTrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"51 ","pages":"Pages 349-361"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144611880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient characteristics associated with the provision of nutritional support to older hospitalised patients at risk of malnutrition: A cohort study","authors":"Kristin I. Folven ,&nbsp;Randi J. Tangvik ,&nbsp;Roy M. Nilsen ,&nbsp;Anne Marie Beck ,&nbsp;Kari Sygnestveit ,&nbsp;Eli Skeie ,&nbsp;Øystein Hetlevik ,&nbsp;Eva Biringer","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.07.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><div>There is a need for knowledge about the factors affecting nutritional support to hospitalised older patients at risk of malnutrition. We aimed to investigate whether patient characteristics are associated with the likelihood of hospitalised older patients at risk of malnutrition receiving nutritional support.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study included 3188 hospital stays among 2739 individual somatic patients aged ≥65 years who were at risk of malnutrition according to the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002). Information on the risk of malnutrition, nutritional support (menu modification, oral nutritional supplements and enteral or parenteral nutrition) and dietitian involvement was collected from in-hospital point prevalence surveys between 2008 and 2018. Information on age, sex, diagnoses and type of hospitalisation was retrieved from the electronic patient administration systems. We applied logistic and multinomial regression models to investigate associations of patient characteristics (age, sex, number of diagnoses, BMI, type of hospitalisation and nutritional risk screening score) with the likelihoods of receiving any nutritional support and specific types of nutritional support.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Nutritional support was provided in 56 % and planned in 9 % of hospital stays. Dietitians were involved in 7 % of hospital stays, and 21 % of patients at risk of malnutrition had diagnoses related to malnutrition. Older patients were less likely to have received any nutritional support as compared to the patients 65–69 years old (adjusted OR range: 0.69–0.84). Patients classified as underweight were more likely (adjusted OR (95%CI): 1.77 (1.44, 2.17)) and patients in the overweight and obese categories were less likely (adjusted OR (95%CI): 0.70 (0.57, 0.87) and 0.70 (0.52, 0.94), respectively) to receive nutritional support. The OR for receiving nutritional support substantially increased with increasing NRS 2002 score (adjusted OR range: 1.79–4.20).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study showed that over one-third of older patients at risk of malnutrition did not receive nutritional support in hospital and that older patients with more diagnoses, those classified as underweight, and those with higher NRS 2002 scores were more frequently provided nutritional support. The findings suggest that healthcare professionals’ decisions regarding whether to provide nutritional support to older patients at risk of malnutrition to a large extent are affected by patient characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"51 ","pages":"Pages 334-341"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144605960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of bone mineral density in healthy term-born children at age 6 months and 3 years","authors":"D.J. Dorrepaal ,&nbsp;I.A.L.P. van Beijsterveldt ,&nbsp;E.H.H.M. Rings ,&nbsp;A.C.S. Hokken-Koelega","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background &amp; aims</h3><div>The first 6 months of life are a critical window for adiposity programming, which could potentially also be true for bone mineral density (BMD) development. It is, however, currently unknown which determinants associate with BMD during early childhood. Our objective was to assess which determinants associate with BMD at 6 months and 3 years of age, with focus on growth during the first 6 months of life and macronutrient intake.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In 428 healthy term-born infants, aged 6 months and 3 years, we measured anthropometrics, BMD total body less head (BMD_TBLH) and body composition by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and collected feeding characteristics by questionnaires. At age 3 months, macronutrient intake was measured in formula-fed and exclusively breastfed infants using a Human Milk Analyzer. At age 3 years, feeding diaries were analyzed regarding macronutrients and vitamin D intake. Associations of BMD_TBLH standard deviation score (SDS) with child characteristics, growth and macronutrient intake were investigated with regression analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Reference values for BMD_TBLH at age 6 months were constructed. Weight SDS, lean body mass (LBM) and fat mass (FM) associated positively with BMD_TBLH SDS at age 6 months. The same variables associated positively with BMD_TBLH SDS at age 3 years, with also length SDS. Protein intake at age 3 months associated positively with BMD_TBLH SDS at age 6 months, and fat intake at 3 years inversely with BMD_TBLH SDS at 3 years.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Lean body mass is the most important determinant of BMD_TBLH SDS at age 6 months and 3 years. Higher protein intake at age 3 months and lower fat intake at age 3 years associate with higher BMD_TBLH SDS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"51 ","pages":"Pages 304-313"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144589163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of the implications of maternal monosodium glutamate consumption on offspring health","authors":"Maggie Wang ,&nbsp;Yijia Zhang ,&nbsp;Meghan Angley ,&nbsp;Ka Kahe","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.06.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.06.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><div>Monosodium glutamate (MSG), a globally used food additive for over a century, is considered generally safe. Although inconsistent, many animal studies have shown that MSG is associated with multiple health conditions, necessitating a closer examination of its potential health impact, especially on fetal development. Human data on MSG's effects on offspring during pregnancy are lacking. This review examines existing literature to assess the impact of maternal MSG consumption on offspring health.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic literature search of human and animal studies was conducted using PubMed and Web of Science, resulting in 14 animal studies and no eligible human studies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Included studies highlighted potential weight fluctuations, alterations in skeletal and liver development, obesity, and neurological alterations in offspring. MSG may cross the placenta to exert direct effects on the developing fetus, while potentially inducing physiological changes in pregnant women that secondarily influence offspring. The possible mechanisms underlying the observed offspring's outcomes include neurotransmitter disruption, which can lead to neurological implications. Additionally, MSG may promote oxidative stress, potentially contributing to liver toxicity and obesity. MSG's interference with hormones, such as progesterone and ghrelin may impair fetal growth and skeletal development, while altering leptin and adipsin pathways may predispose offspring to obesity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Current evidence from human studies is lacking. Animal models can help elucidate biological mechanisms, but they may not fully capture human physiology. Future prospective cohort studies with rigorous MSG assessment are needed to clarify the impact of maternal MSG intake on the health of human offspring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"51 ","pages":"Pages 314-324"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144597062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thank you, Mick","authors":"Dileep N. Lobo ,&nbsp;Stanislaw Klek","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.06.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.06.012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"51 ","pages":"Pages 388-389"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144539297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of metabolomic associated with pancreatic cancer patients with overweight and obesity","authors":"Rita Ghosh ,&nbsp;Pinpin Sui ,&nbsp;Danielle Fritze ,&nbsp;Sarahi Fernandez ,&nbsp;Audrie Torres ,&nbsp;Jillian Woodworth ,&nbsp;Francisco G. Cigarroa ,&nbsp;Glenn A. Halff ,&nbsp;Addanki P. Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.06.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.06.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><div>The near equal incidence and mortality rates of pancreatic cancer, combined with projections that by 2050 pancreatic cancer will be the second-most fatal cancer, underscore the need to identify patients with early disease and thus interrupt this trajectory. Obesity, weight gain and waistline have been implicated in increasing the risk of pancreatic cancer. Factors such as inflammation, insulin resistance, and changes in intestinal microbiome have been suggested to be involved in obesity. Although metabolomic analyses of pancreatic cancer patients have established correlations between phospholipids, lysophospholipids with treatment outcomes, the association between metabolites, obesity, and pancreatic cancer remains largely understudied. We hypothesized that global metabolomic profile of obese and overweight pancreatic cancer patients will be different compared with healthy weight subjects with no cancer.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Global metabolic profiles were determined in obese and overweight pancreatic cancer patients compared with healthy weight subjects using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Analysis of the data using the Benjamini &amp; Hochberg method to control the false discovery rate revealed statistically significant changes in branched chain amino acids, lipid metabolites including monoacyl glycerol, and fructose in overweight/obese pancreatic cancer patients relative to healthy weight.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our findings suggest that metabolomic pathways as potential targets for high-risk pancreatic cancer patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"51 ","pages":"Pages 240-251"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144549036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The moderating effect of dietary patterns on the association of depression and anxiety with cognitive function","authors":"Hilal Salim Said Al Shamsi ,&nbsp;Samantha L. Gardener ,&nbsp;Hamid R. Sohrabi ,&nbsp;Kevin Taddei ,&nbsp;Colin L. Masters ,&nbsp;Stephanie R. Rainey-Smith ,&nbsp;Ralph N. Martins ,&nbsp;W.M.A.D.B. Fernando","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.06.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.06.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><div>Investigating modifiable risk factors, such as diet, is crucial in understanding their effects on the relationship between Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-related cognitive decline and related conditions. This study assesses whether dietary patterns moderate the relationship between symptoms of depression, anxiety, and cognitive function in older adults. Given that biological and psychosocial differences between sexes may influence dietary behaviours, mental health symptoms, and cognitive outcomes, conducting sex-stratified analyses will allow for identification of differential associations.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Cross-sectional data from cognitively unimpaired older adults (<em>n</em> = 1174, age ≥60 years) from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) study were included. Participants completed the Cancer Council of Victoria food frequency questionnaire, provided depression and anxiety symptom data, and underwent neuropsychological testing. Composite scores for six cognitive domains were generated from individual test scores (episodic recall, recognition, executive function, language, attention processing, and the AIBL Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite (PACC)). Dietary pattern scores were calculated for the Mediterranean diet (MeDi), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and Western diet. Moderation analysis explored interactions between dietary patterns, depression, anxiety, and cognitive performance.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The MeDi was found to moderate the relationship between depressive symptoms and attention processing in males, where low to moderate MeDi adherence was linked to poorer attention with higher depressive symptoms. The Western diet moderated the relationship between anxiety and the AIBL PACC score in males, with high adherence to the Western diet associated with worse PACC performance in those with greater anxiety. No significant moderating effects were observed in females for the MeDi and Western diet, or in either sex for the DASH diet on the association of depression and anxiety with cognitive function.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings also emphasise the importance of sex-specific approaches in research on symptoms of depression and anxiety, cognitive health, and diet. Our results highlight the need for further investigation into sex-specific pathways using longitudinal study designs and randomised controlled trials to establish causal relationships.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"51 ","pages":"Pages 278-286"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144572417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of Mediterranean diet with and without exercise on body composition in adults with chronic disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials","authors":"Surbhi Sood ,&nbsp;Amy Lauren Sylivris ,&nbsp;Ayesha Sualeheen ,&nbsp;David Scott ,&nbsp;Sze-Yen Tan ,&nbsp;Anthony Villani ,&nbsp;Brenton J. Baguley ,&nbsp;Gavin Abbott ,&nbsp;Nicole Kiss ,&nbsp;Robin M. Daly ,&nbsp;Elena S. George","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.06.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.06.019","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background &amp; aims&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), with and without energy restriction, has been associated with reduced risk of numerous chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Exercise is well known to improve various health outcomes in individuals with chronic diseases and emerging evidence indicates that combining diet and exercise may be superior to individual interventions. The primary aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effects of all MedDiet interventions (regardless of exercise or energy restriction), as well as MedDiet alone (and in hypocaloric and isocaloric subgroups) on body composition outcomes [weight, waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), body fat (BF), lean mass (LM) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT)] in adults with chronic disease. Secondary aims were to assess the effects of MedDiet plus exercise, including in hypocaloric and isocaloric subgroups, on body composition outcomes.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Four electronic databases (ProQuest, Medline, Embase and CINAHL) were searched from inception to January 2025. Randomised controlled trials including MedDiet interventions in adults with chronic diseases that assessed body composition as outcomes were included. Outcomes were pooled using random-effect meta-analysis for MedDiet interventions compared with controls to determine the standardised mean difference.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Twenty papers were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, reporting data from 17 unique studies. Reductions in BMI (SMD = −1.21, P = 0.01) and VAT (SMD = −0.12, P = 0.02) and improvements in LM (SMD = 0.11, P = 0.01) were found in meta-analytic models including all MedDiet interventions (regardless of exercise or energy restriction). MedDiet alone did not result in significant changes in any body composition outcomes. Interventions combining MedDiet plus exercise had statistically significant effects on reducing weight (SMD = −0.19), BMI (SMD = −0.27), WC (SMD = −0.39), BF (SMD = −0.13) and VAT (SMD = −0.12), with all P &lt; 0.05. Although effect sizes were small, the estimated absolute reductions were approximately 2.5 kg in weight, 1.0 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; in BMI, 3.5 cm in WC and 102 g in VAT, based on SD reported previously in the literature. Subgroup analysis showed that hypocaloric MedDiet plus exercise significantly reduced BMI (SMD = −0.24, P = 0.01), BF (SMD = −0.13, P = 0.01), and VAT (SMD = −0.12, P = 0.02), while isocaloric MedDiet with exercise led to significant reductions in weight (SMD = −0.18, P = 0.04), BMI (SMD = −0.24, P = 0.02), and WC (SMD = −0.32, P = 0.0) relative to controls.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;MedDiet interventions (regardless of exercise or energy restriction) led to improvements in BMI, LM and VAT. MedDiet in combination with exercise, with or without energy restriction improved all body composition outcomes, with the excepti","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"51 ","pages":"Pages 222-239"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144549035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Raw bioelectrical impedance parameters as informative markers of body composition in youth","authors":"Gil B. Rosa ,&nbsp;Ruben Francisco ,&nbsp;Analiza M. Silva ,&nbsp;Henry C. Lukaski ,&nbsp;Ana V. Bernardino ,&nbsp;Luís B. Sardinha","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.06.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.06.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background &amp; Aims</h3><div>Raw bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) parameters, particularly phase angle (PhA), are essential clinical and performance markers. However, their potential as body composition markers remains underexplored in youth. This investigation examined the associations between PhA and other series- and parallel-transformed raw BIA parameters and multiple body components organized at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels in youth.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional sample of 681 youth (10–17 years, 49 % females) was assessed using a phase-sensitive BIA device (50 kHz), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and a freezing point depression osmometer. Multiple linear regression examined each raw BIA parameter's unadjusted and adjusted relationships with body components.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>PhA was associated with all body components in females (molecular level: <em>β</em> = |0.170| to |0.584|; cellular level: <em>β</em> = 0.409 to 0.582; tissue level: <em>β</em> = 0.170 to 0.569) and males (molecular level: <em>β</em> = |0.542| to |0.729|; cellular level: <em>β</em> = 0.612 to 0.729; tissue level: <em>β</em> = 0.714; p ≤ 0.05), independently of relevant confounders. No relationship was found between PhA and fat mass and adipose tissue in males (p &gt; 0.05). Other raw BIA parameters were shown to be even more associated with body composition than PhA in females (molecular level: <em>β</em> = |0.172| to |0.827|; cellular level: <em>β</em> = |0.292| to |0.713|; tissue level: <em>β</em> = |0.635| to |0.821|) and males (molecular level: <em>β</em> = |0.555| to |0.926|; cellular level: <em>β</em> = |0.554| to |0.870|; tissue level: <em>β</em> = |0.827| to |0.916|; p ≤ 0.05). In both sexes, the association power of these BIA parameters was lower regarding fat-related parameters (<em>β</em> = non-significant to |0.460|).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>PhA was moderately associated with most body components in youth, except for fat-related components in males, independent of confounding variables. Resistance adjusted to stature consistently emerged as the most relevant marker, highlighting its potential to inform about body composition at an early age.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"51 ","pages":"Pages 266-277"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144562823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}