{"title":"Intravenous lipid emulsions designed to meet preterm infant requirements increase plasma and tissue levels of docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid in mice","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2024.08.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2024.08.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background & aims</h3><p>Intravenous lipid emulsions used in preterm infants contain insufficient docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) to support normal development, resulting in deficiencies that contribute to complications of prematurity and cognitive delay. We sought to investigate the effects of new intravenous lipid emulsions designed to contain sufficient DHA and ARA to meet preterm needs, while avoiding liver toxicity.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Three new lipid emulsions (NLE A-C) were laboratory-generated using high pressure homogenization. First, a long-term experiment evaluated the impact on plasma, liver, and frontal cortex fatty acid composition compared to commercially available lipid emulsions. Lipid emulsions were administered via daily orogastric gavage to four-week-old C57Bl/6 J mice. Next, liver toxicity was evaluated in a murine model of parenteral nutrition-induced hepatosteatosis. Mice were provided an <em>ad lib</em> fat-free high carbohydrate diet, with intravenous lipid emulsion administration every other day for 19 days.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Administration of commercially available lipid emulsions (soybean oil, mixed oil, or fish oil) resulted in decreased plasma and tissue levels of DHA and/or ARA compared to a chow control. The new lipid emulsions demonstrated a dose-response effect in plasma and tissue concentration of DHA and ARA. NLE C (with an approximately even DHA:ARA ratio), compared to chow, maintained similar DHA (19.2 ± 0.3 vs. 19.3 ± 0.3%, <em>P</em> = 1.00) and ARA (10.4 ± 0.2 vs. 9.9 ± 0.2% ARA, <em>P</em> = 0.75) content in frontal cortex tissue. All three new lipid emulsions prevented biochemical liver injury and pathologist-assessed hepatosteatosis; soybean oil lipid emulsion and mixed oil lipid emulsion treatment resulted in hepatosteatosis in both experiments.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Long-term treatment with the new lipid emulsions in juvenile mice resulted in increased plasma and tissue DHA and/or ARA content compared to currently available lipid emulsions. The new lipid emulsions also prevented hepatosteatosis and biochemical liver injury with enteral and parenteral administration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142089352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reply - Letter to the editor - YCLNU-D-24-02083","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2024.08.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2024.08.025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142087924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Response to Letter to the Editor: Comment on “risk factors for low muscle mass, malnutrition, and (probable-) sarcopenia in adults with or without a history of cancer in the UK Biobank”","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2024.08.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2024.08.022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142094752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reply - Letter to the Editor: Further understanding of the association between higher dietary live microbe intake and a lower risk of sarcopenia","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2024.08.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2024.08.020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142089353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prevalence and survival implications of malnutrition and sarcopenia in metastatic breast cancer: A longitudinal analysis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2024.08.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2024.08.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142055157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Geriatric nutritional risk index as a predictor for fragility fracture risk in elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2024.08.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2024.08.024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142094753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reply - Letter to the editor","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2024.08.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2024.08.021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142084448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comment on “feasibility, safety, and efficacy of dietary or lifestyle interventions for hypothalamic obesity: A systematic review”","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2024.08.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2024.08.023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142055156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Letter to the editor: “The effects of exposure to and timing of a choline-deficient diet during pregnancy and early postnatal life on the skeletal muscle transcriptome of the offspring”","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2024.08.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2024.08.018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142129731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}