Clinical nutrition最新文献

{"title":"An umbrella review of meta-analyses on the effects of microbial therapy in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease","authors":"Yuanyue Yao ,&nbsp;Qing Hong ,&nbsp;Siqi Ding ,&nbsp;Jie Cui ,&nbsp;Wenhui Li ,&nbsp;Jian Zhang ,&nbsp;Ye Sun ,&nbsp;Yiyang Yu ,&nbsp;Mingzhou Yu ,&nbsp;Chengcheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Lianmin Chen ,&nbsp;Jinchi Jiang ,&nbsp;Yonghong Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.02.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Current pharmacological treatments for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) are often accompanied by adverse side effects. Consequently, probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics, which are bioactive compounds from fermented foods and offer fewer side effects, have garnered significant attention as alternative therapeutic strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aims to assess the efficacy of microbial therapies—probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics—in managing MASLD and to identify the optimal treatment modality for various clinical indicators through a comprehensive umbrella review of meta-analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A thorough literature search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Scopus to identify 23 meta-analyses over 18,999 MASLD patients as of November 2024.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The findings indicate that microbial treatments positively influence levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), insulin, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), and body mass index (BMI) in MASLD patients. Notably, probiotics were most effective in reducing TC, ALT, AST, GGT, insulin, TNF-α, and BMI; prebiotics were most effective in reducing TG; and synbiotics were most effective in reducing LDL-C, HOMA-IR, and CRP.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our study provides robust evidence for microbial treatments of MASLD, enabling targeted interventions for different indicators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143438121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum tryptophan and kynurenine levels and risk of heart failure among patients with chronic kidney disease","authors":"Sara Mohiti ,&nbsp;Jacob Christensen ,&nbsp;Nino E. Landler ,&nbsp;Ida MH. Sørensen ,&nbsp;Jesper Qvist Thomassen ,&nbsp;Sasha S. Bjergfelt ,&nbsp;Ditte Hansen ,&nbsp;Bo Feldt-Rasmussen ,&nbsp;Susanne Bro ,&nbsp;Mehrangiz Ebrahimi-Mameghani ,&nbsp;Tor Biering-Sørensen ,&nbsp;Line S. Bisgaard ,&nbsp;Christina Christoffersen","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.01.028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.01.028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><div>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is often complicated by heart failure (HF), leading to increased mortality. Emerging evidence suggests that Tryptophan metabolites, through the Kynurenine pathway (KP), play a significant role in HF pathophysiology. Therefore, we explored the association of Tryptophan (TRP), Kynurenine (KYN), and the Kynurenine to Tryptophan ratio (KTR) with HF in CKD, hypothesizing a link between KP alterations and HF occurrence in this population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>673 non-dialysis patients aged 30 to 75 with CKD stages 1–5 were included. Incident HF data were collected through medical record reviews, and the median follow-up time was 3.9 years. Serum concentrations of KYN and TRP were measured using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Patients with more advanced stages of CKD had higher levels of KYN and KTR, and lower levels of TRP (p &lt; 0.001). Following adjustments for age, sex, BMI, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia, serum KYN and KTR remained significantly associated with prevalent HF in patients with CKD (p = 0.012, p = 0.028 respectively). Furthermore, Cox-regression analysis indicated that KTR concentration was associated with incident HF after adjusting for confounders such as age, sex, BMI, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes (p = 0.019).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In conclusion, the present analysis suggests that changes in the kynurenine pathway may be a new biomarker for HF in patients with CKD. Thus, KTR concentration might be associated with prevalent and future HF in patients with CKD. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms and potential of these metabolites in refining HF risk prediction and prevention in CKD patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"47 ","pages":"Pages 14-20"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143438122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of ultra-processed food consumption on the gut microbiota in the first year of life: Findings from the MINA–Brazil birth cohort study","authors":"Lucas D. Faggiani ,&nbsp;Paula de França ,&nbsp;Sofia G. Seabra ,&nbsp;Ester C. Sabino ,&nbsp;Lu Qi ,&nbsp;Marly A. Cardoso","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.01.030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.01.030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><div>The first years of life are fundamental for the establishment of the gut microbiota, with diet being one of the main early exposures. During this period, the beneficial effect of breastfeeding on modulating the gut microbiota is well known; however, there are important gaps in the literature on the effects of ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption, particularly in longitudinal and large sample designs. Through a prospective birth cohort study, we investigated the effects of UPF consumption on the gut microbiota of children during the first year of life.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study included children from the MINA–Brazil birth cohort with gut microbiota data (16S rRNA) available at the 1-year follow-up (n = 728). Data on breastfeeding practices were collected after childbirth and during follow-up visits. Complementary feeding was measured using a semi-structured questionnaire, referring to the day before the interview at the 1-year follow-up. A combined variable was generated according to breastfeeding practices and UPF consumption and was used as an independent variable in the adjusted median regression models, with alpha diversity parameters as the dependent variable. Beta diversity was analyzed using PERMANOVA according to Bray–Curtis dissimilarity and Distance-based Redundancy Analysis (db-RDA) adjusted for covariates. Relative abundance was analyzed using ANCOM-BC (corrected by FDR) and MaAsLin2 adjusted for covariates.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Weaned children who consumed UPF showed a significant increase in alpha diversity for all parameters in the median regression models (Observed ASVs: p = 0.005; Shannon index: p = 0.036; Chao index: p = 0.026; Simpson index: p = 0.012) and in beta diversity (PERMANOVA: p = 0.006; db-RDA: p &lt; 0.001) compared to breastfed children who did not consume UPF. Breastfed children who did not consume UPF had a higher relative abundance of <em>Bifidobacterium</em> than weaned children who consumed UPF (both p &lt; 0.001 for ANCOM-BC and MaAsLin2) and a lower relative abundance of <em>Firmicutes</em> (p &lt; 0.001 for MaAsLin2), <em>Blautia</em> (both p &lt; 0.001 for ANCOM-BC and MaAsLin2), <em>Sellimonas</em> (p = 0.008 for ANCOM-BC) and <em>Finegoldia</em> (p = 0.045 for MaAsLin2) than weaned children who consumed UPF.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings suggest that UPF consumption may negatively impact the diversity and abundance of the gut microbiota, with a more pronounced effect in children who have already been weaned.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 181-190"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On how to feed critically ill children in intensive care: A slowly shifting paradigm","authors":"Jan Gunst ,&nbsp;Ilse Vanhorebeek ,&nbsp;Sascha CAT. Verbruggen ,&nbsp;Karolijn Dulfer ,&nbsp;Koen FM. Joosten ,&nbsp;Greet Van den Berghe","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Critically ill children requiring treatment in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) suffer from anorexia and/or feeding intolerance. The resulting macronutrient deficit associates with poor outcome. Until recently, this association formed the basis for initiating enteral or parenteral feeding early to improve outcome. The multicenter “Early-versus-Late-Parenteral-Nutrition-in-the-Pediatric-Intensive-Care-Unit” randomized controlled trial (PEPaNIC-RCT) addressed whether this association is causal. It showed that early supplementation of insufficient/contraindicated enteral nutrition with parenteral nutrition, as compared with accepting a macronutrient deficit throughout the first week in the PICU, did not improve outcome. On the contrary, it caused more infections and prolonged organ support and PICU stay, and adversely affected neurodevelopmental outcomes 2 and 4 years later. Harm was present in all subgroups and appeared explained by the macronutrient dose, more specifically the amino-acid dose, not lipid or glucose doses. These findings corroborated results from large-scale adult RCTs. Mechanisms of harm from early enhanced nutrition comprised suppressed cellular repair pathways like autophagy and ketogenesis, suppressed illness-induced alterations in thyroid hormone metabolism, more iatrogenic hyperglycemia, increased urea cycle activity through anabolic resistance, and induction of epigenetic modifications that mediate longer-term developmental impairments.</div><div>These results came unexpected to many pediatric intensivists. Hence, the paradigm has only slowly begun to shift toward more restrictive macronutrient administration in the acute phase of critical illness. Benefits of early fasting responses have become clear, provided micronutrients are given to prevent deficiencies and refeeding syndrome. These insights open perspectives for studies investigating novel nutritional strategies to activate fasting-induced cellular repair while avoiding prolonged starvation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 169-180"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry derived body composition trajectories across adulthood: Reference values and associations with body roundness index and body mass index","authors":"Jedd Pratt ,&nbsp;Marco Narici ,&nbsp;Colin Boreham ,&nbsp;Giuseppe De Vito","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Population-specific reference values are needed to accurately contextualise age-related changes in body composition. This study aimed to a) establish age- and sex-specific reference values and cut-points for a range of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) derived metrics of lean mass (LM), fat mass (FM) and bone mineral density (BMD), across adulthood in a large adult cohort; and b) determine the association between DXA-derived body composition, body roundness index (BRI), and body mass index (BMI).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Cross-sectional data were collected from 10,033 men and women aged from 18 to 92 years. Whole-body DXA scans were performed, and a range of metrics were calculated for LM (total LM, arm LM, leg LM, appendicular lean mass: ALM, skeletal muscle index: SMI), FM (total FM: kg and %, FMI, android to gynoid: A/G ratio) and bone (BMD). Cut-points equivalent to Z-scores of 1.0–2.5 SDs from the mean of a young reference population were established for each body composition metric.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Detailed age- and sex-specific percentile curves were generated using the LMS method. Metrics of LM, central adiposity and BMD were higher in men, compared to women, whereas metrics of general FM accumulation were higher in women, compared to men. In both sexes, all LM metrics remained broadly stable during early and middle adulthood, after which progressively lower quantities were shown, whereas progressively higher FM metrics were shown from early adulthood through to late adulthood. In men, BMD was broadly stable across adulthood, whereas in women, markedly lower BMD was observed from the fifth decade of life. Significantly higher quantities of LM were shown across BMI categories, but not across BRI categories. The BRI was better correlated with FM%, FMI, and A/G ratio, compared to the BMI.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The reference values presented herein may support the interpretation of body composition in public health settings and the identification of people who may benefit from intervention to improve musculoskeletal and metabolic health. The BRI better reflects DXA-derived body composition and may provide screening utility beyond that of the BMI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 137-146"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143348079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulating fatty acid profiles impact total, cardiovascular disease, and cancer mortality in a population-based prospective cohort study","authors":"Xiaohui Liu ,&nbsp;Yang Ao ,&nbsp;Yin Li ,&nbsp;Haoyin Liu ,&nbsp;Hao Ye ,&nbsp;Xiaoran Song ,&nbsp;Xunan Lin ,&nbsp;Youyou Zheng ,&nbsp;Xuzhi Wan ,&nbsp;Pan Zhuang ,&nbsp;Yu Zhang ,&nbsp;Jingjing Jiao","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.01.034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.01.034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Evidence linking circulating fatty acids (FAs) to mortality from age-related chronic diseases was limited and inconsistent. We aimed to investigate the associations of plasma FAs with total, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality and explore the potential mechanism.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>117,871 individuals were prospectively followed in the UK Biobank. Circulating FAs were measured by a high-throughput NMR-based metabolic platform. Causes and dates of death were collected from death certificates according to the code of International Statistical Classification of Diseases (ICD-10).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Over a median follow-up of 11.9 years, 7805 (6.6 %) deaths occurred. Plasma saturated FAs (SFAs) were positively associated with total mortality risk while plasma polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) exhibited an inverse association. For cause-specific mortality, circulating PUFAs, linoleic acid (LA), and n-3 PUFAs were associated with 34 %, 30 %, and 37 % lower risk of CVD mortality, respectively. Moreover, plasma n-3 PUFAs were related to a 24 % lower risk of cancer mortality. However, circulating non-LA n-6 PUFAs were associated with 11 % and 22 % higher risk of total and cancer mortality, respectively. Serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and apolipoprotein A (ApoA) had significant mediation effects on these associations. Additionally, the inverse association of plasma n-6 PUFAs with total mortality only existed among carriers of the GG genotype at rs16966952 and the inverse association of plasma PUFAs with CVD mortality was only observed among TT genotype carriers at rs174547.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Circulating PUFAs, particularly n-3 PUFAs and LA, were inversely related to premature death from chronic diseases and longevity. Inflammatory and lipid metabolism partially explained these associations. Genetic interactions with rs16966952 and rs174547 further modified these associations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 191-203"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143428260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between early enteral nutrition and clinical outcomes among critically ill patients with circulatory shock: A secondary analysis of a large-scale randomized controlled trial","authors":"Wenfang Jiang ,&nbsp;Weibang Pan ,&nbsp;Tianbin Cai ,&nbsp;Zhengyii Lee ,&nbsp;Guangyu Lv ,&nbsp;Yingqiao Bai ,&nbsp;Meiqiong Liu ,&nbsp;Zixiong Zhang ,&nbsp;Christian Stoppe ,&nbsp;Jayshil Patel ,&nbsp;Lu Ke ,&nbsp;Wenjian Mao ,&nbsp;Xiaoyuan Wang ,&nbsp;Chinese Critical Care Nutrition Trials Group (CCCNTG)","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.01.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.01.029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>It remains unclear if early enteral nutrition benefits patients with circulatory shock, particularly in those with prolonged use of vasopressors. This study aimed to assess the association between early enteral nutrition and clinical outcomes in patients with circulatory shock and whether the duration of circulatory shock (transient or persistent) impacts this association.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using data from a multicenter, cluster-randomized controlled trial, this secondary analysis involved patients with baseline circulatory shock as defined by a cardiovascular Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score of two or more. Patients were dichotomized into transient or persistent circulatory shock depending on the duration, while transient circulatory shock was defined by the resolution of shock within the first day of enrollment. Early enteral nutrition was defined as the initiation of enteral nutrition within 48 h after intensive care unit admission. The association between early enteral nutrition and a composite outcome (presence of any organ failure on study day 10 or 28-day mortality) was investigated by multivariable and propensity-score-weighted multivariable logistic regression analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Seven hundred and eighty-five patients were included in the analysis, and early enteral nutrition was administered to 385 patients (49.0 %) in the whole study cohort. In patients with transient circulatory shock (n = 527), 221 patients (41.9 %) received early enteral nutrition, and in those with persistent circulatory shock (n = 258), 164 patients (63.6 %) did so. For the overall cohort, there was no difference in the incidence of primary composite outcome between early enteral nutrition and ‘no early enteral nutrition ' groups (adjusted odd ratio 0.84, 95 % confidence interval 0.60–1.18) after adjustment for potential confounders. In patients with transient circulatory shock, receipt of early enteral nutrition, compared to no early enteral nutrition, was significantly associated with reduced incidence of the composite outcome (adjusted odd ratio 0.63, 95 % confidence interval 0.41–0.95, p = 0.027). On the contrary, there is no association between early enteral nutrition and the incidence of the composite outcome in patients with persistent circulatory shock (adjusted odd ratio 1.28, 95 % confidence interval 0.64–2.58, p = 0.485). The results of propensity-weighted multivariable analysis conform to the primary analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Early enteral nutrition was associated with improved clinical outcomes among patients with circulatory shock that resolved within the first day.</div></div><div><h3>Research registration unique identifying number (UIN) of the original NEED trial</h3><div>ISRCTN Registry, Registry number: ISRCTN12233792.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 147-154"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143348078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"G protein-coupled receptors: A golden key to the treasure-trove of neurodegenerative diseases","authors":"Huanhuan Li ,&nbsp;Zhen Qiao ,&nbsp;Xue Xiao ,&nbsp;Xiu Cao ,&nbsp;Zhaodong Li ,&nbsp;Mengru Liu ,&nbsp;Qian Jiao ,&nbsp;Xi Chen ,&nbsp;Xixun Du ,&nbsp;Hong Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.01.032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.01.032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a class of transmembrane proteins that distribute in various organs extensively. They can regulate physiological functions such as perception, neurotransmission and endocrinology through the synergies of signaling pathways. At present, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have approved more than 500 drugs targeting GPCRs to treat a variety of conditions, including neurological diseases, gastrointestinal diseases and tumors. Conformational diversity and dynamic changes make GPCRs a star target for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, GPCRs can also open biased signaling pathways for G protein and β-arrestin, which has unique functional selectivity and the possibility of overcoming side effects. Some studies believe that biased drugs will be the mainstream direction of drug innovation in the future. To disclose the essential role and research process of GPCRs in neurodegenerative diseases, we firstly reviewed several pivotal GPCRs and their mediated signaling pathways in Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Then we focused on the biased signaling pathway of GPCRs in these diseases. Finally, we updated the GPCR drugs under research for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in the clinical trials or approval. This review could provide valuable targets for precision therapy to cope with the dysfunction of neurodegenerative diseases in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 155-168"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum metabolomics and lipoproteomics discriminate celiac disease and non-celiac gluten sensitivity patients","authors":"Alessia Vignoli ,&nbsp;Claudio Luchinat ,&nbsp;Nicola Segata ,&nbsp;Daniela Renzi ,&nbsp;Leonardo Tenori ,&nbsp;Antonino Salvatore Calabrò","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2024.12.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2024.12.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background&amp;aims</h3><div>Celiac disease (CD) and potential CD (pCD) are immune-mediated disorders triggered by the ingestion of gluten. In non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) neither allergic nor autoimmune mechanisms are involved. Relationships between NCGS and CD need to be further investigated.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Serum metabolomics and lipoproteomics, performed via nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, were used to characterize these three gluten-related disorders. Lasso regression models were calculated to discriminate the groups of interest.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Several metabolites and lipoprotein-related parameters (particularly those associated with HDL cholesterol) allowed the selective discrimination between CD (and pCD) and NCGS. This evidence pointed to possible alterations of the gut microbiota in NCGS patients. Cross-validated regression models were able to discriminate between CD and NCGS, and pCD and NCGS with AUCs of 0.90 and 0.83, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This pilot study suggests changes in the gut microbiota and paves the way to the elucidation of the underlying mechanisms of NCGS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"45 ","pages":"Pages 31-35"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142906803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meat intake in relation to composition and function of gut microbiota","authors":"Susanna C. Larsson ,&nbsp;Ulrika Ericson ,&nbsp;Koen F. Dekkers ,&nbsp;Getachew Arage ,&nbsp;Luka Marko Rašo ,&nbsp;Sergi Sayols-Baixeras ,&nbsp;Ulf Hammar ,&nbsp;Gabriel Baldanzi ,&nbsp;Diem Nguyen ,&nbsp;H. Bjørn Nielsen ,&nbsp;Jacob B. Holm ,&nbsp;Ulf Risérus ,&nbsp;Karl Michaëlsson ,&nbsp;Johan Sundström ,&nbsp;J Gustav Smith ,&nbsp;Gunnar Engström ,&nbsp;Johan Ärnlöv ,&nbsp;Marju Orho-Melander ,&nbsp;Tove Fall ,&nbsp;Shafqat Ahmad","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2024.12.034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2024.12.034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Meat intake is suggested to affect gut microbiome composition and the risk of chronic diseases. We aimed to identify meat-associated gut microbiome features and their association with host factors.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Gut microbiota species were profiled by deep shotgun metagenomics sequencing in 9669 individuals. Intake of white meat, unprocessed red meat, and processed red meat was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. The associations of meat intake with alpha-diversity and relative abundance of gut microbiota species were tested using linear regression models with adjustment for dietary fiber intake, body mass index, and other potential confounders. Meat-associated species were further assessed for association with enrichment of microbial gene function, meat-associated plasma metabolites, and clinical biomarkers.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Higher intake of processed red meat was associated with reduced alpha microbial diversity. White meat, unprocessed, and processed red meat intakes were associated with 36, 14, and 322 microbiota species, respectively. Species associated with processed red meat were enriched for bacterial pathways like amino acid degradation, while those negatively linked were enriched for pathways like homoacetogenesis. Furthermore, species positively associated with processed red meat were to a large extent associated with reduced trimethylamine N-oxide and glutamine levels but increased creatine and carnitine metabolites, fasting insulin and glucose, C-reactive protein, apolipoprotein A1, and triglyceride levels and higher blood pressure.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This largest to date population-based study on meat and gut microbiota suggests that meat intake, particularly processed red meat, may modify the gut microbiota composition, functional capacity, and health-related biomarkers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"45 ","pages":"Pages 124-133"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142969911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}