Clinical nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Clinical outcomes in Crohn's disease patients with short bowel syndrome on home parenteral nutrition are comparable to those with short bowel syndrome from other etiologies","authors":"Alexa N. Sasson , Jessica Noelting , Katherine J.P. Schwenger , Yasaman Ghorbani , David Armstrong , Maitreyi Raman , Donald R. Duerksen , Scott Whittaker , Yidan Lu , Brian Jurewitsch , Leah Gramlich , Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan , Johane P. Allard","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.04.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.04.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background & aims</h3><div>Patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) and chronic intestinal failure require home parenteral nutrition (PN) support. The main cause of SBS remains Crohn's disease (CD), and complications in this cohort versus SBS from other etiologies remains to be determined. We therefore sought to investigate whether patients with SBS secondary to CD versus SBS secondary to other etiologies, have increased risk of complications and whether there is a difference in overall mortality between groups.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is a multicentre prospective cohort study using the Canadian Home Parenteral Nutrition (HPN) Registry. Two groups were compared: 1) SBS secondary to CD (SBS-CD) vs. 2) SBS- secondary to other etiologies (SBS-Other) (including trauma, surgical complication, vascular event, volvulus and malignancy). Clinical data for each patient included: number of hospitalizations, number of hospitalizations related to HPN and number of hospitalization days related to HPN, incidence of line sepsis per 1000 catheter days and mortality. Descriptive statistics are presented as median (interquartile range) for continuous variables and as frequency (percentage) for categorical variables as appropriate. Comparison between groups were performed using a 2-sample t-test,Poisson regression analysis or Wilcoxon rank sum test for continuous variables and Chi-square or Fisher exact tests when appropriate for categorical variables. Kaplan-Meir curve and multivariate analysis was performed to assess mortality. Statistical significance is set at a p-value <0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study included 383 patients with SBS and intestinal failure: 172 (45 %) SBS-CD and 211 (55 %) SBS-Other; followed for median of 4 (2, 6) years and 2 (2, 4) years respectively (p = 0.027). The groups were comparable at baseline except for younger age, shorter small bowel length and medications with higher use of immunosuppressant therapy (39 % vs. 7 %, p < 0.001) in those with CD. The number of hospitalizations, hospitalization days, and line sepsis per 1000 catheter days were similar amongst the SBS- CD and SBS-Other (p > 0.05 across all primary outcomes). Mortality events were also similar between groups (31 patients (26.72 %) in SBS CD group vs. 37 patients (29.84 %) in SBS- Other group, p = 0.6676). The Kaplan-Meir curve did not show a statistical difference in mortality between groups but a multivariate analysis of the entire patient population showed that age was associated with mortality. In subgroup analysis, patients with SBS- CD taking immunosuppressant therapy were not at higher risk of hospitalizations or line sepsis compared to those not on immunomodulating therapies (0.50 versus 1.57 p = 0.0417).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Individuals with SBS CD do not have increased risk of hospitalizations, central line infections or mortality compared to those with SBS from other causes. In CD, th","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 149-156"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143887176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of lacto-vegetarian and vegan diets on glycemic responses and metabolite profiles in healthy adults: A randomized trial using continuous glucose monitoring and targeted metabolomics","authors":"Xianyu Zhu ,&nbsp;Rajagopal Gayathri ,&nbsp;Valangaiman Sriram Manasa ,&nbsp;Kuzhanthaivelu Abirami ,&nbsp;Shilpa N. Bhupathiraju ,&nbsp;Ranjit Mohan Anjana ,&nbsp;D Ian Givens ,&nbsp;Anisha Wijeyesekera ,&nbsp;Vasudevan Sudha ,&nbsp;Viswanathan Mohan ,&nbsp;Karani S. Vimaleswaran","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.04.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.04.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Our previous studies have demonstrated that dairy products protect against type 2 diabetes (T2D) and improve cardiometabolic health outcomes. Given that continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and metabolomics analysis capture different aspects of T2D, this study investigated the effects of dairy and non-dairy products on the glycemic and metabolite profiles in healthy adults following lacto-vegetarian and vegan diets.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A parallel randomized feeding trial with 30 participants compared isoenergetic vegan and lacto-vegetarian diets. All participants wore CGM sensors for 14 days to track glucose concentrations. Anthropometric and biochemical characteristics were also measured. In a subgroup of 13 individuals, fasting and postprandial blood samples were collected on days 1 and 15 for metabolomics analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our CGM data showed higher mean glucose concentrations in the vegan group over 14 days compared to the lacto-vegetarian group (<em>p</em> = 0.0399), after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, and baseline glucose concentrations. Metabolomics analysis from day 1 to day 15 showed increased postprandial phenylalanine (Phe; <em>p</em> = 0.0189) in the vegan group, while the lacto-vegetarian group showed increased acetyl carnitine (C2; <em>p</em> = 0.00704) and decreased argininosuccinic acid (<em>p</em> = 0.0149).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our pilot CGM data suggest a lacto-vegetarian diet may offer better glycemic control, potentially explained by our preliminary metabolomics findings. The increased Phe observed in the vegan group may be explained by a hypothetical mechanism in which higher glucose induces oxidative stress, whereas the increased C2 from dairy in the lacto-vegetarian group may protect against oxidative stress, contributing to lower glucose concentrations. However, larger, longer-term studies with more diverse populations, along with <em>in vitro</em> investigations into biomolecular mechanisms, are needed to confirm these findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 138-148"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-world evidence for an association of vitamin D supplementation with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the UK Biobank","authors":"Sha Sha ,&nbsp;Ruijie Xie ,&nbsp;Tafirenyika Gwenzi ,&nbsp;Youqing Wang ,&nbsp;Hermann Brenner ,&nbsp;Ben Schöttker","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.04.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.04.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains a substantial healthcare burden. The Australian D-Health trial recently showed potential efficacy of vitamin D supplementation (VDS) in reducing major ASCVD events. Whether the efficacy could be translated into real-world effectiveness is unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Leveraging data from the UK Biobank, we used Cox regression with competing risk of all-cause mortality to assess the association of self-reported regular VDS (83.3 % from over-the-counter) and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels with ASCVD as a composite endpoint and as separate endpoints including ischemic heart disease (IHD), cerebrovascular disease, peripheral arterial disease, and atherosclerotic disease.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 409,822 study participants aged 40–69 years, 20.7 % were vitamin D deficient (25[OH]D &lt; 30 nmol/L) and 34.4 % were vitamin D insufficient (25[OH]D 30-&lt;50 nmol/L). Regular VDS was reported by 4.3 % of the study participants. During the follow-up of 15.9 years, 11.6 % of participants developed ASCVD. Compared to vitamin D sufficiency, vitamin D deficiency was associated with a significantly increased risk of the total ASCVD (hazard ratio [95 % confidence interval]: 1.10 [1.07–1.13]) and all separate ASCVD endpoints in the fully adjusted model with 48 covariates. Consistently, compared to non-users, VDS was associated with a reduced total ASCVD risk in the model fully adjusted for the 50 covariates (0.94[0.90–0.98]). Regarding the individual ASCVD disorders, VDS was associated with reduced IHD risk (0.90[0.86–0.96]).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Self-reported regular VDS and being vitamin D sufficient were both associated with reduced ASCVD risk in real-world settings. For people with low 25(OH)D levels, regular VDS may be a beneficial strategy for ASCVD prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 118-127"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143854544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of a 24-week supervised concurrent exercise intervention on fecal microbiota diversity and composition in young sedentary adults: The ACTIBATE randomized controlled trial","authors":"Borja Martinez-Tellez ,&nbsp;Huiwen Xu ,&nbsp;Lourdes Ortiz-Alvarez ,&nbsp;Carmen Rodríguez-García ,&nbsp;Milena Schönke ,&nbsp;Lucas Jurado-Fasoli ,&nbsp;Francisco J. Osuna-Prieto ,&nbsp;Juan M.A. Alcantara ,&nbsp;Francisco M. Acosta ,&nbsp;Francisco J. Amaro-Gahete ,&nbsp;Gert Folkerts ,&nbsp;Ramiro Vilchez-Vargas ,&nbsp;Alexander Link ,&nbsp;Julio Plaza-Diaz ,&nbsp;Angel Gil ,&nbsp;Idoia Labayen ,&nbsp;Sonia Fernandez-Veledo ,&nbsp;Patrick C.N. Rensen ,&nbsp;Jonatan R. Ruiz","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.04.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.04.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Numerous physiological responses to exercise are observed in humans, yet the effects of long-term exercise and varying intensities on the diversity and composition of human fecal microbiota remain unclear. We investigated the effect of a 24-week supervised concurrent exercise intervention, at moderate and vigorous intensities, on fecal microbiota diversity and composition in young adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This ancillary study was based on data from the ACTIBATE randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02365129), and included adults (aged 18–25 years, 70 % female) that were randomized to (i) a control group (CON: no exercise, n = 20), (ii) a moderate-intensity exercise group (MOD-EX, n = 21), and (iii) a vigorous-intensity exercise group (VIG-EX, n = 20). Fecal samples were collected before and after the 24-week exercise intervention, and the diversity and composition of the fecal microbiota were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Inferential functional profiling of the fecal microbiota was performed and correlations between microbial changes and cardiometabolic outcomes were assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Exercise did not modify beta or alpha diversities regardless of the intensity (all P ≥ 0.062). The relative abundance of the <em>Erysipelotrichaceae</em> family (<em>Bacillota</em> phylum) (−0.3 ± 1.2 %; P = 0.031) was however reduced in the VIG-EX group. <em>Coprococcus</em> was the only genus showed a significant difference between MOD-EX and VIG-EX after the intervention, with its relative abundance increasing in MOD-EX (+0.4 ± 0.6 %; P = 0.005). None of these changes were related to the exercise-induced cardiometabolic benefits (all P ≥ 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In young adults, a 24-week supervised concurrent exercise program, at moderate and vigorous intensities, resulted in minor changes in fecal microbiota composition, while neither alpha nor beta diversities were affected.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical trial registration</h3><div>ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02365129.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 128-137"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143868553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the editor–“Emerging EAT-Lancet planetary health diet is associated with major cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality: A global systematic review and meta-analysis”","authors":"Jieyu Liu,&nbsp;Qingqing Shen,&nbsp;Xinxin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.04.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.04.013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 50-51"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding unintentional weight loss: How the right questions make a difference","authors":"Jos W. Borkent ,&nbsp;Barbara S. van der Meij ,&nbsp;Marian A.E. de van der Schueren","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.04.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/aims</h3><div>Malnutrition screening tools often include questions about unintentional weight loss (UWL). It is unclear whether individuals who intentionally desire to lose weight or perceive themselves as overweight interpret questions regarding UWL accurately. We assessed potential misclassification of UWL-related questions in these groups.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Data from the Lifelines cohort was used (ñ125.000, age &gt;18 years). Prevalence ratios (PRs) were calculated with a simple question regarding UWL as the dependent variable and the desire to lose weight and perception of one's body weight (too heavy vs. just right/too light) as separate independent variables. Associations were stratified by body mass index (BMI) group (normal weight vs. overweight/obesity) and adjusted for various comorbidities, demographics, and quality of life.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of participants with normal weight, 30.3 % desired to lose weight, 37.9 % perceived their body weight as too heavy and 5.1 % reported UWL; this was 80.1 %, 92.7 % and 2.7 % for those with overweight/obesity. In both BMI groups, the prevalence of UWL was ∼60 % lower in participants who desired to lose weight or perceived themselves as too heavy (prevalence ratios 0.40–0.43, p-value &lt;0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Since there is no logical basis for the desire to lose weight or one's perception of body weight to prevent UWL, lower reported prevalence rates on UWL-related questions are likely the result of misinterpretation. Malnutrition screening tools that include questions regarding UWL might underestimate the prevalence rates of malnutrition in higher BMIs, as individuals in these groups often aspire to lose weight or perceive themselves as too heavy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 98-101"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143848485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synbiotics protected radiation-induced tissue damage in rectal cancer patients: A controlled trial","authors":"Christina Stene ,&nbsp;Jie Xu ,&nbsp;Sérgio Fallone de Andrade ,&nbsp;Ingrid Palmquist ,&nbsp;Göran Molin ,&nbsp;Siv Ahrné ,&nbsp;Henrik Thorlacius ,&nbsp;Louis B. Johnson ,&nbsp;Bengt Jeppsson","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.03.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.03.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background &amp; aims</h3><div>Colorectal cancer (CRC), particularly rectal cancer, often requires neoadjuvant radiotherapy (RT) as part of its treatment plan. Although effective, RT can cause significant gastrointestinal side effects. Because the onset of RT-induced tissue injury can be anticipated, there is an opportunity to apply preventive measures before the damage occurs. This study aimed to assess whether prebiotic and synbiotic interventions could mitigate RT-induced gut injury by modulating the mucosa-associated microbiota, reducing inflammation, and enhancing gut barrier function in patients undergoing RT for rectal cancer.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Thirty patients with rectal adenocarcinoma scheduled for preoperative short-term RT (5 × 5 Gy) were divided into three groups: a control group (Ctrl), a prebiotic group (Fiber) receiving oat bran, and a synbiotic group (Synbiotics) receiving oat bran with <em>L. plantarum</em> HEAL19 and blueberry husks. The study products were administered daily for two weeks, starting one week before RT. Blood, faecal, and biopsy samples were collected before and after RT to evaluate inflammatory markers, intestinal permeability, histopathological changes, and mucosa-associated microbiota.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The Fiber and Synbiotics groups exhibited a significant reduction in white blood cell counts following RT (p = 0.01 for both), whereas the Ctrl group did not demonstrate a significant change. However, there was no significant difference in the magnitude of change in white blood cell counts among the three groups (p = 0.12). Histopathological analysis revealed that the Synbiotics group had reduced inflammation and fibrosis compared to the Fiber and Ctrl groups. Although RT reduced bacterial diversity overall, the Synbiotics group preserved a greater proportion of bacterial species, experiencing only a 25.1 % reduction compared to a 55.4 % reduction in the Fiber group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Synbiotic interventions may protect rectal mucosa by reducing inflammation and modulating mucosa-associated microbiota. The effects were primarily localized to the tissue, reflecting the short-term duration of treatment. While immediate benefits were observed, longer-term interventions should be explored to reduce systemic inflammation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 33-41"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fish and sea products consumption and allergic rhinitis: A multicenter case–control study","authors":"Carlos Regueira ,&nbsp;Narmeen Mallah ,&nbsp;Jurgita Saulyte ,&nbsp;Francisco-Javier González-Barcala ,&nbsp;Bahi Takkouche","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The association of allergic diseases with the intake of fish-derived proteins and fatty acids remains unclear, with studies showing divergent results. We aimed to examine the association of those nutrients with the occurrence of allergic rhinitis (AR).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A multicenter case–control study was conducted with 411 AR cases and 477 controls. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) of AR and their 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using multivariate logistic regression models. Stratified analyses by fish type and macronutrient were undertaken.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Blue fish consumption, except tuna, is associated with an important decrease in the odds of AR (1 serving/week: OR = 0.46; 95%CI: 0.27–0.80; 2 servings/week: OR = 0.30; 95%CI: 0.17–0.54; 3–4 servings/week: OR = 0.38; 95%CI: 0.20–0.68). Conversely, compared to no intake, white fish consumption is associated with higher odds of AR (3 servings/week: OR = 5.49; 95%CI: 3.27–9.24).</div><div>A high n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) ratio is associated with higher odds of AR (OR = 1.79; 95%CI: 1.03–3.13 for the highest intake level compared to the lowest). High intake of n-3 PUFAs is associated with substantially lower odds of AR ranging between 46 % and 58 % (stearidonic acid OR = 0.42; 95%CI: 0.24–0.74; eicosapentaenoic acid OR = 0.45; 95%CI: 0.25–0.80; and docosapentaenoic acid OR = 0.54; 95%CI: 0.31–0.96).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A high intake of blue fish, except tuna, is associated with lower odds of AR while that of white fish has an opposite association with the disease occurrence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 42-49"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between triglyceride-glucose related indices and severe infection requiring hospital admission or resulting in mortality among individuals with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease","authors":"Ming Zhao ,&nbsp;Chenyu Liang ,&nbsp;Jiayi Huang ,&nbsp;Luojia Dai ,&nbsp;Haili Wang ,&nbsp;Xin Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuzhen Zhao ,&nbsp;Chengnan Guo ,&nbsp;Zhenqiu Liu ,&nbsp;Tiejun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.04.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><div>Despite increasing evidence linking triglyceride-glucose (TyG) related indices with metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes, the associations with severe infection in individuals with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) remain unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed data from a large population-based cohort, which included participants who were diagnosed with MASLD and enrolled in 2016 and 2017, with follow-up until December 2022. Severe infections were defined as those requiring hospital admission or resulting in mortality. Multivariate Cox and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression models were used to evaluate the associations between TyG-related indices and severe infection among participants with MASLD. Additionally, we examined these associations within subgroups defined by age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and hyperlipidemia.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the 11,782 eligible participants with MASLD (mean age 57.02 years; 34.36 % male), a total of 898 (7.62 %) severe infections occurred during the median follow-up of 5.71 years. The multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that high levels of TyG (HR = 1.175, 95%CI = 1.049–1.315), TyG-BMI (HR = 1.004, 95%CI = 1.001–1.006), and TyG-WC (HR = 1.002, 95%CI = 1.001–1.003) indices were significantly associated with the severe infection in patients with MASLD. The RCS curves showed positive linear correlations between three TyG-related indices with severe infection in MASLD. Subgroup analyses showed these associations were more pronounced among MASLD patients without obesity. Additionally, incorporating TyG-related indices into the basic model considerably improved the predictive ability for severe infection.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study indicated that a high TyG-related indices are associated with an increased risk of severe infection in MASLD patients. TyG-related indices would be the surrogate biomarkers for the follow-up of the MASLD population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143823208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Omega-3 and conjugated fatty acids impact on human microbiota modulation using an in vitro fecal fermentation model","authors":"Ana Sofia Salsinha ,&nbsp;Helena Araújo-Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Cindy Dias ,&nbsp;André Cima ,&nbsp;Luís Miguel Rodríguez-Alcalá ,&nbsp;João B. Relvas ,&nbsp;Manuela Pintado","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.04.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background &amp; aims</h3><div>Gut microbiota has been gaining increasing attention and its important role in the maintenance of a general good health condition is already established. The potential of gut microbiota modulation through diet is an important research focus to be considered. Lipids, as omega-3 fatty acids, are well known for their beneficial role on organs and corresponding diseases. However, their impact on gut microbiota is still poorly defined, and studies on the role of other polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as conjugated linoleic and linolenic acids, are even scarcer.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>By using an <em>in vitro</em> human fermentation model, we assessed the effect of omega-3, CLA isomers, and punicic acid on microbiota modulation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fish oil, Omega-3, and CLA samples positively impact <em>Akkermansia</em> spp. and <em>Bifidobacterium</em> spp. growth. Moreover, all the samples supported <em>Roseburia</em> spp. growth after 24 h of fermentation and, importantly, they were able to maintain the Firmicutes: Bacteroidetes ratio near 1. All the bioactive fatty acid samples, except Pomegranate oil, were able to significantly increase butyrate levels compared to those found in the positive control (FOS) sample. Moreover, Fish oil and Omega-3 samples were able to increase the concentration of GABA, alanine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, and leucine between 12 and 24 h of fermentation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The impact of the assessed polyunsaturated fatty acids in gut microbiota has been observed in its impact on key bacteria (<em>Akkermansia</em>, <em>Bifidobacterium,</em> and <em>Roseburia</em>) as well as their metabolic byproducts, including butyrate and amino acids, which could potentially play a role in modulating the gut-brain axis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 102-117"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}