Yingjun Mu , Zijian Gu , Qingyao Wang , Xudong Wang , Jiayao Zhu , Junyao Huang , Qiaoliang Huang , Hui Zuo
{"title":"Plasma kynurenine pathway metabolites in association with diabetes: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Yingjun Mu , Zijian Gu , Qingyao Wang , Xudong Wang , Jiayao Zhu , Junyao Huang , Qiaoliang Huang , Hui Zuo","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Abnormalities of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan catabolism have been linked with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the association between kynurenine pathway metabolism and diabetes remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a secondary analysis of the baseline data of 796 adults from the Prospective Follow-up Study on Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality in China (PFS-CMMC). Plasma kynurenine pathway metabolites, including tryptophan, kynurenine, kynurenic acid (KA), 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), anthranilic acid (AA), 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA), xanthurenic acid (XA), 2-ketoadipic acid (2-KAA), and nicotinamide, were measured by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Unconditional logistic regression analyses were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and their 95 % confidence intervals (CIs).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After adjustment for all confounders, three metabolites were positively associated with increased odds of diabetes. The OR (95 % CI) for the highest compared with the lowest quartile was 2.07 (1.16, 3.78) for 3-HAA, 3.56 (1.93, 6.83) for 2-KAA, and 1.82 (1.01, 3.35) for nicotinamide (all <em>P</em> trend <0.05). In contrast, participants in the fourth quartile of tryptophan levels had reduced odds of diabetes when compared to those in the first quartile (OR: 0.39, 95 % CI: 0.21, 0.72; <em>P</em> trend = 0.007). No significant associations were observed for plasma kynurenine, KA, 3-HK, AA, or XA.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Increased plasma 3-HAA, 2-KAA, and nicotinamide were associated with higher odds of diabetes, whereas higher levels of tryptophan were associated with lower odds of diabetes in the community-dwelling population. Our findings suggest that the kynurenine pathway metabolites may be involved in the pathophysiology of diabetes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"51 ","pages":"Pages 342-348"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144611881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicola Veronese , Vincenza Gianfredi , Marco Solmi , Mario Barbagallo , Ligia J. Dominguez , Caterina Mandalà , Carla Di Palermo , Luca Carruba , Luisa Solimando , Brendon Stubbs , Alberto Castagna , Stefania Maggi , Michela Zanetti , Nasser Al-Daghri , Shaun Sabico , Daniele Nucci , Corentin Gosling , Luigi Fontana
{"title":"The impact of dietary fiber consumption on human health: An umbrella review of evidence from 17,155,277 individuals","authors":"Nicola Veronese , Vincenza Gianfredi , Marco Solmi , Mario Barbagallo , Ligia J. Dominguez , Caterina Mandalà , Carla Di Palermo , Luca Carruba , Luisa Solimando , Brendon Stubbs , Alberto Castagna , Stefania Maggi , Michela Zanetti , Nasser Al-Daghri , Shaun Sabico , Daniele Nucci , Corentin Gosling , Luigi Fontana","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.06.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.06.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Dietary fiber plays a crucial role in disease prevention through multiple protective mechanisms. While previous reviews have examined its health effects, recent advances necessitate an updated synthesis of the evidence.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This umbrella review systematically evaluates meta-analyses of observational studies to assess the strength and credibility of associations, and the quality of evidence linking dietary fiber intake to diverse health outcomes, providing a comprehensive assessment of these associations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We updated our previous umbrella review by searching major databases (October 21, 2017–December 1, 2024) for meta-analyses on dietary fiber and health outcomes. Methodological quality was assessed using AMSTAR-2 (A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews), and evidence credibility was classified based on predefined criteria, accounting for heterogeneity (I<sup>2</sup>), small-study effects, and excess significance bias.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirty-three meta-analyses covering 38 health outcomes and 17,155,277 individuals were included. Of these, 29 (76 %) reported significant inverse associations (p < 0.05) between higher fiber intake and disease risk. Convincing evidence (Class I) was identified for cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, pancreatic cancer, and diverticular disease. Highly suggestive evidence (Class II) supported associations with all-cause mortality, CVD, coronary heart disease and ovarian cancer. Suggestive evidence (Class III) was observed for 16 outcomes, while six outcomes (16 %) exhibited weak evidence (Class IV). Quality assessment indicated that six meta-analyses were of high methodological quality, while others had some methodological limitations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Higher dietary fiber intake is associated with lower risk of multiple chronic diseases, particularly CVD mortality, pancreatic cancer, and diverticular disease. Despite these benefits, intake remains below recommended levels worldwide. Public health strategies should promote fiber-rich diets, and future research should further elucidate the role of specific fiber types in disease prevention.</div></div><div><h3>Systematic review registration</h3><div><span><span>https://osf.io/37tyc/</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"51 ","pages":"Pages 325-333"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144596977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carola Mayer , Merle Ebinghaus , Marvin Petersen , Felix L. Nägele , Maximilian Schell , Bastian Cheng , Märit Jensen , Nils Schumacher , Sanjula D. Singh , Jonathan Rosand , Elina L. Petersen , Raphael Twerenbold , Felix Alexander Neumann , Bettina Jagemann , Götz Thomalla , Birgit-Christiane Zyriax
{"title":"Exploring the relationship between dietary factors and structural brain alterations in a partial least squares correlation analysis","authors":"Carola Mayer , Merle Ebinghaus , Marvin Petersen , Felix L. Nägele , Maximilian Schell , Bastian Cheng , Märit Jensen , Nils Schumacher , Sanjula D. Singh , Jonathan Rosand , Elina L. Petersen , Raphael Twerenbold , Felix Alexander Neumann , Bettina Jagemann , Götz Thomalla , Birgit-Christiane Zyriax","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background & aims</h3><div>While nutritional behavior has been shown to affect cognitive health, data is lacking on the association between nutrition and structural brain alterations. We aimed to investigate whether specific food items, commonly found in dietary patterns that are considered healthy, are associated with preserved brain structure.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Utilizing data from a prospective, cross-sectional, population-based cohort study, we applied a partial least squares correlation (PLS) analysis to identify multivariate associative effects between two data modalities: a) imaging parameters derived from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of global brain micro- and macrostructure; and b) items of validated dietary patterns (Mediterranean diet, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet) assessed with a food frequency questionnaire. We controlled for confounding factors by regressing out effects of age, sex, education, and cardiovascular risk factors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 2,652 participants were included in the statistical analysis. The PLS revealed one significant latent variable explaining 64 % of the shared variance between dietary items and brain imaging markers. Specifically, the latent variable corresponded with a covariance pattern relating higher consumption of vegetables, fruits, whole grains and dairies and a lower consumption of cheese with preserved brain structure, indicated by an increased microstructural integrity, higher cortical thickness and lower white matter hyperintensity volume.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Across all dietary patterns, vegetables and fruits were the food groups with consistent associations with preserved brain structure, indicating the importance of these foods for neurological health. The MIND diet as the dietary pattern with neurological focus showed the highest number of items associated with brain structure. To reach conclusions on causality, longitudinal analyses should be included in future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"52 ","pages":"Pages 8-16"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144653702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yao Dong , Yihui Cai , Hairui Tian , Jian Wen , Mei Han , Yan Tan , Kang Zou
{"title":"The impact of Bifidobacterium breve BBr60 (BBr60) on metabolic and gastrointestinal health in healthy adults: A combined in vitro metabolomic and randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","authors":"Yao Dong , Yihui Cai , Hairui Tian , Jian Wen , Mei Han , Yan Tan , Kang Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study aims to evaluate the physiological and psychological health impacts of <em>Bifidobacterium breve</em> BBr60 (BBr60) on healthy adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study was divided into preclinical research and a clinical trial phase. In the preclinical study, the bioactive components of BBr60 were analyzed through LC-MS targeted metabolomics. In the clinical trial, 109 healthy adults aged 19–45 were recruited to participate in an 8-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either a BBr60 supplement (10<sup>10</sup> CFU/day) or a placebo (maltodextrin). Throughout the study, liver function, metabolic markers, cardiovascular and body composition metrics were assessed. Volunteer scores on the Alcohol Dependence Scale (ADS), Nepean Dyspepsia Index (NDI), Gastrointestinal Symptom Scale (GIS), and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) were recorded, and the impact on the intestinal microbiota structure and function of healthy participants was analyzed through 16S rRNA sequencing.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The preclinical study indicated the role of BBr60 in modulating key metabolic pathways, including those involved in ABC transporters, arginine, proline, and tryptophan metabolism. Clinical trial results demonstrated significant improvements in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and reductions in total cholesterol with BBr60 supplementation. Gastrointestinal symptoms and emotional states also improved, with significant reductions in ADS scores (<em>p</em> = 0.000), particularly in symptoms related to alcohol consumption such as post-drinking memory loss and tremulous delirium. Additionally, significant enhancements in gastrointestinal health were observed, as indicated by a notable decrease in NDI scores (<em>p</em> = 0.002), suggesting reduced impact of stomach issues on daily life. GIS scores further confirmed improvements in gastrointestinal function, particularly in early satiety and appetite. While overall emotional changes were not significant, positive emotional scores increased post-intervention, and negative emotional scores decreased. The probiotic demonstrated good safety and tolerability throughout the 8-week trial period.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Supplementation with BBr60 not only significantly alleviated neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with alcohol consumption but also showed potential benefits in enhancing gastrointestinal and metabolic health. These findings support further research into BBr60 as a potential non-pharmacological intervention to improve both psychological and physiological health.</div><div><strong>Trial Registration Number</strong>: NCT06196892 (<span><span>ClinicalTrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"51 ","pages":"Pages 349-361"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144611880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kristin I. Folven , Randi J. Tangvik , Roy M. Nilsen , Anne Marie Beck , Kari Sygnestveit , Eli Skeie , Øystein Hetlevik , Eva Biringer
{"title":"Patient characteristics associated with the provision of nutritional support to older hospitalised patients at risk of malnutrition: A cohort study","authors":"Kristin I. Folven , Randi J. Tangvik , Roy M. Nilsen , Anne Marie Beck , Kari Sygnestveit , Eli Skeie , Øystein Hetlevik , Eva Biringer","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.07.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><div>There is a need for knowledge about the factors affecting nutritional support to hospitalised older patients at risk of malnutrition. We aimed to investigate whether patient characteristics are associated with the likelihood of hospitalised older patients at risk of malnutrition receiving nutritional support.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study included 3188 hospital stays among 2739 individual somatic patients aged ≥65 years who were at risk of malnutrition according to the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002). Information on the risk of malnutrition, nutritional support (menu modification, oral nutritional supplements and enteral or parenteral nutrition) and dietitian involvement was collected from in-hospital point prevalence surveys between 2008 and 2018. Information on age, sex, diagnoses and type of hospitalisation was retrieved from the electronic patient administration systems. We applied logistic and multinomial regression models to investigate associations of patient characteristics (age, sex, number of diagnoses, BMI, type of hospitalisation and nutritional risk screening score) with the likelihoods of receiving any nutritional support and specific types of nutritional support.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Nutritional support was provided in 56 % and planned in 9 % of hospital stays. Dietitians were involved in 7 % of hospital stays, and 21 % of patients at risk of malnutrition had diagnoses related to malnutrition. Older patients were less likely to have received any nutritional support as compared to the patients 65–69 years old (adjusted OR range: 0.69–0.84). Patients classified as underweight were more likely (adjusted OR (95%CI): 1.77 (1.44, 2.17)) and patients in the overweight and obese categories were less likely (adjusted OR (95%CI): 0.70 (0.57, 0.87) and 0.70 (0.52, 0.94), respectively) to receive nutritional support. The OR for receiving nutritional support substantially increased with increasing NRS 2002 score (adjusted OR range: 1.79–4.20).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study showed that over one-third of older patients at risk of malnutrition did not receive nutritional support in hospital and that older patients with more diagnoses, those classified as underweight, and those with higher NRS 2002 scores were more frequently provided nutritional support. The findings suggest that healthcare professionals’ decisions regarding whether to provide nutritional support to older patients at risk of malnutrition to a large extent are affected by patient characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"51 ","pages":"Pages 334-341"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144605960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Determinants of bone mineral density in healthy term-born children at age 6 months and 3 years","authors":"D.J. Dorrepaal , I.A.L.P. van Beijsterveldt , E.H.H.M. Rings , A.C.S. Hokken-Koelega","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background & aims</h3><div>The first 6 months of life are a critical window for adiposity programming, which could potentially also be true for bone mineral density (BMD) development. It is, however, currently unknown which determinants associate with BMD during early childhood. Our objective was to assess which determinants associate with BMD at 6 months and 3 years of age, with focus on growth during the first 6 months of life and macronutrient intake.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In 428 healthy term-born infants, aged 6 months and 3 years, we measured anthropometrics, BMD total body less head (BMD<sub>TBLH</sub>) and body composition by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and collected feeding characteristics by questionnaires. At age 3 months, macronutrient intake was measured in formula-fed and exclusively breastfed infants using a Human Milk Analyzer. At age 3 years, feeding diaries were analyzed regarding macronutrients and vitamin D intake. Associations of BMD<sub>TBLH</sub> standard deviation score (SDS) with child characteristics, growth and macronutrient intake were investigated with regression analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Reference values for BMD<sub>TBLH</sub> at age 6 months were constructed. Weight SDS, lean body mass (LBM) and fat mass (FM) associated positively with BMD<sub>TBLH</sub> SDS at age 6 months. The same variables associated positively with BMD<sub>TBLH</sub> SDS at age 3 years, with also length SDS. Protein intake at age 3 months associated positively with BMD<sub>TBLH</sub> SDS at age 6 months, and fat intake at 3 years inversely with BMD<sub>TBLH</sub> SDS at 3 years.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Lean body mass is the most important determinant of BMD<sub>TBLH</sub> SDS at age 6 months and 3 years. Higher protein intake at age 3 months and lower fat intake at age 3 years associate with higher BMD<sub>TBLH</sub> SDS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"51 ","pages":"Pages 304-313"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144589163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maggie Wang , Yijia Zhang , Meghan Angley , Ka Kahe
{"title":"A review of the implications of maternal monosodium glutamate consumption on offspring health","authors":"Maggie Wang , Yijia Zhang , Meghan Angley , Ka Kahe","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.06.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.06.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><div>Monosodium glutamate (MSG), a globally used food additive for over a century, is considered generally safe. Although inconsistent, many animal studies have shown that MSG is associated with multiple health conditions, necessitating a closer examination of its potential health impact, especially on fetal development. Human data on MSG's effects on offspring during pregnancy are lacking. This review examines existing literature to assess the impact of maternal MSG consumption on offspring health.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic literature search of human and animal studies was conducted using PubMed and Web of Science, resulting in 14 animal studies and no eligible human studies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Included studies highlighted potential weight fluctuations, alterations in skeletal and liver development, obesity, and neurological alterations in offspring. MSG may cross the placenta to exert direct effects on the developing fetus, while potentially inducing physiological changes in pregnant women that secondarily influence offspring. The possible mechanisms underlying the observed offspring's outcomes include neurotransmitter disruption, which can lead to neurological implications. Additionally, MSG may promote oxidative stress, potentially contributing to liver toxicity and obesity. MSG's interference with hormones, such as progesterone and ghrelin may impair fetal growth and skeletal development, while altering leptin and adipsin pathways may predispose offspring to obesity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Current evidence from human studies is lacking. Animal models can help elucidate biological mechanisms, but they may not fully capture human physiology. Future prospective cohort studies with rigorous MSG assessment are needed to clarify the impact of maternal MSG intake on the health of human offspring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"51 ","pages":"Pages 314-324"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144597062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hilal Salim Said Al Shamsi , Samantha L. Gardener , Hamid R. Sohrabi , Kevin Taddei , Colin L. Masters , Stephanie R. Rainey-Smith , Ralph N. Martins , W.M.A.D.B. Fernando
{"title":"The moderating effect of dietary patterns on the association of depression and anxiety with cognitive function","authors":"Hilal Salim Said Al Shamsi , Samantha L. Gardener , Hamid R. Sohrabi , Kevin Taddei , Colin L. Masters , Stephanie R. Rainey-Smith , Ralph N. Martins , W.M.A.D.B. Fernando","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.06.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.06.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><div>Investigating modifiable risk factors, such as diet, is crucial in understanding their effects on the relationship between Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-related cognitive decline and related conditions. This study assesses whether dietary patterns moderate the relationship between symptoms of depression, anxiety, and cognitive function in older adults. Given that biological and psychosocial differences between sexes may influence dietary behaviours, mental health symptoms, and cognitive outcomes, conducting sex-stratified analyses will allow for identification of differential associations.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Cross-sectional data from cognitively unimpaired older adults (<em>n</em> = 1174, age ≥60 years) from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) study were included. Participants completed the Cancer Council of Victoria food frequency questionnaire, provided depression and anxiety symptom data, and underwent neuropsychological testing. Composite scores for six cognitive domains were generated from individual test scores (episodic recall, recognition, executive function, language, attention processing, and the AIBL Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite (PACC)). Dietary pattern scores were calculated for the Mediterranean diet (MeDi), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and Western diet. Moderation analysis explored interactions between dietary patterns, depression, anxiety, and cognitive performance.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The MeDi was found to moderate the relationship between depressive symptoms and attention processing in males, where low to moderate MeDi adherence was linked to poorer attention with higher depressive symptoms. The Western diet moderated the relationship between anxiety and the AIBL PACC score in males, with high adherence to the Western diet associated with worse PACC performance in those with greater anxiety. No significant moderating effects were observed in females for the MeDi and Western diet, or in either sex for the DASH diet on the association of depression and anxiety with cognitive function.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings also emphasise the importance of sex-specific approaches in research on symptoms of depression and anxiety, cognitive health, and diet. Our results highlight the need for further investigation into sex-specific pathways using longitudinal study designs and randomised controlled trials to establish causal relationships.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"51 ","pages":"Pages 278-286"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144572417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rita Ghosh , Pinpin Sui , Danielle Fritze , Sarahi Fernandez , Audrie Torres , Jillian Woodworth , Francisco G. Cigarroa , Glenn A. Halff , Addanki P. Kumar
{"title":"Characterization of metabolomic associated with pancreatic cancer patients with overweight and obesity","authors":"Rita Ghosh , Pinpin Sui , Danielle Fritze , Sarahi Fernandez , Audrie Torres , Jillian Woodworth , Francisco G. Cigarroa , Glenn A. Halff , Addanki P. Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.06.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.06.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><div>The near equal incidence and mortality rates of pancreatic cancer, combined with projections that by 2050 pancreatic cancer will be the second-most fatal cancer, underscore the need to identify patients with early disease and thus interrupt this trajectory. Obesity, weight gain and waistline have been implicated in increasing the risk of pancreatic cancer. Factors such as inflammation, insulin resistance, and changes in intestinal microbiome have been suggested to be involved in obesity. Although metabolomic analyses of pancreatic cancer patients have established correlations between phospholipids, lysophospholipids with treatment outcomes, the association between metabolites, obesity, and pancreatic cancer remains largely understudied. We hypothesized that global metabolomic profile of obese and overweight pancreatic cancer patients will be different compared with healthy weight subjects with no cancer.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Global metabolic profiles were determined in obese and overweight pancreatic cancer patients compared with healthy weight subjects using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Analysis of the data using the Benjamini & Hochberg method to control the false discovery rate revealed statistically significant changes in branched chain amino acids, lipid metabolites including monoacyl glycerol, and fructose in overweight/obese pancreatic cancer patients relative to healthy weight.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our findings suggest that metabolomic pathways as potential targets for high-risk pancreatic cancer patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"51 ","pages":"Pages 240-251"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144549036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}