Clinical nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Time-restricted eating improves appetite regulation and sleep characteristics in adults with poor sleep quality","authors":"Annette Beaumont ,&nbsp;Rut Farías ,&nbsp;Wladimir Fernandez ,&nbsp;Catalina Lizama ,&nbsp;Joselyn González ,&nbsp;Alejandro Villar ,&nbsp;Krista A. Varady ,&nbsp;Patricio Peirano ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Chamorro","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.04.028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.04.028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background &amp; aims</h3><div>Time-restricted eating (TRE), a type of intermittent fasting (IF), appears to improve metabolic health in adults but shows inconsistent effects on appetite and sleep regulation, with less data on adults with poor sleep. Our study evaluated the impact of TRE on appetite and nighttime sleep in individuals with normal-weight and inadequate sleep.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A randomized controlled trial involved 30 young (age: 25.7 ± 5.6 years; 21F), normal-weight (body mass index (BMI): 23.0 ± 1.8 kg/m²) adults with poor sleep (&lt;7 h/night or poor quality). Participants were randomized to two groups for 8 weeks: i) control group (CON), maintaining usual eating habits (CON, n = 16) or ii) time-restricted eating group (TRE), following a self-selected 10-h eating window (mandatory fasting from 23:00 to 06:00) for 8 weeks with no dietary changes (TRE, n = 14). Appetite, satiety, and craving for food were assessed using Visual Analog Scales (VAS) and the Food Craving Inventory-SP (FCI-SP), respectively. Sleep duration and quality were evaluated by using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and 7-day actigraphic recordings.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The TRE group reported higher satiety and fullness feeling together with a lower capacity to eat compared to CON (p &lt; 0.038), while overall craving scores showed no between-group differences (p = 0.381). Sleep duration did not differ between groups, whereas several sleep characteristics improved. After TRE intervention, actigraphic assessments revealed an earlier sleep onset and later wake-up time (both p &lt; 0.001) and fewer movements during sleep (p &lt; 0.025).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>An 8-week, 10-h TRE protocol positively affects appetite regulation and sleep characteristics in normal-weight young adults with insufficient or poor sleep. TRE appears promising for addressing appetite regulation and sleep disturbances in this group.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration</h3><div><span><span>ClinicalTrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> (NCT06485037).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"50 ","pages":"Pages 66-74"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bidirectional associations of zinc supplement intake with biological ageing interacted by metabolic equivalent of task: A large-scale population-based Biobank study","authors":"Yang Zhou ,&nbsp;Jiayan Zhou ,&nbsp;Zhao Li ,&nbsp;Jingyi Wang ,&nbsp;Hongzheng Li ,&nbsp;Xiangjun Yin ,&nbsp;Jialiang Gao ,&nbsp;Ying Wu ,&nbsp;Jinlin Li ,&nbsp;Ya Xuan Sun ,&nbsp;Yige Li ,&nbsp;Weiguang Wang ,&nbsp;Pinar O. Eser ,&nbsp;Themistocles L. Assimes ,&nbsp;Jie He ,&nbsp;Guang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.04.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.04.029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The association of zinc intake with biological ageing and whether physical exercise modifies this association remain uncertain. We aimed to explore the correlations between zinc intake and biological ageing and to evaluate the modifying effect of physical exercise.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were extracted from 68,947 participants in the Biobank. Daily zinc intake and biological age were calculated using standard equations, and physical exercise was measured by the metabolic equivalent of task (MET) per week. Generalized linear regression models, adjusted for confounding factors, were employed to explore the associations between zinc intake and biological ageing. Pre-specified subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to identify effect modification of MET and to validate the robustness of findings, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The regression models revealed that zinc intake with recommended dose was associated with 0.13-year delayed biological age [95 % Confidence Interval (CI) = −0.21 to −0.05], while an excessive intake of zinc (&gt;40 mg per day) was associated with 3.23-year biological age acceleration (95 % CI = 0.18 to 6.28). Participants adhering to the recommended zinc intake combined with sufficient physical exercise (&gt;600 MET per week) demonstrated a 31 % lower likelihood of experiencing accelerated biological ageing compared to those with inadequate zinc intake and insufficient physical exercise (Odds Ratio = 0.69, 95 % CI = 0.66 to 0.74, p &lt; 0.001). Subgroup analyses indicated that the association between zinc intake and delayed biological ageing was more pronounced in the low-income population with an annual household income before tax of less than £30,999 (P-interaction &lt;0.001). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these results.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A recommended dose of zinc intake is associated with delayed biological ageing, with physical exercise exceeding 600 MET per week enhancing this association. Conversely, excessive zinc intake is linked to accelerated biological ageing. We suggest that people take daily zinc supplements with caution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"50 ","pages":"Pages 1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143936359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new anthropometry-based muscle quality index predicts adverse outcomes in hospitalized patients","authors":"Camila Ferri Burgel ,&nbsp;Isadora Martins Freitas ,&nbsp;Bruna Zardo Oliveira de Carvalho ,&nbsp;Jarson P. Costa-Pereira ,&nbsp;Ana Paula Trussardi Fayh ,&nbsp;Flávia Moraes Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.04.030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.04.030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Muscle quality index (MQI) is computed as the ratio of strength to muscle mass (MM), estimating functional muscle quality. Imaging methods are used to assess MM and compute the MQI, being challenging for use in clinical practice. Anthropometry has become an alternative marker of MM that can be used within MQI, although few studies have explored this approach.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the prognostic value of mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC cm), corrected arm muscle area (AMA cm²), and calf circumference adjusted for body mass index (CC-BMI adjusted cm) as markers of MM within MQI in predicting adverse outcomes in hospitalized patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A secondary analysis was conducted on a cohort with prospective data collection. Adult and older hospitalized patients were evaluated up to 48 h after hospitalization. MQI was calculated as the ratio of handgrip strength (HGS) to MM evaluated by MAMC (MQI_MAMC), MAM (MQI_MAM), and CC-BMI adjusted (MQI_CC-BMI). The outcomes of interest were prolonged hospital stay, in-hospital and 6-month mortality. Logistic and Cox regression analyses adjusted for Charlson comorbidity index, ethnicity, surgery, and sex were performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>554 patients were included (55.2 ± 14.9 years, 52.9 % of males, 518 had MACM and MAM available). Each one-unit MQI increase reduced the risk by 32 %, 44 %, and 33 % in prolonged hospitalization for MQI_MAMC (RR = 0.68, 95 % CI 0.52–0.90), MQI_AMA (RR = 0.56, 95 % CI 0.35–0.89), and MQI_CC-BMI (RR = 0.67, 95 % CI 0.46–0.96). A higher MQI_CC-BMI was an independent predictor of a lower risk of 6-month mortality after discharge (RR = 0.26, 95 % CI 0.08–0.84).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Higher MQI values using anthropometric markers (MAMC, AMA, and CC-BMI) were inversely associated with adverse in-hospital and 6-month after-discharge outcomes, reinforcing its use as a muscle-related prognostic index.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"50 ","pages":"Pages 48-56"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between early-life famine exposure and cognitive function trajectories from midlife to late-life: The mediating role of depressive symptoms","authors":"Hao He ,&nbsp;Fangfei Li ,&nbsp;Zhuoqi Zhu ,&nbsp;Yunfei Liao ,&nbsp;Han Li ,&nbsp;Yunfeng Zou ,&nbsp;Yang Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.04.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.04.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The long-term effects of early famine exposure on cognitive function remain understudied. This study examined the association between famine exposure and 10-year trajectories of cognitive function, and also assessed the mediating role of depressive symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We included 2434 participants from waves 1–5 of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), with complete baseline data and at least three cognitive assessments. Famine exposure data were obtained from the 2000 China Census, and its severity was determined using the pre-famine Cohort Size Shrinkage Index. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify distinct 10-year cognitive function trajectories, and logistic regression was used to estimate the association between famine exposure and trajectory membership. The mediating effect of depressive symptoms was assessed using the Karlson–Holm–Breen method.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the 2434 participants, two global cognitive function trajectories were identified: persistently low (<em>n</em> = 743, 30.5 %) and persistently high (<em>n</em> = 1691, 69.5 %). Similar patterns were found across cognitive dimensions, including orientation, memory, computation, and drawing. In the fully adjusted model, moderate famine exposure was associated with an increased risk of a persistently low global cognition trajectory [odds ratio (OR) = 1.37, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.04–1.82], and severe famine exposure showed a similar trend (OR = 1.57, 95 % CI: 0.97–2.56). Moreover, both moderate (OR = 1.67, 95 % CI: 1.28–2.15) and severe (OR = 1.61, 95 % CI: 1.01–2.54) famine exposures were linked to a heightened risk of a persistently low trajectory for computation, while severe famine exposure was additionally associated with a persistently low trajectory for orientation (OR = 1.90, 95 % CI: 1.15–3.14). Moderate famine exposure, however, was not associated with a persistently low trajectory for orientation (OR = 0.98, 95 % CI: 0.71–1.36). Additionally, while depressive symptoms did not mediate the associations between moderate famine and any cognitive trajectories, they partially mediated the associations between severe famine and global, computation, and orientation trajectories by 20.07 %, 11.76 %, and 10.38 %, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our study identified two distinct cognitive function trajectories, with both moderate and severe famine exposure being linked to persistently low trajectories. Furthermore, depressive symptoms partially mediated the association between severe famine exposure and cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"50 ","pages":"Pages 20-28"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Six weeks of time-restricted eating improves basal fat oxidation and body composition but not fat oxidation during exercise in young males","authors":"Hale Aktaş ,&nbsp;Muhammed M. Atakan ,&nbsp;Selin Aktitiz ,&nbsp;Zeynep Ergün ,&nbsp;Şükran N. Koşar ,&nbsp;Todd A. Astorino ,&nbsp;Hüseyin H. Turnagöl","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.04.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.04.022","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background &amp; aims&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Time-restricted eating (TRE) is a type of intermittent fasting, requiring individuals to limit their eating timeframe to specific hours in the day, while maintaining a fasting period greater than 12 h. Fat oxidation (FOx) is a critical determinant in the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases, with impaired FOx contributing to conditions such as insulin resistance and obesity, whereas enhanced FOx is associated with improved metabolic health. However, the impact of the 16:8 TRE model on FOx remains largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a 6-week TRE on resting and exercise substrate oxidation, body composition, and blood markers related to metabolic health.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Thirty-three healthy, young males (age: 27.5 ± 6 years, body mass: 76.5 ± 8.4 kg, maximal oxygen uptake [&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mover&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;˙&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mover&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;max]: 43.9 ± 6.6 mL·kg&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;·min&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;) were assigned to either TRE (&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; = 16) or control group (&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; = 17), with efforts to match baseline characteristics, including &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mover&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;˙&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mover&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;max and body composition. The TRE group followed a 16:8 program for 6 weeks, while controls maintained their existing dietary habits. Body composition, blood glucose, insulin, blood lipids, resting substrate oxidation, and FOx during cycling at 40 % &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mover&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;˙&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mover&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;max were assessed before and after the 6-week period. Data were analyzed using both intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol approaches.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Thirty-three participants were included in the ITT analysis, while 31 participants were included in the per-protocol analysis. Compared to baseline, results showed a significant difference (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05) between TRE and control groups in body mass (TRE &lt;em&gt;versus&lt;/em&gt; control) (Δ = −2.8 kg &lt;em&gt;versus&lt;/em&gt; Δ = 0.7 kg), fat mass (Δ = −1.4 kg &lt;em&gt;versus&lt;/em&gt; Δ = 0.4 kg), percent body fat (−1.7 % &lt;em&gt;versus&lt;/em&gt; 0.4 %), lean mass (Δ = −1.4 kg &lt;em&gt;versus&lt;/em&gt; Δ = 0.3 kg), and visceral adipose tissue mass (Δ = −39.7 g &lt;em&gt;versus&lt;/em&gt; Δ = 46.4 g). There was a significant difference between TRE and control groups in resting respiratory exchange ratio (RER, Δ = −0.02 &lt;em&gt;versus&lt;/em&gt; Δ = 0.02; &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.016), FOx (Δ = 0.33 mg·kg FFM&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;·min&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;em&gt;versus&lt;/em&gt; Δ = −0.37 mg·kg FFM&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;·min&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;; &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.007), and carbohydrate oxidation (Δ = −0.39 mg·kg FFM&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;·min&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;em&gt;versus&lt;/em&gt; Δ = 0.45 mg·kg FFM&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;·min&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;; &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.037) after the 6-week period. Exercise substrate oxidation and fasting blood glucose, insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol did not significantly change over time in eith","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"50 ","pages":"Pages 92-103"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144072056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary intake remains unchanged while nutritional status improves in children and adults with cystic fibrosis on Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor","authors":"R. Enaud ,&nbsp;J. Languepin ,&nbsp;M. Lagarrigue ,&nbsp;A. Arrouy ,&nbsp;J. Macey ,&nbsp;S. Bui ,&nbsp;M. Dupuis ,&nbsp;L. Roditis ,&nbsp;C. Flumian ,&nbsp;E. Mas ,&nbsp;M. Mittaine","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.04.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.04.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder involving multi-organ dysfunction, with nutritional status playing a crucial role in disease progression. Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) modulator therapy, particularly the combination Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor (ETI), has shown numerous clinical benefits, including significant improvements in nutritional status. However, the factors driving this nutritional improvement, especially the potential role of increased dietary intake, remain underexplored. This study aimed to assess changes in nutritional status and dietary intake in patients with CF (pwCF) treated with ETI.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>62 pwCF (36 children, 26 adults) were analyzed in a prospective, realworld, multicenter study (<span><span>https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06072365</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>). Dietary intakes were assessed via 3-day food diaries collected at baseline (M0) and one year after ETI treatment initiation (M12).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Over the first year of ETI treatment, Body Mass Index (BMI) significantly increased with a median BMI Z-score gain of 0.2 (IQR: 0.7) for children and median BMI gain of 1.0 kg/m² (IQR: 1.8) for adults. Notably, these gains occurred without a significant increase in median daily caloric intake (2216 kcal (IQR: 750) at M0 vs. 2266 (IQR: 733) kcal at M12). Pancreatic enzyme requirements and calprotectin decreased significantly with ETI (p &lt; 0.001 and p &lt; 0.01, respectively), indicating improved pancreatic function and intestinal inflammation in some patients. Seven patients became overweight after one year of ETI.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>ETI therapy enhances nutritional status in pwCF, independently of increased caloric intake. Further research is essential to refine dietary recommendations under ETI treatment, aiming to prevent overweight and obesity while optimizing health outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"50 ","pages":"Pages 76-82"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143948991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of fasting and caloric restriction on rheumatoid arthritis in humans: A narrative review","authors":"Bérénice Hansen ,&nbsp;Marta Sánchez-Castro ,&nbsp;Lynn Schintgen ,&nbsp;Arefeh Khakdan ,&nbsp;Jochen G. Schneider ,&nbsp;Paul Wilmes","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.04.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.04.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease affecting approximately 1 % of the global population. It is characterized by swollen and painful joints eventually evolving into bone erosion, cartilage degradation and systemic inflammation, that significantly reduce patients’ quality of life. While modern pharmacological treatments often lead to symptom improvement, they are also accompanied by substantial side effects, which can further impair patient wellbeing.</div><div>Dietary interventions, particularly fasting and caloric restriction (CR), have gained increasing attention as adjunctive strategies for RA prevention and treatment. Their anti-inflammatory potential and ability to modulate the gut microbiome render them an attractive option to accompany or modify medical treatment. However, high-quality research on fasting and CR interventions in humans with RA remains limited, and the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood.</div><div>The present narrative review reflects our current knowledge regarding fasting and CR, emphasising their impact on clinical outcomes, potential underlying mechanism and the sustainability of their effects. Evidence suggests that fasting and CR may lead to short-term improvements in RA disease activity, including reductions in inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). However, their long-term efficacy remains uncertain due to the limited duration of most studies. Future research should focus on identifying optimal fasting and CR protocols and their feasibility in long-term disease management, along with investigating patient adherence and potential risks associated with fasting interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 178-186"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143903633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential framework of the Global Leadership Initiative in Sarcopenia (GLIS) criteria based on muscle mass and/or strength for predicting survival in cancer patients: A nationwide multicenter cohort study","authors":"Zhenyu Huo ,&nbsp;Feifei Chong ,&nbsp;Siyu Luo ,&nbsp;Na Li ,&nbsp;Ning Tong ,&nbsp;Zongliang Lu ,&nbsp;Jing Guo ,&nbsp;Ling Zhang ,&nbsp;Xin Lin ,&nbsp;Mengyuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongmei Zhang ,&nbsp;Muli Shi ,&nbsp;Xiumei He ,&nbsp;Jie Liu ,&nbsp;Chunhua Song ,&nbsp;Hanping Shi ,&nbsp;Hongxia Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.04.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.04.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The Global Leadership Initiative on Sarcopenia (GLIS) was proposed recently by creating a widely recognized conceptual definition of sarcopenia, however, the diagnostic framework of GLIS in cancer patients remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the potential framework of GLIS based on muscle mass and/or strength in cancer patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We performed a multicenter cohort study spanning from November 2012 to May 2020. Potential covariates were identified through univariate and multivariate analyses. The association between low muscle mass (LMM) and/or low muscle strength (LMS) with survival was estimated using Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox models. LMM was identified by lean mass index (LMI) or calf circumference (CC) while LMS was identified by hand grip strength (HGS).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 6471 cancer patients were included, with a median follow-up of 50.0 months. Both LMM-LMI or LMS (HR = 1.56; 95%CI: 1.42, 1.71; p &lt; 0.001) and LMM-LMI plus LMS (HR = 2.01; 95%CI: 1.65, 2.44; p &lt; 0.001) were associated with a lower overall survival (OS) compared with patients without sarcopenia. Similarly, both LMM-CC or LMS group (HR = 1.51; 95%CI: 1.37, 1.67; p &lt; 0.001) and LMM-CC plus LMS group (HR = 1.45; 95%CI: 1.28, 1.63; p &lt; 0.001) were associated with a lower OS. Age, alcohol, Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS2002) score, Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score, Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) stage, cancer category, albumin, direct bilirubin, anticancer therapy plus sex were introduced as covariates in fully-adjusted Cox model. Multivariable-adjusted Cox models revealed that LMM-LMI or LMS was an independent prognosis factor for cancer patients (HR = 1.18; 95%CI: 1.07, 1.31; p = 0.001). LMM-LMI plus LMS also was an independent predictor for survival among cancer patients (HR = 1.58; 95 % CI: 1.30, 1.94; p &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The potential framework of GLIS based on muscle mass and/or strength was associated with survival in Chinese cancer patients. This research provides a simplified, clinically outcome-driven potential framework of sarcopenia, and offers new insights for the development of an operational definition of GLIS in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 187-201"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional profile of the diet according to circadian clock genes in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) chronodiet study","authors":"Esther Molina-Montes ,&nbsp;Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco ,&nbsp;Ángela Alcalá-Santiago ,&nbsp;José María Gálvez-Navas ,&nbsp;José María Huerta ,&nbsp;Pilar Amiano ,&nbsp;Cristina Lasheras ,&nbsp;Conchi Moreno-Iribas ,&nbsp;Ana Jimenez-Zabala ,&nbsp;María-Dolores Chirlaque ,&nbsp;Alba Gasque ,&nbsp;Leila Luján-Barroso ,&nbsp;Antonio Agudo ,&nbsp;Paula Jakszyn ,&nbsp;José Ramón Quirós ,&nbsp;María José Sánchez","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.04.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.04.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background &amp; aims</h3><div>Circadian rhythms seem to impact both dietary intake and metabolism, depending on the individual's chronotype. We aimed to explore whether the nutritional composition of meals throughout the day is influenced by genetics linked to the circadian clock and chronotype within the “European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) chronodiet” study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study population comprised 3,183 subjects with information on diet and twelve genetic variants of six genes (<em>PER1, PER2, PER3, CRY1, NR1D1, CLOCK</em>). The associations between the variants with chrononutrition variables (macronutrients and serving sizes of each meal) were evaluated using linear regression, considering an additive genetic model, and adjusting for sex, age and center, among others. The β coefficients, 95 % confidence intervals (CI), and p-values corrected for multiple comparisons were estimated. A genetic risk score (GRS) that was associated to the evening/late chronotype as well as overweight/obesity in a previous study, the chronotype-GRS, was tested for its association with chrononutrition variables.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The nutritional profile of the diet differed according to the individual's chronotype, with evening/late chronotypes exhibiting an unbalanced intake during breakfast and dinner compared to the intermediate and early chronotypes (e.g., percentage of fats consumed at breakfast relative to the total fat intake: 13 % and 9 %, respectively). However, significant differences were not encountered by the chronotype-GRS. In multivariate analyses, individual associations between the genetic variants and the nutrients revealed some nominal associations (e.g., rs1801260 and rs2070062 with carbohydrates at breakfast: β = −0.06 to 0.08). Higher scorings of the chronotype-GRS were inversely associated with the intake of proteins and carbohydrates (β = −0.46 and −0.41; nominal p-value&lt;0.006; corrected = 0.25) during breakfast. Also, there was an inverse association between the chronotype-GRS and the breakfast's portion size (β = −0.3; nominal p-value = 0.03; corrected = 0.1).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Genetic susceptibility to an evening-like chronotype prone to overweight/obesity seems to be associated with a smaller serving size during breakfast, with lower protein and carbohydrate content.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 165-177"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143903917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical outcomes in Crohn's disease patients with short bowel syndrome on home parenteral nutrition are comparable to those with short bowel syndrome from other etiologies","authors":"Alexa N. Sasson ,&nbsp;Jessica Noelting ,&nbsp;Katherine J.P. Schwenger ,&nbsp;Yasaman Ghorbani ,&nbsp;David Armstrong ,&nbsp;Maitreyi Raman ,&nbsp;Donald R. Duerksen ,&nbsp;Scott Whittaker ,&nbsp;Yidan Lu ,&nbsp;Brian Jurewitsch ,&nbsp;Leah Gramlich ,&nbsp;Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan ,&nbsp;Johane P. Allard","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.04.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2025.04.015","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background &amp; aims&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) and chronic intestinal failure require home parenteral nutrition (PN) support. The main cause of SBS remains Crohn's disease (CD), and complications in this cohort versus SBS from other etiologies remains to be determined. We therefore sought to investigate whether patients with SBS secondary to CD versus SBS secondary to other etiologies, have increased risk of complications and whether there is a difference in overall mortality between groups.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This is a multicentre prospective cohort study using the Canadian Home Parenteral Nutrition (HPN) Registry. Two groups were compared: 1) SBS secondary to CD (SBS-CD) vs. 2) SBS- secondary to other etiologies (SBS-Other) (including trauma, surgical complication, vascular event, volvulus and malignancy). Clinical data for each patient included: number of hospitalizations, number of hospitalizations related to HPN and number of hospitalization days related to HPN, incidence of line sepsis per 1000 catheter days and mortality. Descriptive statistics are presented as median (interquartile range) for continuous variables and as frequency (percentage) for categorical variables as appropriate. Comparison between groups were performed using a 2-sample t-test,Poisson regression analysis or Wilcoxon rank sum test for continuous variables and Chi-square or Fisher exact tests when appropriate for categorical variables. Kaplan-Meir curve and multivariate analysis was performed to assess mortality. Statistical significance is set at a p-value &lt;0.05.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The study included 383 patients with SBS and intestinal failure: 172 (45 %) SBS-CD and 211 (55 %) SBS-Other; followed for median of 4 (2, 6) years and 2 (2, 4) years respectively (p = 0.027). The groups were comparable at baseline except for younger age, shorter small bowel length and medications with higher use of immunosuppressant therapy (39 % vs. 7 %, p &lt; 0.001) in those with CD. The number of hospitalizations, hospitalization days, and line sepsis per 1000 catheter days were similar amongst the SBS- CD and SBS-Other (p &gt; 0.05 across all primary outcomes). Mortality events were also similar between groups (31 patients (26.72 %) in SBS CD group vs. 37 patients (29.84 %) in SBS- Other group, p = 0.6676). The Kaplan-Meir curve did not show a statistical difference in mortality between groups but a multivariate analysis of the entire patient population showed that age was associated with mortality. In subgroup analysis, patients with SBS- CD taking immunosuppressant therapy were not at higher risk of hospitalizations or line sepsis compared to those not on immunomodulating therapies (0.50 versus 1.57 p = 0.0417).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Individuals with SBS CD do not have increased risk of hospitalizations, central line infections or mortality compared to those with SBS from other causes. In CD, th","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"49 ","pages":"Pages 149-156"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143887176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}