饮食模式对抑郁、焦虑与认知功能关系的调节作用

IF 7.4 2区医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Clinical nutrition Pub Date : 2025-06-27 DOI:10.1016/j.clnu.2025.06.013

Hilal Salim Said Al Shamsi , Samantha L. Gardener , Hamid R. Sohrabi , Kevin Taddei , Colin L. Masters , Stephanie R. Rainey-Smith , Ralph N. Martins , W.M.A.D.B. Fernando

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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景和目的研究可改变的危险因素，如饮食，对于了解它们对阿尔茨海默病（AD）相关认知能力下降和相关疾病之间关系的影响至关重要。本研究评估饮食模式是否能缓和老年人抑郁、焦虑和认知功能之间的关系。鉴于两性之间的生理和社会心理差异可能影响饮食行为、心理健康症状和认知结果，进行性别分层分析将有助于确定差异关联。方法纳入来自澳大利亚影像、生物标志物和生活方式（AIBL）研究的无认知障碍老年人（n = 1174，年龄≥60岁）的横断面数据。参与者完成了维多利亚癌症委员会的食物频率问卷，提供了抑郁和焦虑症状数据，并进行了神经心理学测试。六个认知领域的综合得分来自于个体测试分数（情景回忆、识别、执行功能、语言、注意力处理和AIBL临床前阿尔茨海默认知综合（PACC））。计算地中海饮食（MeDi）、预防高血压的饮食方法（DASH）和西方饮食的饮食模式评分。适度分析探讨了饮食模式、抑郁、焦虑和认知表现之间的相互作用。结果发现MeDi在男性抑郁症状和注意加工之间起到缓和作用，低至中度的MeDi依从性与较差的注意力和较高的抑郁症状有关。西方饮食缓和了焦虑与男性AIBL PACC评分之间的关系，高度坚持西方饮食与焦虑程度较高的男性PACC评分较差相关。在女性中，没有观察到中西饮食的显著调节作用，也没有观察到任何性别的DASH饮食对抑郁和焦虑与认知功能的关系的调节作用。结论这些发现也强调了性别特异性方法在抑郁和焦虑症状、认知健康和饮食研究中的重要性。我们的研究结果强调了进一步研究性别特异性途径的必要性，需要使用纵向研究设计和随机对照试验来建立因果关系。

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The moderating effect of dietary patterns on the association of depression and anxiety with cognitive function

Background and aims

Investigating modifiable risk factors, such as diet, is crucial in understanding their effects on the relationship between Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-related cognitive decline and related conditions. This study assesses whether dietary patterns moderate the relationship between symptoms of depression, anxiety, and cognitive function in older adults. Given that biological and psychosocial differences between sexes may influence dietary behaviours, mental health symptoms, and cognitive outcomes, conducting sex-stratified analyses will allow for identification of differential associations.

Method

Cross-sectional data from cognitively unimpaired older adults (n = 1174, age ≥60 years) from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) study were included. Participants completed the Cancer Council of Victoria food frequency questionnaire, provided depression and anxiety symptom data, and underwent neuropsychological testing. Composite scores for six cognitive domains were generated from individual test scores (episodic recall, recognition, executive function, language, attention processing, and the AIBL Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite (PACC)). Dietary pattern scores were calculated for the Mediterranean diet (MeDi), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and Western diet. Moderation analysis explored interactions between dietary patterns, depression, anxiety, and cognitive performance.

Results

The MeDi was found to moderate the relationship between depressive symptoms and attention processing in males, where low to moderate MeDi adherence was linked to poorer attention with higher depressive symptoms. The Western diet moderated the relationship between anxiety and the AIBL PACC score in males, with high adherence to the Western diet associated with worse PACC performance in those with greater anxiety. No significant moderating effects were observed in females for the MeDi and Western diet, or in either sex for the DASH diet on the association of depression and anxiety with cognitive function.

Conclusion

These findings also emphasise the importance of sex-specific approaches in research on symptoms of depression and anxiety, cognitive health, and diet. Our results highlight the need for further investigation into sex-specific pathways using longitudinal study designs and randomised controlled trials to establish causal relationships.

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来源期刊

Clinical nutrition 医学-营养学

CiteScore

14.10

自引率

6.30%

发文量

356

审稿时长

28 days

期刊介绍： Clinical Nutrition, the official journal of ESPEN, The European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, is an international journal providing essential scientific information on nutritional and metabolic care and the relationship between nutrition and disease both in the setting of basic science and clinical practice. Published bi-monthly, each issue combines original articles and reviews providing an invaluable reference for any specialist concerned with these fields.