Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology最新文献

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Schwann Cell Development and Myelination 许旺细胞的发育和髓鞘化
IF 7.2 2区 生物学
Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology Pub Date : 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041360
James Salzer, M. Laura Feltri, Claire Jacob
{"title":"Schwann Cell Development and Myelination","authors":"James Salzer, M. Laura Feltri, Claire Jacob","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a041360","url":null,"abstract":"Glial cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which arise from the neural crest, include axon-associated Schwann cells (SCs) in nerves, synapse-associated SCs at the neuromuscular junction, enteric glia, perikaryon-associated satellite cells in ganglia, and boundary cap cells at the border between the central nervous system (CNS) and the PNS. Here, we focus on axon-associated SCs. These SCs progress through a series of formative stages, which culminate in the generation of myelinating SCs that wrap large-caliber axons and of nonmyelinating (Remak) SCs that enclose multiple, small-caliber axons. In this work, we describe SC development, extrinsic signals from the axon and extracellular matrix (ECM) and the intracellular signaling pathways they activate that regulate SC development, and the morphogenesis and organization of myelinating SCs and the myelin sheath. We review the impact of SCs on the biology and integrity of axons and their emerging role in regulating peripheral nerve architecture. Finally, we explain how transcription and epigenetic factors control and fine-tune SC development and myelination.","PeriodicalId":10494,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140165551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How Important Is Variation in Extrinsic Reproductive Isolation to the Process of Speciation? 外在生殖隔离的变异对物种演化过程有多重要?
IF 7.2 2区 生物学
Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology Pub Date : 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041430
Linyi Zhang, Etsuko Nonaka, Megan Higgie, Scott Egan
{"title":"How Important Is Variation in Extrinsic Reproductive Isolation to the Process of Speciation?","authors":"Linyi Zhang, Etsuko Nonaka, Megan Higgie, Scott Egan","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a041430","url":null,"abstract":"The strength of reproductive isolation (RI) between two or more lineages during the process of speciation can vary by the ecological conditions. However, most speciation research has been limited to studying how ecologically dependent RI varies among a handful of broadly categorized environments. Very few studies consider the variability of RI and its effects on speciation at finer scales—that is, within each environment due to spatial or temporal environmental heterogeneity. Such variation in RI across time and/or space may inhibit speciation through leaky reproductive barriers or promote speciation by facilitating reinforcement. To investigate this overlooked aspect of speciation research, we conducted a literature review of existing studies of variation in RI in the field and then conducted individual-based simulations to examine how variation in hybrid fitness across time and space affects the degree of gene flow. Our simulations indicate that the presence of variation in hybrid fitness across space and time often leads to an increase in gene flow compared to scenarios where hybrid fitness remains static. This observation can be attributed to the convex relationship between the degree of gene flow and the strength of selection on hybrids. Our simulations also show that the effect of variation in RI on facilitating gene flow is most pronounced when RI, on average, is relatively low. This finding suggests that it could serve as an important mechanism to explain why the completion of speciation is often challenging. While direct empirical evidence documenting variation in extrinsic RI is limited, we contend that it is a prevalent yet underexplored phenomenon. We support this argument by proposing common scenarios in which RI is likely to exhibit variability and thus influence the process of speciation.","PeriodicalId":10494,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140165453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Negative Coupling: The Coincidence of Premating Isolating Barriers Can Reduce Reproductive Isolation 负耦合:预产期隔离障碍的巧合可以减少生殖隔离
IF 7.2 2区 生物学
Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology Pub Date : 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041435
Thomas G. Aubier, Michael Kopp, Isaac J. Linn, Oscar Puebla, Marina Rafajlović, Maria R. Servedio
{"title":"Negative Coupling: The Coincidence of Premating Isolating Barriers Can Reduce Reproductive Isolation","authors":"Thomas G. Aubier, Michael Kopp, Isaac J. Linn, Oscar Puebla, Marina Rafajlović, Maria R. Servedio","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a041435","url":null,"abstract":"Speciation can be mediated by a variety of reproductive barriers, and the interaction among different barriers has often been shown to enhance overall reproductive isolation, a process referred to as “coupling.” Here, we analyze a population genetics model to study the establishment of linkage disequilibrium (LD) among loci involved in multiple premating barriers, an aspect that has received little theoretical attention to date. We consider a simple genetic framework underlying two distinct premating barriers, each encoded by a preference locus and its associated mating trait locus. We show that their interaction can lead to a decrease in overall reproductive isolation relative to a situation with a single barrier, a process we call “negative coupling.” More specifically, in our model, negative coupling results either from sexual selection that reduces divergence at all loci, or from reduced LD that occurs because the presence of many females with “mismatched” preferences causes the mating success of recombinant males to become high. Interestingly, the latter effect may even cause LD among preference loci to become negative when recombination rates among loci are low. We conclude that coincident reproductive barriers may not necessarily reinforce each other, and that the underlying loci may not necessarily develop a positive association.","PeriodicalId":10494,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology","volume":"156 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140165428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Combining Molecular, Macroevolutionary, and Macroecological Perspectives on the Generation of Diversity 结合分子、宏观进化和宏观生态学视角看多样性的产生
IF 7.2 2区 生物学
Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology Pub Date : 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041453
Lindell Bromham
{"title":"Combining Molecular, Macroevolutionary, and Macroecological Perspectives on the Generation of Diversity","authors":"Lindell Bromham","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a041453","url":null,"abstract":"Charles Darwin presented a unified process of diversification driven by the gradual accumulation of heritable variation. The growth in DNA databases and the increase in genomic sequencing, combined with advances in molecular phylogenetic analyses, gives us an opportunity to realize Darwin's vision, connecting the generation of variation to the diversification of lineages. The rate of molecular evolution is correlated with the rate of diversification across animals and plants, but the relationship between genome change and speciation is complex: Mutation rates evolve in response to life history and niche; substitution rates are influenced by mutation, selection, and population size; rates of acquisition of reproductive isolation vary between populations; and traits, niches, and distribution can influence diversification rates. The connection between mutation rate and diversification rate is one part of the complex and varied story of speciation, which has theoretical importance for understanding the generation of biodiversity and also practical impacts on the use of DNA to understand the dynamics of speciation over macroevolutionary timescales.","PeriodicalId":10494,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140165712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Role of Hybridization in Species Formation and Persistence. 杂交在物种形成和持续存在中的作用。
IF 7.2 2区 生物学
Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041445
Joshua V Peñalba, Anna Runemark, Joana I Meier, Pooja Singh, Guinevere O U Wogan, Rosa Sánchez-Guillén, James Mallet, Sina J Rometsch, Mitra Menon, Ole Seehausen, Jonna Kulmuni, Ricardo J Pereira
{"title":"The Role of Hybridization in Species Formation and Persistence.","authors":"Joshua V Peñalba, Anna Runemark, Joana I Meier, Pooja Singh, Guinevere O U Wogan, Rosa Sánchez-Guillén, James Mallet, Sina J Rometsch, Mitra Menon, Ole Seehausen, Jonna Kulmuni, Ricardo J Pereira","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a041445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hybridization, or interbreeding between different taxa, was traditionally considered to be rare and to have a largely detrimental impact on biodiversity, sometimes leading to the breakdown of reproductive isolation and even to the reversal of speciation. However, modern genomic and analytical methods have shown that hybridization is common in some of the most diverse clades across the tree of life, sometimes leading to rapid increase of phenotypic variability, to introgression of adaptive alleles, to the formation of hybrid species, and even to entire species radiations. In this review, we identify consensus among diverse research programs to show how the field has progressed. Hybridization is a multifaceted evolutionary process that can strongly influence species formation and facilitate adaptation and persistence of species in a rapidly changing world. Progress on testing this hypothesis will require cooperation among different subdisciplines.</p>","PeriodicalId":10494,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140027592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Characterizing Large-Scale Human Circuit Development with In Vivo Neuroimaging 用体内神经成像技术表征大规模人体电路发育过程
IF 7.2 2区 生物学
Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041496
Tomoki Arichi
{"title":"Characterizing Large-Scale Human Circuit Development with In Vivo Neuroimaging","authors":"Tomoki Arichi","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a041496","url":null,"abstract":"Large-scale coordinated patterns of neural activity are crucial for the integration of information in the human brain and to enable complex and flexible human behavior across the life span. Through recent advances in noninvasive functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) methods, it is now possible to study this activity and how it emerges in the living fetal brain across the second half of human gestation. This work has demonstrated that functional activity in the fetal brain has several features in keeping with highly organized networks of activity, which are undergoing a highly programmed and rapid sequence of development before birth, in which long-range connections emerge and core features of the mature functional connectome (such as hub regions and a gradient organization) are established. In this review, the findings of these studies are summarized, their relationship to the known changes in developmental neurobiology is considered, and considerations for future work in the context of limitations to the fMRI approach are presented.","PeriodicalId":10494,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology","volume":"2012 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140025263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Microglia in Health and Diseases: Integrative Hubs of the Central Nervous System (CNS) 健康与疾病中的小胶质细胞:中枢神经系统 (CNS) 的综合枢纽
IF 7.2 2区 生物学
Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041366
Amanda Sierra, Veronique E. Miron, Rosa C. Paolicelli, Richard M. Ransohoff
{"title":"Microglia in Health and Diseases: Integrative Hubs of the Central Nervous System (CNS)","authors":"Amanda Sierra, Veronique E. Miron, Rosa C. Paolicelli, Richard M. Ransohoff","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a041366","url":null,"abstract":"Microglia are usually referred to as “the innate immune cells of the brain,” “the resident macrophages of the central nervous system” (CNS), or “CNS parenchymal macrophages.” These labels allude to their inherent immune function, related to their macrophage lineage. However, beyond their classic innate immune responses, microglia also play physiological roles crucial for proper brain development and maintenance of adult brain homeostasis. Microglia sense both external and local stimuli through a variety of surface receptors. Thus, they might serve as integrative hubs at the interface between the external environment and the CNS, able to decode, filter, and buffer cues from outside, with the aim of preserving and maintaining brain homeostasis. In this perspective, we will cast a critical look at how these multiple microglial functions are acquired and coordinated, and we will speculate on their impact on human brain physiology and pathology.","PeriodicalId":10494,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140025264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Protein Design Using Structure-Prediction Networks: AlphaFold and RoseTTAFold as Protein Structure Foundation Models 利用结构预测网络进行蛋白质设计:作为蛋白质结构基础模型的 AlphaFold 和 RoseTTAFold
IF 7.2 2区 生物学
Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041472
Jue Wang, Joseph L. Watson, Sidney L. Lisanza
{"title":"Protein Design Using Structure-Prediction Networks: AlphaFold and RoseTTAFold as Protein Structure Foundation Models","authors":"Jue Wang, Joseph L. Watson, Sidney L. Lisanza","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a041472","url":null,"abstract":"Designing proteins with tailored structures and functions is a long-standing goal in bioengineering. Recently, deep learning advances have enabled protein structure prediction at near-experimental accuracy, which has catalyzed progress in protein design as well. We review recent studies that use structure-prediction neural networks to design proteins, via approaches such as activation maximization, inpainting, or denoising diffusion. These methods have led to major improvements over previous methods in wet-lab success rates for designing protein binders, metalloproteins, enzymes, and oligomeric assemblies. These results show that structure-prediction models are a powerful foundation for developing protein-design tools and suggest that continued improvement of their accuracy and generality will be key to unlocking the full potential of protein design.","PeriodicalId":10494,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140025268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Astrocyte: Metabolic Hub of the Brain 星形胶质细胞大脑的代谢枢纽
IF 7.2 2区 生物学
Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041355
L. Felipe Barros, Stefanie Schirmeier, Bruno Weber
{"title":"The Astrocyte: Metabolic Hub of the Brain","authors":"L. Felipe Barros, Stefanie Schirmeier, Bruno Weber","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a041355","url":null,"abstract":"Astrocytic metabolism has taken center stage. Interposed between the neuron and the vasculature, astrocytes exert control over the fluxes of energy and building blocks required for neuronal activity and plasticity. They are also key to local detoxification and waste recycling. Whereas neurons are metabolically rigid, astrocytes can switch between different metabolic profiles according to local demand and the nutritional state of the organism. Their metabolic state even seems to be instructive for peripheral nutrient mobilization and has been implicated in information processing and behavior. Here, we summarize recent progress in our understanding of astrocytic metabolism and its effects on metabolic homeostasis and cognition.","PeriodicalId":10494,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology","volume":"2012 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140025464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Building Representation Learning Models for Antibody Comprehension. 构建抗体理解的表征学习模型。
IF 7.2 2区 生物学
Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041462
Justin Barton, Aretas Gaspariunas, Jacob D Galson, Jinwoo Leem
{"title":"Building Representation Learning Models for Antibody Comprehension.","authors":"Justin Barton, Aretas Gaspariunas, Jacob D Galson, Jinwoo Leem","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041462","DOIUrl":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041462","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antibodies are versatile proteins with both the capacity to bind a broad range of targets and a proven track record as some of the most successful therapeutics. However, the development of novel antibody therapeutics is a lengthy and costly process. It is challenging to predict the functional and biophysical properties of antibodies from their amino acid sequence alone, requiring numerous experiments for full characterization. Machine learning, specifically deep representation learning, has emerged as a family of methods that can complement wet lab approaches and accelerate the overall discovery and engineering process. Here, we review advances in antibody sequence representation learning, and how this has improved antibody structure prediction and facilitated antibody optimization. We discuss challenges in the development and implementation of such models, such as the lack of publicly available, well-curated antibody function data and highlight opportunities for improvement. These and future advances in machine learning for antibody sequences have the potential to increase the success rate in developing new therapeutics, resulting in broader access to transformative medicines and improved patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10494,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10910360/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138444148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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