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Legumes and Linguistics: Translating Mendel for the Twenty-First Century. 豆科植物与语言学：为二十一世纪翻译孟德尔。
IF 6.9 2区 生物学
Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041811
Kersten Hall, Staffan Müller-Wille
{"title":"Legumes and Linguistics: Translating Mendel for the Twenty-First Century.","authors":"Kersten Hall, Staffan Müller-Wille","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041811","DOIUrl":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041811","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gregor Mendel's seminal publication, \"Versuche über Pflanzen-Hybriden\" (\"Experiments on Plant Hybrids\"), which appeared in 1866, is regarded as one of the founding documents of genetics and has therefore been translated several times. In 2016, with the support of the British Society for the History of Science (BSHS), we produced a new online translation of Mendel's paper, alongside a facsimile and transcription of the original German text and an extensive commentary that offered historical and linguistic insights into nearly every sentence. The translation and commentary were made available on the BSHS website and 4 years later were published as a book by Masaryk University Press. In this paper, we build on the introduction to our translation to reflect and include some important developments in the scholarship around Mendel that have taken place since the translation was first published.</p>","PeriodicalId":10494,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11610751/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142343017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Telomerase in Cancer Therapeutics. 癌症治疗中的端粒酶。
IF 6.9 2区 生物学
Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041703
Silvia Siteni, Anthony Grichuk, Jerry W Shay
{"title":"Telomerase in Cancer Therapeutics.","authors":"Silvia Siteni, Anthony Grichuk, Jerry W Shay","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041703","DOIUrl":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041703","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While silent in normal differentiated human tissues, telomerase is reactivated in most human cancers. Thus, telomerase is an almost universal oncology target. This update describes preclinical and clinical advancements using a variety of approaches to target telomerase. These include direct telomerase inhibitors, G-quadruplex DNA-interacting ligands, telomerase-based vaccine platforms, telomerase promoter-driven attenuated viruses, and telomerase-mediated telomere targeting approaches. While imetelstat has been recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), several other approaches are in late-stage clinical development. The pros and cons of the major approaches will be reviewed.</p>","PeriodicalId":10494,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11610755/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142343019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Significance of Mendelism for Evolutionary Theory: A Reassessment. 孟德尔主义对进化论的意义：重新评估。
IF 6.9 2区 生物学
Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology Pub Date : 2024-11-25 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041837
Samir Okasha
{"title":"The Significance of Mendelism for Evolutionary Theory: A Reassessment.","authors":"Samir Okasha","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a041837","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is well-known that the rediscovery of Mendelian genetics at the turn of twentieth century offered Darwin's theory a much-needed lifeline, by showing how Fleeming Jenkins' famous \"blending\" objection could be rebutted. However, Mendelism has another fortuitous consequence for evolutionary biology that is less widely appreciated. By bequeathing the notion of allelism to biology, Mendelism shows how two difficult conceptual issues for evolutionary theory can be resolved. The first issue concerns the notion of population. By definition, evolutionary change is change in the composition of a population, but what is the relevant definition of \"population\"? The second issue concerns Darwin's notion of \"struggle for existence.\" Is this struggle an essential part of evolution by natural selection or not? In a Mendelian population, these issues can be simply resolved, since the selective competition is at root between alleles at a locus, who are necessarily playing a zero-sum game, rather than between organisms, who may or may not be doing so.</p>","PeriodicalId":10494,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142715582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Astrocyte Calcium Signaling. 星形胶质细胞的钙信号转导
IF 6.9 2区 生物学
Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041353
Misha B Ahrens, Baljit S Khakh, Kira E Poskanzer
{"title":"Astrocyte Calcium Signaling.","authors":"Misha B Ahrens, Baljit S Khakh, Kira E Poskanzer","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041353","DOIUrl":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041353","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Astrocytes are predominant glial cells that tile the central nervous system and participate in well-established functional and morphological interactions with neurons, blood vessels, and other glia. These ubiquitous cells display rich intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling, which has now been studied for over 30 years. In this review, we provide a summary and perspective of recent progress concerning the study of astrocyte intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling as well as discussion of its potential functions. Progress has occurred in the areas of imaging, silencing, activating, and analyzing astrocyte Ca<sup>2+</sup> signals. These insights have collectively permitted exploration of the relationships of astrocyte Ca<sup>2+</sup> signals to neural circuit function and behavior in a variety of species. We summarize these aspects along with a framework for mechanistically interpreting behavioral studies to identify directly causal effects. We finish by providing a perspective on new avenues of research concerning astrocyte Ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling.</p>","PeriodicalId":10494,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11444304/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141070794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Synthesis and Scope of the Role of Postmating Prezygotic Isolation in Speciation. 交配后同种前隔离在物种形成中的作用的综合与范围。
IF 6.9 2区 生物学
Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041429
Martin D Garlovsky, Emma Whittington, Tomas Albrecht, Henry Arenas-Castro, Dean M Castillo, Graeme L Keais, Erica L Larson, Leonie C Moyle, Melissa Plakke, Radka Reifová, Rhonda R Snook, Murielle Ålund, Alexandra A-T Weber
{"title":"Synthesis and Scope of the Role of Postmating Prezygotic Isolation in Speciation.","authors":"Martin D Garlovsky, Emma Whittington, Tomas Albrecht, Henry Arenas-Castro, Dean M Castillo, Graeme L Keais, Erica L Larson, Leonie C Moyle, Melissa Plakke, Radka Reifová, Rhonda R Snook, Murielle Ålund, Alexandra A-T Weber","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041429","DOIUrl":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041429","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>How barriers to gene flow arise and are maintained are key questions in evolutionary biology. Speciation research has mainly focused on barriers that occur either before mating or after zygote formation. In comparison, postmating prezygotic (PMPZ) isolation-a barrier that acts after gamete release but before zygote formation-is less frequently investigated but may hold a unique role in generating biodiversity. Here we discuss the distinctive features of PMPZ isolation, including the primary drivers and molecular mechanisms underpinning PMPZ isolation. We then present the first comprehensive survey of PMPZ isolation research, revealing that it is a widespread form of prezygotic isolation across eukaryotes. The survey also exposes obstacles in studying PMPZ isolation, in part attributable to the challenges involved in directly measuring PMPZ isolation and uncovering its causal mechanisms. Finally, we identify outstanding knowledge gaps and provide recommendations for improving future research on PMPZ isolation. This will allow us to better understand the nature of this often-neglected reproductive barrier and its contribution to speciation.</p>","PeriodicalId":10494,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11444258/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139048452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Glia in Neurodegenerative Disease 神经退行性疾病中的胶质细胞
IF 7.2 2区 生物学
Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041375
Gerard Crowley, David Attwell, Hemali Phatnani, Harald Sontheimer, Soyon Hong
{"title":"Glia in Neurodegenerative Disease","authors":"Gerard Crowley, David Attwell, Hemali Phatnani, Harald Sontheimer, Soyon Hong","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a041375","url":null,"abstract":"It is becoming increasingly clear that the dominant, century-old neurocentric view of neurodegeneration is insufficient to explain why certain neurons degenerate, in particular with aging. Genetic studies in patient populations as well as mechanistic and functional studies in animal models altogether implicate nonneuronal cells, especially glia, to play more than bystander roles in neurodegeneration. Throughout the life span, neuronal function and homeostasis are modulated by glia, the functions of which become even more critical with aging. This review highlights key emerging concepts of the role of glia in neurodegeneration.","PeriodicalId":10494,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142253966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Glial Malignancies 胶质恶性肿瘤
IF 7.2 2区 生物学
Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041373
Suzanne J. Baker, Hui Zong, Michelle Monje
{"title":"Glial Malignancies","authors":"Suzanne J. Baker, Hui Zong, Michelle Monje","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a041373","url":null,"abstract":"Gliomas comprise a diverse spectrum of related tumor subtypes with varying biological and molecular features and clinical outcomes. Advances in detailed genetic and epigenetic characterizations along with an appreciation that subtypes associated with developmental origins, including brain location and patient age, have shifted glioma classification from the historical reliance on histopathological features to updated categories incorporating molecular signatures and spatiotemporal incidence. Within a subtype, individual gliomas show cellular heterogeneity, generally containing subpopulations resembling different types of normal glial and progenitor cells. In addition to tumor-autonomous mechanisms of aberrant growth regulation driven by genetic mutations and signaling between tumor cells, interactions with the tumor microenvironment, including neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursor cells, and the immune microenvironment play important roles in driving glioma growth and influencing response to treatment. The emerging understanding of the complex contributions of normal brain to glioma growth represents new opportunities for therapeutic advances.","PeriodicalId":10494,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142253968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Biology of Glia 胶质细胞生物学
IF 7.2 2区 生物学
Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041809
Beth Stevens, Kelly R. Monk, Marc R. Freeman
{"title":"The Biology of Glia","authors":"Beth Stevens, Kelly R. Monk, Marc R. Freeman","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a041809","url":null,"abstract":"Glial cells play critical roles in the nervous system. Rather than being passive support cells as long thought, they are highly active participants. Recent work has shed new light on their many functions, include regulation of synapse formation and function, control of neural circuits, and neuro-immune interactions. It is also shedding light on the part they play in neurodegenerative diseases and malignancies such as glioma, as well as the process of axonal regeneration and CNS repair.","PeriodicalId":10494,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142253967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Artificial Intelligence Learns Protein Prediction. 人工智能学习蛋白质预测。
IF 6.9 2区 生物学
Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041458
Michael Heinzinger, Burkhard Rost
{"title":"Artificial Intelligence Learns Protein Prediction.","authors":"Michael Heinzinger, Burkhard Rost","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041458","DOIUrl":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041458","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>From <i>AlphaGO</i> over <i>StableDiffusion</i> to <i>ChatGPT</i>, the recent decade of exponential advances in artificial intelligence (AI) has been altering life. In parallel, advances in computational biology are beginning to decode the language of life: <i>AlphaFold2</i> leaped forward in protein structure prediction, and protein language models (pLMs) replaced expertise and evolutionary information from multiple sequence alignments with information learned from reoccurring patterns in databases of billions of proteins without experimental annotations other than the amino acid sequences. None of those tools could have been developed 10 years ago; all will increase the wealth of experimental data and speed up the cycle from idea to proof. AI is affecting molecular and medical biology at giant steps, and the most important might be the leap toward more powerful protein design.</p>","PeriodicalId":10494,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11368192/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141300239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Ecology of Hybrid Incompatibilities. 杂交不相容的生态学。
IF 6.9 2区 生物学
Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041440
Ken A Thompson, Yaniv Brandvain, Jenn M Coughlan, Kira E Delmore, Hannah Justen, Catherine R Linnen, Daniel Ortiz-Barrientos, Catherine A Rushworth, Hilde Schneemann, Molly Schumer, Rike Stelkens
{"title":"The Ecology of Hybrid Incompatibilities.","authors":"Ken A Thompson, Yaniv Brandvain, Jenn M Coughlan, Kira E Delmore, Hannah Justen, Catherine R Linnen, Daniel Ortiz-Barrientos, Catherine A Rushworth, Hilde Schneemann, Molly Schumer, Rike Stelkens","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041440","DOIUrl":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041440","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ecologically mediated selection against hybrids, caused by hybrid phenotypes fitting poorly into available niches, is typically viewed as distinct from selection caused by epistatic Dobzhansky-Muller hybrid incompatibilities. Here, we show how selection against transgressive phenotypes in hybrids manifests as incompatibility. After outlining our logic, we summarize current approaches for studying ecology-based selection on hybrids. We then quantitatively review QTL-mapping studies and find traits differing between parent taxa are typically polygenic. Next, we describe how verbal models of selection on hybrids translate to phenotypic and genetic fitness landscapes, highlighting emerging approaches for detecting polygenic incompatibilities. Finally, in a synthesis of published data, we report that trait transgression-and thus possibly extrinsic hybrid incompatibility in hybrids-escalates with the phenotypic divergence between parents. We discuss conceptual implications and conclude that studying the ecological basis of hybrid incompatibility will facilitate new discoveries about mechanisms of speciation.</p>","PeriodicalId":10494,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11368197/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139048453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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