Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology最新文献_第10页

Remyelination in the Central Nervous System. 中枢神经系统的再髓鞘化

IF 7.2 2区生物学

Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041371

Robin J M Franklin, Benedetta Bodini, Steven A Goldman

{"title":"Remyelination in the Central Nervous System.","authors":"Robin J M Franklin, Benedetta Bodini, Steven A Goldman","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041371","DOIUrl":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041371","url":null,"abstract":"The inability of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) to undergo spontaneous regeneration has long been regarded as a central tenet of neurobiology. However, while this is largely true of the neuronal elements of the adult mammalian CNS, save for discrete populations of granule neurons, the same is not true of its glial elements. In particular, the loss of oligodendrocytes, which results in demyelination, triggers a spontaneous and often highly efficient regenerative response, remyelination, in which new oligodendrocytes are generated and myelin sheaths are restored to denuded axons. Yet remyelination in humans is not without limitation, and a variety of demyelinating conditions are associated with sustained and disabling myelin loss. In this work, we will (1) review the biology of remyelination, including the cells and signals involved; (2) describe when remyelination occurs and when and why it fails, including the consequences of its failure; and (3) discuss approaches for therapeutically enhancing remyelination in demyelinating diseases of both children and adults, both by stimulating endogenous oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and by transplanting these cells into demyelinated brain.","PeriodicalId":10494,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10910446/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139691425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Features, Fates, and Functions of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells. 少突胶质前体细胞的特征、命运和功能

IF 6.9 2区生物学

Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041425

Robert A Hill, Akiko Nishiyama, Ethan G Hughes

引用次数: 0

Agritech to Tame the Nitrogen Cycle. Agritech将驯服氮循环。

IF 7.2 2区生物学

Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041668

Lisa Y Stein

{"title":"Agritech to Tame the Nitrogen Cycle.","authors":"Lisa Y Stein","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041668","DOIUrl":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041668","url":null,"abstract":"While the Haber-Bosch process for N-fixation has enabled a steady food supply for half of humanity, substantial use of synthetic fertilizers has caused a radical unevenness in the global N-cycle. The resulting increases in nitrate production and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have contributed to eutrophication of both ground and surface waters, the growth of oxygen minimum zones in coastal regions, ozone depletion, and rising global temperatures. As stated by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, agriculture releases ∼9.3 Gt CO2 equivalents per year, of which methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) account for 5.3 Gt CO2 equivalents. N-pollution and slowing the runaway N-cycle requires a combined effort to replace chemical fertilizers with biological alternatives, which after a 10-yr span of usage could eliminate a minimum of 30% of ag-related GHG emissions (∼1.59 Gt), protect waterways from nitrate pollution, and protect soils from further deterioration. Agritech solutions include bringing biological fertilizers and biological nitrification inhibitors to the marketplace to reduce the microbial conversion of fertilizer nitrogen into GHGs and other toxic intermediates. Worldwide adoption of these plant-derived molecules will substantially elevate nitrogen use efficiency by crops while blocking the dominant source of N2O to the atmosphere and simultaneously protecting the biological CH4 sink. Additional agritech solutions to curtail N-pollution, soil erosion, and deterioration of freshwater supplies include soil-free aquaponics systems that utilize improved microbial inocula to enhance nitrogen use efficiency without GHG production. With adequate and timely investment and scale-up, microbe-based agritech solutions emphasizing N-cycling processes can dramatically reduce GHG emissions on short time lines.","PeriodicalId":10494,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10910340/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41107067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Variability in Neural Circuit Formation. 神经回路形成的变异性

IF 7.2 2区生物学

Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041504

Kevin J Mitchell

引用次数: 0

Structural Variants and Speciation: Multiple Processes at Play. 结构变异与物种形成：多重过程在起作用

IF 7.2 2区生物学

Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041446

Emma L Berdan, Thomas G Aubier, Salvatore Cozzolino, Rui Faria, Jeffrey L Feder, Mabel D Giménez, Mathieu Joron, Jeremy B Searle, Claire Mérot

{"title":"Structural Variants and Speciation: Multiple Processes at Play.","authors":"Emma L Berdan, Thomas G Aubier, Salvatore Cozzolino, Rui Faria, Jeffrey L Feder, Mabel D Giménez, Mathieu Joron, Jeremy B Searle, Claire Mérot","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041446","DOIUrl":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041446","url":null,"abstract":"Research on the genomic architecture of speciation has increasingly revealed the importance of structural variants (SVs) that affect the presence, abundance, position, and/or direction of a nucleotide sequence. SVs include large chromosomal rearrangements such as fusion/fissions and inversions and translocations, as well as smaller variants such as duplications, insertions, and deletions (CNVs). Although we have ample evidence that SVs play a key role in speciation, the underlying mechanisms differ depending on the type and length of the SV, as well as the ecological, demographic, and historical context. We review predictions and empirical evidence for classic processes such as underdominance due to meiotic aberrations and the coupling effect of recombination suppression before exploring how recent sequencing methodologies illuminate the prevalence and diversity of SVs. We discuss specific properties of SVs and their impact throughout the genome, highlighting that multiple processes are at play, and possibly interacting, in the relationship between SVs and speciation.","PeriodicalId":10494,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10910405/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138486863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genetics and the Evolution of Prezygotic Isolation. 遗传学与受精卵分离的进化。

IF 6.9 2区生物学

Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041439

Richard M Merrill, Henry Arenas-Castro, Anna F Feller, Julia Harenčár, Matteo Rossi, Matthew A Streisfeld, Kathleen M Kay

{"title":"Genetics and the Evolution of Prezygotic Isolation.","authors":"Richard M Merrill, Henry Arenas-Castro, Anna F Feller, Julia Harenčár, Matteo Rossi, Matthew A Streisfeld, Kathleen M Kay","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041439","DOIUrl":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041439","url":null,"abstract":"The significance of prezygotic isolation for speciation has been recognized at least since the Modern Synthesis. However, fundamental questions remain. For example, how are genetic associations between traits that contribute to prezygotic isolation maintained? What is the source of genetic variation underlying the evolution of these traits? And how do prezygotic barriers affect patterns of gene flow? We address these questions by reviewing genetic features shared across plants and animals that influence prezygotic isolation. Emerging technologies increasingly enable the identification and functional characterization of the genes involved, allowing us to test established theoretical expectations. Embedding these genes in their developmental context will allow further predictions about what constrains the evolution of prezygotic isolation. Ongoing improvements in statistical and computational tools will reveal how pre- and postzygotic isolation may differ in how they influence gene flow across the genome. Finally, we highlight opportunities for progress by combining theory with appropriate data.","PeriodicalId":10494,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10835618/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41232994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mapping the Retina onto the Brain. 将视网膜映射到大脑。

IF 7.2 2区生物学

Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041512

Daniel Kerschensteiner, Marla B Feller

引用次数: 0

Genomic Approaches Are Improving Taxonomic Representation in Genetic Studies of Speciation. 基因组学方法正在改善形态遗传研究中的分类学表现。

IF 7.2 2区生物学

Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041438

Kira Delmore, Hannah Justen, Kathleen M Kay, Jun Kitano, Leonie C Moyle, Rike Stelkens, Matthew A Streisfeld, Yo Y Yamasaki, Joseph Ross

引用次数: 0

Photosynthesis 2.0: Realizing New-to-Nature CO₂-Fixation to Overcome the Limits of Natural Metabolism. 光合作用2.0：实现新的自然CO2固定，以克服自然代谢的限制。

IF 7.2 2区生物学

Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041669

Tobias J Erb

引用次数: 0

Is Novelty Predictable? 新颖性可以预测吗？

IF 7.2 2区生物学

Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041469

Clara Fannjiang, Jennifer Listgarten

引用次数: 0