Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology最新文献_第8页

Variant Effect Prediction in the Age of Machine Learning 机器学习时代的变异效应预测

IF 7.2 2区生物学

Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041467

Yana Bromberg, R. Prabakaran, Anowarul Kabir, Amarda Shehu

引用次数: 0

Glial Regulation of Circuit Wiring, Firing, and Expiring in the Drosophila Central Nervous System 果蝇中枢神经系统中神经胶质对电路布线、点火和衰竭的调控

IF 7.2 2区生物学

Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041347

Jaeda Coutinho-Budd, Marc R. Freeman, Sarah Ackerman

{"title":"Glial Regulation of Circuit Wiring, Firing, and Expiring in the Drosophila Central Nervous System","authors":"Jaeda Coutinho-Budd, Marc R. Freeman, Sarah Ackerman","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a041347","url":null,"abstract":"Molecular genetic approaches in small model organisms like Drosophila have helped to elucidate fundamental principles of neuronal cell biology. Much less is understood about glial cells, although interest in using invertebrate preparations to define their in vivo functions has increased significantly in recent years. This review focuses on our current understanding of the three major neuron-associated glial cell types found in the Drosophila central nervous system (CNS)—astrocytes, cortex glia, and ensheathing glia. Together, these cells act like mammalian astrocytes and microglia; they associate closely with neurons including surrounding neuronal cell bodies and proximal neurites, regulate synapses, and engulf neuronal debris. Exciting recent work has shown critical roles for these CNS glial cells in neural circuit formation, function, plasticity, and pathology. As we gain a more firm molecular and cellular understanding of how Drosophila CNS glial cells interact with neurons, it is clear that they share significant molecular and functional attributes with mammalian glia and will serve as an excellent platform for mechanistic studies of glial function.","PeriodicalId":10494,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140598334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Glia Development and Function in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 线虫草履虫神经胶质细胞的发育和功能

IF 7.2 2区生物学

Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041346

Aakanksha Singhvi, Shai Shaham, Georgia Rapti

{"title":"Glia Development and Function in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans","authors":"Aakanksha Singhvi, Shai Shaham, Georgia Rapti","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a041346","url":null,"abstract":"The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a powerful experimental setting for uncovering fundamental tenets of nervous system organization and function. Its nearly invariant and simple anatomy, coupled with a plethora of methodologies for interrogating single-gene functions at single-cell resolution in vivo, have led to exciting discoveries in glial cell biology and mechanisms of glia–neuron interactions. Findings over the last two decades reinforce the idea that insights from C. elegans can inform our understanding of glial operating principles in other species. Here, we summarize the current state-of-the-art, and describe mechanistic insights that have emerged from a concerted effort to understand C. elegans glia. The remarkable acceleration in the pace of discovery in recent years paints a portrait of striking molecular complexity, exquisite specificity, and functional heterogeneity among glia. Glial cells affect nearly every aspect of nervous system development and function, from generating neurons, to promoting neurite formation, to animal behavior, and to whole-animal traits, including longevity. We discuss emerging questions where C. elegans is poised to fill critical knowledge gaps in our understanding of glia biology.","PeriodicalId":10494,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140598609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How Important Is Sexual Isolation to Speciation? 性隔离对物种繁衍有多重要？

IF 7.2 2区生物学

Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041427

Kerry L Shaw, Christopher R Cooney, Tamra C Mendelson, Michael G Ritchie, Natalie S Roberts, Leeban H Yusuf

{"title":"How Important Is Sexual Isolation to Speciation?","authors":"Kerry L Shaw, Christopher R Cooney, Tamra C Mendelson, Michael G Ritchie, Natalie S Roberts, Leeban H Yusuf","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041427","DOIUrl":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041427","url":null,"abstract":"A central role for sexual isolation in the formation of new species and establishment of species boundaries has been noticed since Darwin and is frequently emphasized in the modern literature on speciation. However, an objective evaluation of when and how sexual isolation plays a role in speciation has been carried out in few taxa. We discuss three approaches for assessing the importance of sexual isolation relative to other reproductive barriers, including the relative evolutionary rate of sexual trait differentiation, the relative strength of sexual isolation in sympatry, and the role of sexual isolation in the long-term persistence of diverging forms. First, we evaluate evidence as to whether sexual isolation evolves faster than other reproductive barriers during the early stages of divergence. Second, we discuss available evidence as to whether sexual isolation is as strong or stronger than other barriers between closely related sympatric species. Finally, we consider the effect of sexual isolation on long-term species persistence, relative to other reproductive barriers. We highlight challenges to our knowledge of and opportunities to improve upon our understanding of sexual isolation from different phases of the speciation process.","PeriodicalId":10494,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10982695/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139721955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Astrocyte Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow in Health and Disease. 健康与疾病中星形胶质细胞对脑血流的调节

IF 6.9 2区生物学

Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041354

Anusha Mishra, Grant R Gordon, Brian A MacVicar, Eric A Newman

{"title":"Astrocyte Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow in Health and Disease.","authors":"Anusha Mishra, Grant R Gordon, Brian A MacVicar, Eric A Newman","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041354","DOIUrl":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041354","url":null,"abstract":"Astrocytes play an important role in controlling microvascular diameter and regulating local cerebral blood flow (CBF) in several physiological and pathological scenarios. Neurotransmitters released from active neurons evoke Ca2+ increases in astrocytes, leading to the release of vasoactive metabolites of arachidonic acid (AA) from astrocyte endfeet. Synthesis of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) dilate blood vessels while 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) constricts vessels. The release of K+ from astrocyte endfeet also contributes to vasodilation or constriction in a concentration-dependent manner. Whether astrocytes exert a vasodilation or vasoconstriction depends on the local microenvironment, including the metabolic status, the concentration of Ca2+ reached in the endfoot, and the resting vascular tone. Astrocytes also contribute to the generation of steady-state vascular tone. Tonic release of both 20-HETE and ATP from astrocytes constricts vascular smooth muscle cells, generating vessel tone, whereas tone-dependent elevations in endfoot Ca2+ produce tonic prostaglandin dilators to limit the degree of constriction. Under pathological conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, stroke, and diabetes, disruption of normal astrocyte physiology can compromise the regulation of blood flow, with negative consequences for neurological function.","PeriodicalId":10494,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10982716/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139691419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Engineering Crassulacean Acid Metabolism in C₃ and C₄ Plants. C3 和 C4 植物的纤酸代谢工程。

IF 7.2 2区生物学

Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041674

Xiaohan Yang, Yang Liu, Guoliang Yuan, David J Weston, Gerald A Tuskan

{"title":"Engineering Crassulacean Acid Metabolism in C3 and C4 Plants.","authors":"Xiaohan Yang, Yang Liu, Guoliang Yuan, David J Weston, Gerald A Tuskan","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041674","DOIUrl":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041674","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a major greenhouse gas contributing to changing climatic conditions, which is a grand challenge affecting the security of food, energy, and environment. Photosynthesis plays the central role in plant-based CO2 reduction. Plants performing CAM (crassulacean acid metabolism) photosynthesis have a much higher water use efficiency than those performing C3 or C4 photosynthesis. Therefore, there is a great potential for engineering CAM in C3 or C4 crops to enhance food/biomass production and carbon sequestration on arid, semiarid, abandoned, or marginal lands. Recent progresses in CAM plant genomics and evolution research, along with new advances in plant biotechnology, have provided a solid foundation for bioengineering to convert C3/C4 plants into CAM plants. Here, we first discuss the potential strategies for CAM engineering based on our current understanding of CAM evolution. Then we describe the technical approaches for engineering CAM in C3 and C4 plants, with a focus on an iterative four-step pipeline: (1) designing gene modules, (2) building the gene modules and transforming them into target plants, (3) testing the engineered plants through an integration of molecular biology, biochemistry, metabolism, and physiological approaches, and (4) learning to inform the next round of CAM engineering. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future opportunities for fully realizing the potential of CAM engineering.","PeriodicalId":10494,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10982706/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138486859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Phospholipase Modulation of Synaptic Membrane Landscape: Driving Force Behind Memory Formation? 磷脂酶对突触膜景观的调节：记忆形成背后的驱动力？

IF 7.2 2区生物学

Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041405

Tristan P Wallis, Frédéric A Meunier

引用次数: 0

Genetic Coupling of Mate Recognition Systems in the Genomic Era. 基因组时代配偶识别系统的遗传耦合。

IF 7.2 2区生物学

Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041437

Michael G Ritchie, Roger K Butlin

{"title":"Genetic Coupling of Mate Recognition Systems in the Genomic Era.","authors":"Michael G Ritchie, Roger K Butlin","doi":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041437","DOIUrl":"10.1101/cshperspect.a041437","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of \"genetic coupling\" in mate recognition systems arose in the 1960s as a potential mechanism to maintain coordination between signals and receivers during evolutionary divergence. At its most basic it proposed that the same genes might influence trait and preference, and therefore mutations could result in coordinated changes in both traits. Since then, the concept has expanded in scope and is often used to include linkage or genetic correlation between recognition system components. Here we review evidence for genetic coupling, concentrating on proposed examples of a common genetic basis for signals and preferences. Mapping studies have identified several examples of tight genetic linkage between genomic regions influencing signals and preferences, or assortative mating. Whether this extends as far as demonstrating pleiotropy remains a more open question. Some studies, notably of Drosophila, have identified genes in the sex determination pathway and in pheromonal communication where single loci can influence both signals and preferences. This may be based on isoform divergence, in which sex- and tissue-specific effects are facilitated by alternative spicing, or on regulatory divergence. Hence it is not clear that such examples provide compelling evidence of pleiotropy in the sense that \"magic mutations\" could maintain trait coordination. Rather, coevolution may be facilitated by regulatory divergence but require different mutations or coevolution across isoforms. Reconsidering the logic of genetic coupling, it may be that pleiotropy could actually be less effective than linkage if distinct but associated variants allow molecular coevolution to occur more readily than potentially \"unbalanced\" mutations in single genes. Genetic manipulation or studies of mutation order effects during divergence are challenging but perhaps the only way to disentangle the role of pleiotropy versus close linkage in coordinated trait divergence.","PeriodicalId":10494,"journal":{"name":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10982690/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139691422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How Does Selfing Affect the Pace and Process of Speciation? 自交如何影响物种演化的速度和过程？

IF 7.2 2区生物学

Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology Pub Date : 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041426

Lucas Marie-Orleach, Sylvain Glémin, Marie K. Brandrud, Anne K. Brysting, Abel Gizaw, A. Lovisa S. Gustafsson, Loren H. Rieseberg, Christian Brochmann, Siri Birkeland

引用次数: 0

Regulators of Oligodendrocyte Differentiation 少突胶质细胞分化的调节因子

IF 7.2 2区生物学

Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology Pub Date : 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041358

Ben Emery, Teresa L. Wood

引用次数: 0