Clinical psychology & psychotherapy最新文献

{"title":"Long-Term Treatment Outcome and Recidivism Patterns Among Intimate Partner Violence Perpetrator Typology: A 15-Year Follow-Up Study","authors":"Natalia Redondo,&nbsp;Román Ronzón-Tirado,&nbsp;Marina J. Muñoz-Rivas,&nbsp;Jose Luis Graña","doi":"10.1002/cpp.70142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.70142","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Current studies on intimate partner violence (IPV) conclude that IPV perpetrators are a heterogeneous group, with substantially different profiles and different relevant clinical variables, with a differential response to the psychological treatment programmes that they take part in, measured through criminal recidivism. However, most studies look only at these offenders' short-term recidivism. The aim of this longitudinal study was, on the one hand, to replicate a typology based on the risk of recidivism in a sample of 484 court-referred partner-violent men and, on the other hand, to analyse long-term criminal recidivism in these aggressors, depending on the typology found. For this purpose, a 15-year longitudinal follow-up was conducted on 484 court-referred partner-violent men after they had participated in a cognitive-behavioural psychological treatment programme. The results corroborated the existence of three subtypes of aggressors: those with high risk, medium risk and low risk, as well as different patterns of recidivism depending on the profile identified at the beginning of the treatment. It was concluded that recidivism was higher in the first year of follow-up, as well as the fact that the aggressors at greatest risk were the subgroup with the highest level of long-term recidivism. These results highlight the heterogeneity existing in this type of aggressor, as well as the need to adapt psychological treatment programmes in line with the initial characteristics of the participants.</p>","PeriodicalId":10460,"journal":{"name":"Clinical psychology & psychotherapy","volume":"32 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cpp.70142","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathological Affective Dependence as a Risk Factor for Intimate Partner Violence: Initial Psychometric Validation of the Italian Version of the Pathological Affective Dependence Scale","authors":"Pugliese Erica,&nbsp;Uvelli Allison,&nbsp;van Emmerik Arnold,&nbsp;Ferretti Fabio,&nbsp;Saliani Angelo Maria,&nbsp;Foschino-Barbaro Maria Grazia,&nbsp;Vigilante Teresa,&nbsp;Celitti Erika,&nbsp;Quintavalle Chiara,&nbsp;Mancini Francesco,&nbsp;Arntz Arnoud","doi":"10.1002/cpp.70140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.70140","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to validate the Italian version of the Pathological Affective Dependence Scale (PADS), which assesses both trait and state manifestations of Pathological Affective Dependence (PAD), a key risk factor for Intimate Partner Violence (IPV).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two studies were conducted in the general population and IPV survivor samples. Study 1 used a sample of 360 participants for Confirmatory and Exploratory Factor Analysis (CFA and EFA). Study 2 included 362 participants for an additional CFA and reliability analysis to further assess the scale's factor structure and internal consistency, and for a correlational analysis to determine its convergent and discriminant validity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our factor analytic findings revealed that the PADS' 17 items represent three factors: internal conflict, inability to separate and partner abuse. The scale's state and trait versions showed satisfactory reliability, and convergent and discriminant validity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings suggest that the PADS is a useful tool for assessing and enhancing our understanding of PAD as a psychological risk factor for IPV. As such, it can help prevent IPV and support individual IPV survivors by identifying and treating PAD, while also contributing to clinical and social research into IPV.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10460,"journal":{"name":"Clinical psychology & psychotherapy","volume":"32 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cpp.70140","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144853788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Positive Schemas in Schema Therapy for Cluster C Personality Disorders in Older Adults: A Multiple Baseline Study","authors":"Loes van Donzel,&nbsp;Machteld A. Ouwens,&nbsp;Sebastiaan P. J. van Alphen,&nbsp;Samantha Bouwmeester,&nbsp;Nathan Bachrach,&nbsp;Arjan C. Videler","doi":"10.1002/cpp.70121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.70121","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Schema therapy (ST) is an effective psychotherapy for personality disorders in (older) adults. There is an increasing awareness of the imbalance in the ST community because of the emphasis on negative schemas versus attention to positive schemas. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an adapted ST approach that integrates positive schemas. Using a multiple baseline design, the study assessed 10 older adults (aged &gt; 60) with Cluster C personality disorders through 1 year of weekly individual ST sessions, followed by a 6-month follow-up. Baseline consisted of 4–8 weeks without intervention. Primary outcomes were credibility of positive and negative core beliefs; secondary measures examined symptomatic distress, schema modes, early maladaptive and positive schemas. Results showed mixed individual outcomes. Positive core beliefs significantly improved in 38% of participants during treatment and 50% at follow-up, whereas negative core beliefs decreased significantly for 25% of participants during treatment and 67% at follow-up. At the group level, significant increases with very large effect sizes were observed in positive core beliefs in baseline versus follow-up and reductions in negative beliefs in baseline versus treatment and versus follow-up. Secondary outcomes revealed significant reductions in symptomatic distress and PD criteria, alongside increased positive schemas. No significant changes were found for schema modes or maladaptive schemas. This first study underscores the potential of integrating positive schemas into ST for older adults, suggesting preliminary efficacy. Further research is essential to generalize findings across different age groups and diagnoses and to identify which aspects of positive schemas enhance therapy outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10460,"journal":{"name":"Clinical psychology & psychotherapy","volume":"32 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cpp.70121","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Dialectical Behaviour Therapy on Self-Management, Distress Tolerance and Feeling of Loneliness of Patients With Bipolar Disorder With a History of Psychiatric Hospitalization","authors":"Elahe Vaez Maroufi,&nbsp;Mohammadreza Abed,&nbsp;Ali Shariat","doi":"10.1002/cpp.70141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.70141","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present study was to find the effect of Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) on self-management, distress tolerance and feeling of loneliness in patients with bipolar disorder who had a history of psychiatric hospitalization. The statistical population included all patients with bipolar disorder who had been hospitalized at the Khorshid Hospital in Isfahan, Iran. Participants were purposefully selected from the hospitalized patients. Then, 30 patients exhibiting deficiencies in self-management, distress tolerance and loneliness were selected and equally divided into experimental and control groups based on the inclusion criteria. The experimental group underwent DBT intervention for ten 90-min sessions, while the control group received no intervention. The Distress Tolerance Scale, Loneliness Scale and Self-Management Scale were administered to both groups at pre- and post-test and a 2-month follow-up of the study, and the obtained data were analysed by multivariate analysis of variance using SPSS26. The results indicated that DBT enhanced self-management and distress tolerance and reduced the feeling of loneliness in the experimental group. They acquired the necessary skills to manage emotions, improve interpersonal relationships and enhance their quality of life. Therefore, DBT can be utilized as a complementary treatment alongside pharmacotherapy for the treatment of bipolar disorder.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10460,"journal":{"name":"Clinical psychology & psychotherapy","volume":"32 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire (PDSQ): Psychometric Properties and Item-Level Empirical Correlates","authors":"Richard Rogers,&nbsp;Sara E. Hartigan,&nbsp;Yi-Ting Chang,&nbsp;Kamar Y. Tazi","doi":"10.1002/cpp.70099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.70099","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Objective&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;To investigate scale-level and especially item-level correlates of the Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire (PDSQ) with an emphasis on its clinical usefulness in primary care settings. In addition, gender-based correlate differences were explored to test whether gender-specific conclusions were warranted. Overall, the current empirical correlates sought to improve the PDSQ's precision in clinical interpretations.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Method&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The current dataset was composed of 234 primary care patients, systematically evaluated via the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Disorders-Research Version (SCID-5-RV) for 10 common mental disorders. Rather than using the typical skip-out logic, the 10 modules were administered in their entirety, providing item-level correlates for the PDSQ as the index measure.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;When adequately represented (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; ≥ 10), PDSQ subscales produced strong scale homogeneities (&lt;i&gt;M&lt;/i&gt; alpha = 0.85). At the item level, they evidenced strong convergent validities (&lt;i&gt;M r&lt;/i&gt; = 0.64), clearly more than doubled their discriminant validities (&lt;i&gt;M r&lt;/i&gt; = 0.25). Adopting a stringent criterion (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; ≥ 0.35), 273 PDSQ empirical correlates were established for common diagnoses. Regarding gender, seven disorders produced similar scale correlates, whereas three were divergent.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;As the third independent investigation, PDSQ item-level correlates have been empirically validated in both psychiatric and primary care settings. The PDSQ, in its expanded role, provided valuable clinical data regarding DSM-5 symptoms and clinical characteristics.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Summary&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;ul&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;li&gt;Consistent with the first objective, the PDSQ subscales demonstrated excellent internal consistency and construct validity.&lt;/li&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;li&gt;For specific symptoms and clinical characteristics, the PDSQ is distinguished from most self-report psychological measures regarding the precision of its clinical findings via item-level correlates.&lt;/li&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;li&gt;In the context of the replication crisis, rigorous criteria were applied to bivariate correlates, ranging from moderate (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;s ≥ 0.35) to very large (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;s ≥ 0.60) for each PDSQ subscale.&lt;/li&gt;\u0000 &lt;/ul&gt;\u0000 &lt;/div&gt;\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":10460,"journal":{"name":"Clinical psychology & psychotherapy","volume":"32 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144782623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Manifestation and Measurement of Atypical Depression: A Scoping Review","authors":"Syeda M. Zahra,&nbsp;Thomas A. Whelan,&nbsp;Dylan Henry,&nbsp;Elizabeth Pizarro-Campagna,&nbsp;Joel R. Anderson,&nbsp;Ying Yang","doi":"10.1002/cpp.70123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.70123","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Atypical depression (<span>AD</span>) is one of the commonly experienced depressive subtypes and is predicted to become more prevalent despite the term ‘atypical’, implying that the condition is rare.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This scoping review synthesises the evidence on the manifestation and measurement of <span>AD</span>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Quantitative studies published in English that mentioned atypical depression (and related terms) in adults were identified by searching the online databases CINAHL, MEDLINE Complete, PsycINFO, Scopus and Web of Science.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 4498 studies were screened, and data were extracted from 56 publications (<i>N</i> = 139,924). During the review process, five key areas were explored: (a) unique symptomatology, (b) prevalence, (c) group differences, (d) comorbidity and factors associated with <span>AD</span> and (e) the use of existing measures of <span>AD</span>. Mood reactivity and vegetative symptoms were identified as distinct features of the subtype. <span>AD</span> was more common among females and young adults and comorbid with various physiological and psychological conditions. Limited information is available regarding the associated social factors. Moreover, <span>AD</span> is measured using limited, non-standardised, and inconsistent approaches.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although the evidence confirms that <span>AD</span> is a distinct subtype of major depressive disorder (MDD), it is under-researched. Further research specifically focused on <span>AD</span> is now needed to gain a better understanding of psychosocial aspects of <span>AD</span> and develop psychometrically sound measures to enable accurate screening and diagnosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10460,"journal":{"name":"Clinical psychology & psychotherapy","volume":"32 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cpp.70123","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144767518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introducing the Emotions-Affect Systems Elicitation (EASEL-3) Index: A New Tool for Measuring Affect Regulation Systems' Activation","authors":"Ana Margarida Pinto,&nbsp;Claúdia Figueiredo,&nbsp;Rinie Geenen,&nbsp;Paula Castilho,&nbsp;José A. P. da Silva,&nbsp;the EASEL-3 research group","doi":"10.1002/cpp.70126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.70126","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although emotions pervade and influence individual and interpersonal functioning and well-being, their nature and taxonomy remain a bone of contention. The ‘three-circle’ model, comprising three dynamically interacting affect regulation systems (i.e., threat, drive, and soothing), provides a useful framework for aggregating emotions and understanding emotion (dys)regulation while closely supporting therapeutic intervention. Imbalances in the activation and (inter)action of these affect regulation systems have been implicated in a wide range of physical and mental disorders; however, there are currently no tools for quantifying each system's activation. The aim of this study was to develop a novel index of the three affect regulation systems: threat, drive and soothing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Three independent expert panels, composed of researchers in the ‘three-circle’ model, researchers in the field of affective science, and clinicians (<i>N</i> = 70), estimated the degree of activation of each affect regulation system induced by discrete emotions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, agreement among experts was high regarding the emotions that mapped primarily onto each affect regulation system and the degree of the corresponding activation. These results constitute the basis for the Emotions-Affect Systems ELicitation Index (EASEL-3) index, which provides a continuous score of the estimated activation of the three systems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion and Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although in need of field testing, the EASEL-3 index may prove valuable in research and clinical settings, opening new avenues on the measurement of the affect regulation systems, their correlates and associated outcomes, helping characterize and compare activation patterns across clinical populations and contexts, and informing the assessment and personalization of interventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10460,"journal":{"name":"Clinical psychology & psychotherapy","volume":"32 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144767515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of Prolonged Grief in Suicide Loss Survivors: The Role of Social Invalidation, Meaning in Life and Time Since Loss","authors":"Rafael Salom,&nbsp;José Enrique Layrón,&nbsp;Ana Moreno Martínez,&nbsp;Robert A. Neimeyer,&nbsp;Sandra Pérez","doi":"10.1002/cpp.70137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.70137","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study explores predictors of prolonged grief symptoms in Spanish adults bereaved by suicide, focusing on demographic, circumstantial and psychosocial factors. Participants completed assessments on prolonged grief symptoms, depressive symptoms, posttraumatic growth, meaning in life, perceived social support, social (in)validation and time since loss. Results showed that social invalidation was the strongest predictor of prolonged grief symptoms. In contrast, a strong sense of meaning in life was linked to lower prolonged grief symptoms and depressive symptoms, underscoring its protective role. Time since loss also predicted prolonged grief symptoms, supporting the idea that grief lessens over time. Notably, posttraumatic growth correlated more with social validation than with time since the loss. Kinship differences were also significant: parents who lost a child reported the highest prolonged grief symptoms, followed by spouses, while those who lost more distant relatives showed lower grief intensity. These findings emphasize the psychological impact of social responses to suicide loss and the importance of meaning-making in grief adaptation in Spanish suicide loss survivors.</p>","PeriodicalId":10460,"journal":{"name":"Clinical psychology & psychotherapy","volume":"32 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cpp.70137","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144758523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dimensionality and Psychometric Properties of the Emotions-Affect Systems ELicitation (EASEL-3) in Fibromyalgia and the General Population: A Cross-Cultural Study","authors":"Ana Margarida Pinto,&nbsp;Cristiana Campos Marques,&nbsp;Claúdia Figueiredo,&nbsp;Francisco J. Caramelo,&nbsp;Mariana Luís,&nbsp;Paula Castilho,&nbsp;Rinie Geenen,&nbsp;José A. P. da Silva","doi":"10.1002/cpp.70130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.70130","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Objective&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Despite the growing acceptance and use of the evolutionary tripartite model of affect regulation, the lack of a suitable instrument capable of gauging the activation of the threat, drive and soothing systems hinders further advances. The aim of this study was to preliminarily validate the Emotions-Affect Systems ELicitation (EASEL-3)—a novel index used to estimate the activation of the three affect regulation systems. Evaluated were the assessment of its dimensionality, measurement invariance, psychometric properties and construct and nomological validity.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Method&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;An international sample of people with fibromyalgia (&lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt; = 2033, 94% women) and controls (i.e., people without the disease; &lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt; = 463, 71% women) completed the EASEL-3 and clinical symptoms measures. A subsample of people with fibromyalgia (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 162) completed additional measures of threat (behavioural inhibition, rumination), drive (behavioural activation) and soothing-related constructs (compassionate self-responding, social safeness).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Confirmatory analyses supported a three-factor solution (&lt;i&gt;χ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;(206) = 2322.236, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001; CFI = 0.877; TLI = 0.862; RMSEA = 0.071, SRMR = 0.052 for fibromyalgia and &lt;i&gt;χ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;(206) = 726.838, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001; CFI = 0.870; TLI = 0.855; RMSEA = 0.074, SRMR = 0.061 for controls) that was found to be partially invariant between groups (ΔCFI, ΔRMSEA and ΔSRMR within the recommended values except for ΔCFI &gt; 0.010 in scalar invariance). Reliability ranged from acceptable to excellent (Cronbach's &lt;i&gt;α&lt;/i&gt; = 0.78–0.92). Mean comparison analyses showed that the EASEL-3 profile of people with fibromyalgia significantly differed from that of controls, with the former experiencing a greater threat system activation score and lower drive and soothing system activation scores (all &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). The EASEL-3 was moderate-to-strongly associated with theoretically related constructs and clinical symptoms. The soothing system activation score moderated the relationship between the threat system activation score and fibromyalgia-like symptoms but not somatic or depressive symptoms. A weaker association between threat activation scores and fibromyalgia-like symptoms was observed with higher soothing system activation scores.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusion and Discussion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Findings support the three-dimensional structure of the EASEL-3, its reliability, temporal stability and adequate nomological and construct validity. Results suggest that the EASEL-3 is a p","PeriodicalId":10460,"journal":{"name":"Clinical psychology & psychotherapy","volume":"32 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144758540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Virtual Reality Into OCD Treatment: Comparing Virtual Reality and Traditional Exposure Techniques in a Clinical Sample for Contamination-Related OCD","authors":"Mujgan Inozu,&nbsp;Bikem Kargı,&nbsp;Elif Uzumcu,&nbsp;Elçin Özçelik Eroğlu,&nbsp;Elif Usta,&nbsp;Dolunay Cemre Durmuş,&nbsp;Guzide Tulek,&nbsp;Caner Tulek,&nbsp;Yusuf Topcu,&nbsp;Mahmut Esat Yıldız","doi":"10.1002/cpp.70128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.70128","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Virtual reality exposure (VRE) is a useful and effective alternative that can overcome important limitations of traditional exposure methods. A limited number of recent studies have found promising results when examining the use of VRE in the treatment of contamination-related obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of VRE with in vivo and imaginal exposure in reducing contamination-related OCD symptoms. Forty-four participants diagnosed with DSM-5 OCD and whose primary symptoms were contamination obsessions and cleaning compulsions were included in the study. Participants were matched based on their Y-BOCS scores and assigned to VRE (<i>n</i> = 7), in vivo exposure (<i>n</i> = 8), imaginal exposure (<i>n</i> = 8) and wait-list control (<i>n</i> = 10) groups. Participants in the exposure groups completed an average of 10 exposure sessions with two sessions per week. The results indicated that VRE reduced the severity of OCD symptoms and contamination-related cognitions, as well as improving psychological well-being. Additionally, the findings suggest that VRE may be as effective as in vivo and imaginal exposure in reducing OCD symptoms, particularly in diminishing contamination-related anxiety and compulsive behaviours. The findings of the study indicate that VRE may offer a viable alternative to other exposure techniques.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10460,"journal":{"name":"Clinical psychology & psychotherapy","volume":"32 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144740298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}