Validation of the Executive Functioning Scale (EFS) in Children With Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Their Typically Developing Peers: Psychometric Properties, Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance

IF 3.2 3区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Clinical psychology & psychotherapy Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI:10.1002/cpp.70093

Mohammadreza Kordbagheri, Hasti Samsam, Amal Zayed, Alireza Kordbagheri

{"title":"Validation of the Executive Functioning Scale (EFS) in Children With Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Their Typically Developing Peers: Psychometric Properties, Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance","authors":"Mohammadreza Kordbagheri, Hasti Samsam, Amal Zayed, Alireza Kordbagheri","doi":"10.1002/cpp.70093","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Objective</h3>\n \n <p>The current study was aimed at translating and validating the Persian version of the 52-item Executive Functioning Scale (EFS) for Iranian children.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Method</h3>\n \n <p>The Persian EFS was administered online to a total of 600 Iranian children aged 2–17 years and their parents (48 with autism spectrum disorder, 162 with other neurodevelopmental/functional disorders and 390 typically developing). Construct validity was evaluated via confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory structural equation modelling (ESEM) using the weighted least squares estimator. Four competing models were compared: a first-order six-factor model, a higher order model, a bifactor model and a six-factor ESEM model with target rotation. Measurement invariance across gender and age was tested. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's α, McDonald's ω and 3-week test–retest intraclass correlations. Convergent and discriminant validity were examined through composite reliability (CR), average variance extracted (AVE) and correlations with the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF).</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Results</h3>\n \n <p>The six-factor ESEM model provided the best fit (CFI = 0.974; TLI = 0.951; RMSEA = 0.059; WRMR = 0.717), outperforming the first-order (CFI = 0.903; TLI = 0.897) and bifactor solutions (CFI = 0.947; TLI = 0.926). Full configural, metric and scalar invariance held across gender and age (ΔCFI < 0.01). Subscale internal consistencies ranged from <i>α</i> = 0.70 to 0.84 and <i>ω</i> = 0.71 to 0.84; test–retest ICCs exceeded 0.80 for all scales. CR values exceeded 0.79, AVE values ranged from 0.41 to 0.56 and EFS–BRIEF correlations supported convergent and discriminant validity.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Discussion</h3>\n \n <p>The Persian EFS demonstrates robust factorial validity, measurement invariance, reliability and convergent/discriminant validity in Iranian samples.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":10460,"journal":{"name":"Clinical psychology & psychotherapy","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Clinical psychology & psychotherapy","FirstCategoryId":"102","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cpp.70093","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective

The current study was aimed at translating and validating the Persian version of the 52-item Executive Functioning Scale (EFS) for Iranian children.

Method

The Persian EFS was administered online to a total of 600 Iranian children aged 2–17 years and their parents (48 with autism spectrum disorder, 162 with other neurodevelopmental/functional disorders and 390 typically developing). Construct validity was evaluated via confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory structural equation modelling (ESEM) using the weighted least squares estimator. Four competing models were compared: a first-order six-factor model, a higher order model, a bifactor model and a six-factor ESEM model with target rotation. Measurement invariance across gender and age was tested. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's α, McDonald's ω and 3-week test–retest intraclass correlations. Convergent and discriminant validity were examined through composite reliability (CR), average variance extracted (AVE) and correlations with the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF).

Results

The six-factor ESEM model provided the best fit (CFI = 0.974; TLI = 0.951; RMSEA = 0.059; WRMR = 0.717), outperforming the first-order (CFI = 0.903; TLI = 0.897) and bifactor solutions (CFI = 0.947; TLI = 0.926). Full configural, metric and scalar invariance held across gender and age (ΔCFI < 0.01). Subscale internal consistencies ranged from α = 0.70 to 0.84 and ω = 0.71 to 0.84; test–retest ICCs exceeded 0.80 for all scales. CR values exceeded 0.79, AVE values ranged from 0.41 to 0.56 and EFS–BRIEF correlations supported convergent and discriminant validity.

Discussion

The Persian EFS demonstrates robust factorial validity, measurement invariance, reliability and convergent/discriminant validity in Iranian samples.

查看原文本刊更多论文

执行功能量表（EFS）在神经发育障碍儿童及其典型同龄人中的验证：心理测量特性、因素结构和测量不变性

目的本研究旨在翻译和验证伊朗儿童52项执行功能量表（EFS）的波斯语版本。方法对600名2-17岁的伊朗儿童及其父母（48名自闭症谱系障碍儿童，162名其他神经发育/功能障碍儿童，390名典型发育儿童）进行在线波斯语EFS测试。通过验证性因子分析（CFA）和探索性结构方程模型（ESEM）使用加权最小二乘估计来评估结构效度。比较了四种相互竞争的模型：一阶六因子模型、高阶模型、双因子模型和目标旋转的六因子ESEM模型。测试了不同性别和年龄的测量不变性。信度采用Cronbach’s α、McDonald’s ω和3周重测类内相关性进行评估。通过复合信度（CR）、平均方差提取（AVE）和执行功能行为评定量表（BRIEF）的相关性来检验收敛效度和判别效度。结果六因子ESEM模型拟合最佳(CFI = 0.974；tli = 0.951；rmsea = 0.059；WRMR = 0.717)，优于一阶(CFI = 0.903；TLI = 0.897)和双因子解(CFI = 0.947；tli = 0.926)。跨性别和年龄保持完整的构型、度量和标量不变性（ΔCFI < 0.01）。子尺度内部一致性α = 0.70 ~ 0.84, ω = 0.71 ~ 0.84；所有量表的ICCs均超过0.80。CR值超过0.79，AVE值在0.41 ~ 0.56之间，EFS-BRIEF相关支持收敛效度和判别效度。波斯EFS在伊朗样本中显示出稳健的析因效度、测量不变性、信度和收敛/判别效度。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Clinical psychology & psychotherapy PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL-

CiteScore

6.30

自引率

5.60%

发文量

106

期刊介绍： Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy aims to keep clinical psychologists and psychotherapists up to date with new developments in their fields. The Journal will provide an integrative impetus both between theory and practice and between different orientations within clinical psychology and psychotherapy. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy will be a forum in which practitioners can present their wealth of expertise and innovations in order to make these available to a wider audience. Equally, the Journal will contain reports from researchers who want to address a larger clinical audience with clinically relevant issues and clinically valid research.