Clinical psychology & psychotherapy最新文献

{"title":"Assessing Core Affective Dimensions in OCD: Development and Validation of the Obsessive–Compulsive Core Dimensions Scale (OC-CDS)","authors":"Gabriele Melli,&nbsp;Claudia Carraresi,&nbsp;Antonella Lebruto,&nbsp;Laura Caccico,&nbsp;Andrea Galleschi","doi":"10.1002/cpp.70113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.70113","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a complex condition characterized by obsessions and compulsions driven by different affective dimensions, including guilt, disgust and not just right experiences (NJREs). However, research has often examined these factors separately, without analysing their interaction. To address this gap, we developed and validated the Obsessive–Compulsive Core Dimensions Scale (OC-CDS), a self-report measure designed to simultaneously assess guilt avoidance, disgust avoidance and NJRE avoidance that drive OCD symptoms. Two studies conducted on Italian non-clinical samples confirmed the factorial validity and psychometric robustness of the OC-CDS. The first study refined the scale to 18 items, revealing a three-factor structure with excellent fit indices. The second study confirmed this structure through confirmatory factor analysis, demonstrating good reliability, temporal stability, construct and predictive validity. The findings support the use of the OC-CDS for a more comprehensive assessment of the affective motivations underlying OCD, with clinical implications for personalized interventions. Future research should explore the applicability of the scale in clinical settings and the role of interactions among these dimensions in maintaining OCD symptoms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Summary</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 \u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>The Obsessive–Compulsive Core Dimensions Scale (OC-CDS) is a validated self-report tool that assesses three key affective dimensions underlying OCD: guilt avoidance, disgust avoidance and not just right experiences (NJREs).</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>The OC-CDS demonstrated strong psychometric properties, including a stable three-factor structure, high internal consistency and moderate test–retest reliability.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>The scale provides a more comprehensive assessment of OCD-related motivations, allowing clinicians to tailor interventions based on the predominant emotional drivers of compulsive behaviours.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>Future research should validate the OC-CDS in clinical populations and explore the interactions among guilt, disgust and NJRE in maintaining OCD symptoms.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10460,"journal":{"name":"Clinical psychology & psychotherapy","volume":"32 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144515049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Adding Multisensory Stimulation to a Fear of Heights Virtual Reality Experience","authors":"José María Ribé-Viñes,&nbsp;José Gutiérrez-Maldonado,&nbsp;Zahra Zabolipour,&nbsp;Miriam Aguilar-Gil,&nbsp;Marta Ferrer-Garcia","doi":"10.1002/cpp.70107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.70107","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Introduction&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The sense of presence (SP) is a critical factor in eliciting emotional responses during virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) for treating anxiety disorders. Multisensory stimulation has been suggested as an effective method to enhance the SP in VR environments.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Objective&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This study aims to investigate the relationship between SP and anxiety in a VR environment designed to simulate fear of heights (FoH). Specifically, it compares the levels of SP and anxiety experienced in multisensory (i.e., visual, auditory and tactile stimulation) versus bisensory (i.e., visual and auditory stimulation) virtual environments and examines the associations between SP and individual characteristics.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;A total of 162 participants were randomly assigned to one of two experimental conditions: bisensory virtual reality exposure (B-VRE; &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 85) and multisensory virtual reality exposure (M-VRE; &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 77). Differences in anxiety and SP between the two conditions were assessed using Student's &lt;i&gt;t&lt;/i&gt;-tests. In addition, correlation, mediation and moderation analyses were conducted to explore the relationships between SP, anxiety, technological features and individual characteristics.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Correlation analyses revealed statistically significant relationships between SP and anxiety during VR exposure, as well as between SP and participants' demographic and personality characteristics. Furthermore, SP partially mediated the relationship between participants' baseline FoH and the anxiety they experienced in the VR environment. Finally, the addition of multisensory cues increased the SP experienced in the virtual scenario but did not significantly impact reported anxiety levels.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Incorporating multisensory feedback to enhance SP during VRET should be considered when designing VR systems for therapeutic use.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Summary&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;ul&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;li&gt;Adding multisensory cues enhances users’ sense of presence in virtual environments.&lt;/li&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;li&gt;Sense of presence partially mediates the link between fear of heights and anxiety during VR exposure.&lt;/li&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;li&gt;Incorporating mult","PeriodicalId":10460,"journal":{"name":"Clinical psychology & psychotherapy","volume":"32 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144493034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positive Emotion Dysregulation: A Metacognitive Perspective","authors":"Giovanni Mansueto,&nbsp;Sara Palmieri,&nbsp;Lucia Salatini,&nbsp;Sofia Piccioni,&nbsp;Giovanni Maria Ruggiero,&nbsp;Sandra Sassaroli,&nbsp;Marcantonio M. Spada,&nbsp;Gabriele Caselli","doi":"10.1002/cpp.70109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.70109","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Introduction&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Using the metacognitive model of emotion dysregulation as a basis, this study explored whether metacognitive beliefs are associated with positive emotion dysregulation.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Method&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;A total of 436 participants from the general population and 133 outpatients seeking psychological treatment were recruited. Positive emotion dysregulation, metacognitive beliefs, and affective symptoms were assessed. T&lt;i&gt;t&lt;/i&gt; test, chi-square test, correlation, and hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses were run.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;In the general population, over and above age, sex, and affective symptoms, a higher endorsement on positive beliefs about worry, negative beliefs about thoughts concerning uncontrollability and danger, and beliefs about the need to control thoughts were associated with a poor acceptance of positive emotions (&lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt; = 13.66, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001), with difficulties in engaging in goal-directed behavior (&lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt; = 9.06, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001), and with difficulties in controlling behaviors when experiencing positive emotions (&lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt; = 10.61, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). In the clinical sample, over and above age, sex, and affective symptoms, a higher endorsement of negative beliefs about thoughts concerning uncontrollability and danger and lack of cognitive confidence were associated with difficulties in engaging in goal-directed behavior (&lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt; = 5.74, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001) and with difficulties in controlling behaviors when experiencing positive emotions (&lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt; = 6.54, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). Outpatients seeking psychological treatment also reported more severe positive emotion dysregulation and higher endorsement of metacognitive beliefs when compared with the general population (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Positive emotion dysregulation appears to be associated with the tendency to endorse metacognitive beliefs. Metacognitive beliefs could be a potential therapeutic target for reducing difficulties in the regulation of positive emotions.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Summary&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;ul&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;li&gt;Among participants from the general population, the tendency to endorse metacognitive beliefs is associated with greater positive emotion dysregulation.&lt;/li&gt;\u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":10460,"journal":{"name":"Clinical psychology & psychotherapy","volume":"32 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cpp.70109","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144492591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric Evaluation of the Revised Suicide Crisis Inventory (SCI-2) in Germany: Factor Structure, Reliability, and Validity in an Online and Outpatient Sample","authors":"Laura Melzer,&nbsp;Carola Claus,&nbsp;Nelia Posen,&nbsp;Thomas Forkmann,&nbsp;Megan L. Rogers,&nbsp;Tobias Teismann","doi":"10.1002/cpp.70106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.70106","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The suicide crisis syndrome (SCS) is considered a cognitive and affective state preceding a suicide attempt. Previous studies have demonstrated its predictive validity and have shown it to be a uniform disorder entity in various countries worldwide; however, research in Europe remains limited. The aim of this study was therefore to contribute to a cross-cultural perspective on the SCS and to examine its factor structure, reliability, and validity in Germany.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Data of &lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt; = 1157 participants were collected between October 2022 and December 2024 cross-sectionally from a German adult outpatient sample (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 586; 65% female; age: &lt;i&gt;M&lt;/i&gt;[SD] = 36.31[12.80], range: 18–68) and a German adult online sample (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 571; 74% female; age: &lt;i&gt;M&lt;/i&gt;[SD] = 24.69[7.20], range: 18–67). Participants completed the German version of the revised 61-item Suicide Crisis Inventory (SCI-2-G) and other instruments (e.g., SIBS, BDI-II, and DASS) to measure convergent and concurrent criterion validity. Statistical analyses included confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) to confirm the proposed factors (entrapment, affective disturbance, loss of cognitive control, hyperarousal, and social withdrawal).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The SCI-2-G total score demonstrated excellent internal consistency, good convergent, and moderate concurrent criterion validity in relation to stress, depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, and lifetime suicide attempts. The CFA showed good model fit for the online sample and adequate-to-good fit for the outpatient sample, with the five-factor model consistently outperforming the one-factor model.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;CFA yielded adequate-to-good model fit depending on the sample. Analyses indicate that the SCI-2 is a valid measurement tool in Germany. The five-factor solution is suggested to have higher clinical utility than a one-factor solution, as it reflects the current formulation of the proposed SCS diagnosis. Future studies should expand the cross-cultural perspective with longitudinal studies across diverse clinical and nonclinical samples.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Summary&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;ul&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;li&gt;First validation of the German revised version Suicide Crisis Inventory (SCI-2-G).&lt;/li&gt;\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":10460,"journal":{"name":"Clinical psychology & psychotherapy","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cpp.70106","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144367512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attachment Differences Across Close Relationships Among Inpatients With Avoidant or Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Pathology","authors":"John T. Rucker,&nbsp;Katrina A. Rufino","doi":"10.1002/cpp.70108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.70108","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two pathologies frequently presenting to treatment are the fear-based Cluster C variants of avoidant and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders. Despite their distinctive syndromes, the literature has noted similar presentations and therapist–patient interactions that challenge diagnostic and treatment efforts. This study used a large sample (<i>N</i> = 1728) of psychiatric inpatients to observe differences in attachment styles across important persons (e.g., mom, dad, partner and friends) for those with avoidant or obsessive-compulsive personality pathology. Results demonstrated variety in attachment style across important persons, particularly for those with avoidant personality disorder. A discussion of these results conveys their distinction as clinical syndromes, despite their grouping under the Cluster C category. Further, clinical implications are discussed to advocate for my tailored approaches to treating these conditions in psychotherapy and inpatient practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Summary</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 \u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>Inpatients with avoidant personality pathology demonstrated insecure attachment across more important figures than those with obsessive-compulsive personality pathology.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>Both avoidant and obsessive-compulsive PD inpatients share a maternal insecure attachment.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>The current DSM-5 categorization may overemphasize the degree of overlap between these Cluster C conditions.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10460,"journal":{"name":"Clinical psychology & psychotherapy","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144367330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural Analysis of the German Self-Report Questionnaire for Anxiety and Depression in People With Disorders of Intellectual Development (SAD-IE)","authors":"Anika Gabriel,&nbsp;Almut W. Helmes,&nbsp;Charlotte T. Brecht,&nbsp;Julia I. Bräutigam,&nbsp;Markus A. Wirtz,&nbsp;Jürgen Bengel","doi":"10.1002/cpp.70105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.70105","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Anxiety disorders and depression are among the most common mental disorders in people with disorders of intellectual development (DID). As many symptoms are not directly observable, diagnoses should not be based solely on third-party assessment. The aim of the study was the development and structural analysis of a self-report questionnaire (SAD-IE) for anxiety and depression in people with DID.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Based on the specific diagnostic criteria of DM-ID-2, a trial version of the SAD-IE with 49 items was constructed in plain language. After contacting &lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt; = 233 institutions across all 16 German federal states, &lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt; = 286 adults with DID and their proxies were included. The factorial structure of the SAD-IE was analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis for ordinal data (CFA, WLSMV estimation).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The CFA showed that a two-factor model captured the latent structure of the SAD-IE best (CFI = 0.956, TLI = 0.954, RMSEA = 0.040, SRMR = 0.069), with 39 of the original items having sufficient discriminatory power. The first factor, depression, was reliably represented by 22 items (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; (it,c) = 0.520–0.770; &lt;i&gt;α&lt;/i&gt; = 0.900, &lt;i&gt;ω&lt;/i&gt; = 0.901) and the second factor, anxiety, by 17 items (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; (it,c) = 0.504–0.796; &lt;i&gt;α&lt;/i&gt; = 0.895, &lt;i&gt;ω&lt;/i&gt; = 0.897).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The German SAD-IE is a reliable self-report questionnaire measuring the major symptoms of anxiety and depression in people with borderline, mild, or moderate DID. It provides the foundation for an urgently needed self-assessment in addition to existing third-party assessments, ensuring a more comprehensive diagnosis. Further evaluation in practice is recommended.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Summary&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;ul&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;li&gt;The SAD-IE is a self-report questionnaire in German that can be completed independently or with little assistance by people with borderline or mild to moderate DID. Instructions and items of the SAD-IE are written in plain language, and pictures for augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) are provided.&lt;/li&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;li&gt;The SAD-IE takes into account the deviations in anxiety and depression in people with DID compared to the general population.&lt;/li&gt;","PeriodicalId":10460,"journal":{"name":"Clinical psychology & psychotherapy","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cpp.70105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144339546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prolonged Grief in Refugees Seeking Treatment for PTSD: Comorbidity with Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms and Network Structure","authors":"Franziska Lechner-Meichsner,&nbsp;Mirjam Sophie Rueger,&nbsp;Kai Jannik Nehler,&nbsp;Thomas Ehring,&nbsp;Hannah Preiss,&nbsp;nee Schumm,&nbsp;Nexhmedin Morina,&nbsp;Dana Churbaji,&nbsp;Ricarda Mewes,&nbsp;Julia Giesebrecht,&nbsp;Cornelia Weise,&nbsp;Regina Steil","doi":"10.1002/cpp.70097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.70097","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Refugees often experience traumatic events and the loss of loved ones, leading to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), complex PTSD (cPTSD) and prolonged grief disorder (PGD). It has been repeatedly shown that comorbidity between PGD and PTSD is frequent especially after violent losses, but only few studies have investigated the relationship between PGD and cPTSD. The network approach to psychopathology is well suited to investigate associations between different symptoms. We therefore combined a traditional investigation of the probable prevalence of PGD and its comorbidity with PTSD and cPTSD in refugees and used network analysis to identify central symptoms and bridge symptoms. A total &lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt; of 92 treatment-seeking refugees who had experienced both loss and traumatic events completed a self-report measure of PGD and clinical interviews for PTSD and cPTSD. We determined the probable prevalence of PGD&lt;sub&gt;ICD-11&lt;/sub&gt; and rates of comorbidity. Network centrality and associations between symptoms of PGD and cPTSD were examined using network analysis. The probable prevalence of PGD&lt;sub&gt;ICD-11&lt;/sub&gt; was 28.04%. Of those with probable PGD&lt;sub&gt;ICD-11&lt;/sub&gt;, 65.38% also met criteria for comorbid PTSD&lt;sub&gt;ICD-11&lt;/sub&gt; and 19.23% for comorbid cPTSD. The most central PGD symptom in the network was &lt;i&gt;difficulties engaging in social or other activities&lt;/i&gt;, and the most central cPTSD symptom was &lt;i&gt;negative self-concept&lt;/i&gt;. The most important PGD bridge symptom was &lt;i&gt;emotional numbness&lt;/i&gt;. Results underscore the importance of screening for PGD in treatment-seeking traumatized refugees in order to consider it in treatment planning. The relatively small sample size and the stability indices call for cautious interpretation of the results.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Trial Registration&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;DRKS-ID: DRKS00019876.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Summary&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;ul&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;li&gt;This is the first prolonged grief and post-traumatic stress symptom network analysis in refugees.&lt;/li&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;li&gt;Prolonged grief disorder is an important mental health problem in refugees.&lt;/li&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;li&gt;Emotional numbness and avoidance were the most important bridge symptoms.&lt;/li&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;li&gt;Screening for PGD is important in traumatized treatment-seeking refugees.&lt;/li&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;li&gt;Culturally sensitive grief-focused interventions should be offered to refugees.&lt;/li&gt;","PeriodicalId":10460,"journal":{"name":"Clinical psychology & psychotherapy","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cpp.70097","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feared Self, Inferential Confusion, and Magical Ideation in Obsessive Compulsive Phenomena","authors":"Yoon-Hee Yang,&nbsp;Tess Jaeger,&nbsp;Richard Moulding","doi":"10.1002/cpp.70103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.70103","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Recent literature suggests that the feared self, a version of self that one is afraid of becoming, is related to obsessive–compulsive (OC) phenomena. However, as this construct is not specific, the existence of the feared self itself does not fully explain why some people may develop obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) while others do not. This indicates that other constructs may play a role, in particular those that may influence the tendency of individuals endorsing negative imagined possibilities over reality—including inferential confusion and magical ideation. Inferential confusion is a reasoning bias specific to OCD and may be able to explain how OC symptoms develop from more general vulnerable self-themes and intrusions commonly reported in the general population. Additionally, magical ideation is another important cognitive bias that could explain the strong beliefs individuals with OCD have with respect to the effectiveness of compulsive rituals. However, to our knowledge, no study to date has investigated the relationships among these three constructs. Using a nonclinical population (&lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt; = 385), this study supported the proposed moderated-mediation model conducted via PROCESS. The link between the feared self and OCD symptoms was mediated by inferential confusion, and magical ideation was a moderator of the effects of inferential confusion. This study contributes to the literature by providing empirical support for the role of the feared self in predicting OC symptoms. It elucidates how a vulnerable self-view may escalate to OCD symptoms via inferential confusion, with the relationship strengthened further by beliefs in magical ideation which is often employed by individuals under stress.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Summary&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;ul&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;li&gt;While feared self is associated with obsessive–compulsive (OC) phenomena, on its own it is insufficient to explain why only some individuals may develop symptoms.&lt;/li&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;li&gt;The reasoning bias of inferential confusion, where individuals endorse imagined possibilities over reality, was found to mediate this relationship.&lt;/li&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;li&gt;Magical ideation, the tendency to have beliefs that defy culturally accepted laws of causality, amplified the effects that inferential confusion had on OC symptom severity.&lt;/li&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;li&gt;While a nonclinical study, this suggests that clinical interventions that directly target cognitive biases such as inferential confusion and magical ideation, along with feared self, may enhance treatment effica","PeriodicalId":10460,"journal":{"name":"Clinical psychology & psychotherapy","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cpp.70103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiential Avoidance as a Transdiagnostic Mediator in the Relationship Between Intolerance of Uncertainty, Maladaptive Perfectionism, and Psychiatric Symptoms: Structural and Causal Mediation Analyses in a Clinical Sample","authors":"Gizem Gerdan,&nbsp;Ebru Salcioglu","doi":"10.1002/cpp.70102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.70102","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Anxiety- and depression-related disorders rank among the most prevalent psychological conditions globally. Intolerance of uncertainty (IU), perfectionism, and experiential avoidance (EA) are recognized as transdiagnostic factors contributing to the development and maintenance of these emotional disturbances. However, their interplay remains insufficiently understood and has not been examined within a single research design across clinical samples with varying psychiatric diagnoses. Investigating the relationships and clinical significance of these key transdiagnostic processes in the maintenance of psychiatric symptoms represents a research priority. This study examined the mediating role of EA in the relationship between IU, maladaptive perfectionism (MP), and psychiatric symptoms (PS) using structural equation modeling (SEM) and causal mediation analyses. The sample included 221 participants (18–65 years) with a range of anxiety- and depression-related diagnoses. SEM results showed that EA fully mediated the relationships between IU, MP, and PS. Increased IU and MP were linked to heightened EA, which, in turn, was associated with greater symptom severity. The model explained 54.5% of the variance in EA and 62.5% in PS. Causal mediation analyses showed that EA fully mediated the relationships between IU and PS and MP and PS in two separate models. EA explained 1.254 standard deviations in the IU-PS relationship and 0.871 standard deviations in the MP-PS relationship. Sensitivity analyses (&lt;i&gt;ρ&lt;/i&gt; = −0.1) supported the robustness of these effects against potential confounders. These findings underscore the potential utility of assessments and interventions targeting EA to more effectively address the relationship between MP, IU, and anxiety- and depression-related disorders.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Summary&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;ul&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;li&gt;This study is among the first to examine the role of EA in the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty (IU), MP, and PS in individuals with anxiety- and depression-related disorders.&lt;/li&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;li&gt;IU and MP are associated with psychiatric PS severity through EA.&lt;/li&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;li&gt;Causal mediation analyses confirmed EA as a key mechanism linking IU and MP to PS, with results remaining robust after controlling for potential confounders.&lt;/li&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;li&gt;Avoidance behaviors appear to contribute to the maintenance and reinforcement of MP traits and IU, as their direct associations with PS were fully mediated by EA, resulting in increased symptom burden.&lt;/li&gt;","PeriodicalId":10460,"journal":{"name":"Clinical psychology & psychotherapy","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cpp.70102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144315379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Schizotypy, Schizotypal Personality Disorder and Eating Disorders: A Systematic Review","authors":"Haoyu Guo,&nbsp;Mingyue Xiao,&nbsp;Jiawen Tian,&nbsp;Bruce K. Christensen,&nbsp;Hong Chen","doi":"10.1002/cpp.70079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.70079","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This systematic review aims to explore the comorbidity of schizotypy and schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) with eating disorders (EDs).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Four databases (Cochrane Library, PubMed, PsycINFO and Web of Science) were searched for empirical studies published through 2023. Eligible studies underwent data extraction, risk of bias assessment and subsequent analyses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 11 studies with 2236 patients were included in the present review. The three main types of EDs—anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED)—along with their subtypes were involved. Patients with AN and both anorexia and bulimia nervosa exhibited more obvious schizotypal manifestations, whereas those with BN showed less severe schizotypal levels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>EDs are closely linked with schizotypy and SPD. Schizotypal manifestations vary across different types of EDs. The cognitive and social deficits highlighted by schizotypy and SPD and their associated neurobiological dysfunction may be related to abnormal and pathological eating behaviours. Future research should further investigate their comorbid relationships, especially potential transdiagnostic indicators.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10460,"journal":{"name":"Clinical psychology & psychotherapy","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144315374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}