Soft Matter最新文献

{"title":"Online reprogramming electronic bits for N dimension fractal soft deformable structures†","authors":"Fengjiao Bin, Jiaxu Meng, Wei Chen, Ruishen Lou, Xu Li, Jiangman Sun, Shikai Jing and Dengbao Xiao","doi":"10.1039/D4SM01051E","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4SM01051E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Inspired by the complex fractal morphologies and deformations observed in animals and plants, an <em>N</em>-dimensional soft structure composed of stretchable electronic bits has been developed. This soft structure, capable of independent and cooperative motion, can be manipulated through the programming of bits using a machine language based on instruction encoding. This method simplifies the process of changing the bit's step temperature to control its binary state. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that the fractal dimensions and deformation morphologies of the soft structure achieve stability and extremity when the total number of programming bits exceeds eighteen. Considering strip-shaped soft structures as a case study, their ultimate deformation morphologies, covering the reachable regions of all bits, can achieve complexity comparable to that of dandelion tufts and tree crowns. Moreover, the deformation process exhibits agility akin to that of an octopus. We have prepared samples that include strip-shaped soft structures, each containing multiple pairs of bits, and a hand-shaped soft structure equipped with five pairs of bits, intended for conducting deformation programming experiments. These experimental results validated the correctness of the online reprogramming method for soft structures, showing their capability to perform a range of complex deformations, such as the “OK” gesture, and highlighting potential applications in surgical contexts. This design strategy contributes to the development of soft structures, offering contributions from both theoretical and practical perspectives.</p>","PeriodicalId":103,"journal":{"name":"Soft Matter","volume":" 1","pages":" 148-156"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142778995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active droplet driven by collective chemotaxis","authors":"Christian Carlsson and Tong Gao","doi":"10.1039/D4SM00717D","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4SM00717D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Surfactant-laden fluid interfaces of soft colloids, such as bubbles and droplets, are ubiquitously seen in various natural phenomena and industrial settings. In canonical systems where microparticles are driven in hydrodynamic flows, convection of the surfactant changes local surface tension. Subsequently, the interplay of Marangoni and hydrodynamic stresses leads to rich interfacial dynamics that directly impact the particle motions. Here we introduce a new mechanism for self-propelled droplets, driven by a thin layer of chemically active microparticles situated at the interface of a suspended droplet, which is a direct extension of the planar collective surfing model by Masoud and Shelley (H. Masoud and M. J. Shelley, <em>Phys. Rev. Lett.</em>, 2014, <strong>112</strong>, 128304). These particles can generate chemicals locally, leading to spontaneous Marangoni flows that drive the self-aggregation of microparticles. This process, in turn, creates a polarized surfactant distribution, which induces collective chemotaxis and dipolar bulk flows, ultimately breaking the symmetry. By assuming the local surfactant production to be either proportional to particle density or saturated at a high particle density, we observe that the system can be chemotactically diverging or approach a steady state with constant migration velocity. The system is studied analytically in the linear region for the initial transient dynamics, yielding critical numbers and familiar patterns, as well as numerically for larger amplitudes and over a long time using spectral methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":103,"journal":{"name":"Soft Matter","volume":" 48","pages":" 9562-9571"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/sm/d4sm00717d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142685420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Site-percolation transition of run-and-tumble particles†","authors":"Soumya K. Saha, Aikya Banerjee and P. K. Mohanty","doi":"10.1039/D4SM00838C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4SM00838C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >We study percolation transition of run and tumble particles (RTPs) on a two dimensional square lattice. RTPs in these models run to the nearest neighbour along their internal orientation with unit rate, and to other nearest neighbours with rates <em>p</em>. In addition, they tumble to change their internal orientation with rate <em>ω</em>. We show that for small tumble rates, RTP-clusters created by joining occupied nearest neighbours irrespective of their orientation form a phase separated state when the rate of positional diffusion <em>p</em> crosses a threshold; with further increase of <em>p</em> the clusters disintegrate and another transition to a mixed phase occurs. The critical exponents of this re-entrant site-percolation transition of RTPs vary continuously along the critical line in the <em>ω</em>–<em>p</em> plane, but a scaling function remains invariant. This function is identical to the corresponding universal scaling function of percolation transition observed in the Ising model. We also show that the critical exponents of the underlying motility induced phase separation transition are related to corresponding percolation-critical-exponents by constant multiplicative factors known from the correspondence of magnetic and percolation critical exponents of the Ising model.</p>","PeriodicalId":103,"journal":{"name":"Soft Matter","volume":" 47","pages":" 9503-9509"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142685427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of velocity field characteristics of gas invasion via viscous fingering and elastic fracturing in visco-elasto-plastic fluids","authors":"Zhao Jin, Yixuan Hou, Xinzhe Que, Yongchao Zhou and Yiping Zhang","doi":"10.1039/D4SM00982G","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4SM00982G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Viscous fingering (VF) and elastic fracture (EFr) are prevalent phenomena when gas invades into complex fluids. In this study, compressed nitrogen gas was injected into a complex fluid called magnesium lithium phyllosilicate (MLPS) suspension through a single-point injection in a rectangular Hele-Shaw cell. In the case of gas invasion into the MLPS suspension <em>via</em> VF, the affected area is confined to the tips of the independently growing fingers after splitting. Within the affected region, the velocity is primarily parallel to the growth direction of fingers, while the perpendicular component is mainly distributed on the outer sides of the whole bubble and within a more limited range. The gas–liquid interface can be divided into moving and static boundaries, where the length of the moving boundary is much smaller than the perimeter of the bubble. On the moving boundary, the parallel velocity component to the growth direction is significantly greater than the perpendicular component in terms of both the influence range and magnitude. The included angles between the velocity direction and the growth direction are concentrated within a narrow range, showing a significant positive correlation among the velocities. Conversely, when a bubble invades <em>via</em> EFr, the disturbed area is larger, with the parallel velocity component primarily located at the tip and the perpendicular component distributed in a “butterfly” shape around the middle of the bubble. The moving boundary length is comparable to the bubble perimeter. On the moving boundary, the perpendicular component exerts a non-negligible influence, and the distribution of included angles is more uniform, resulting in a significant negative correlation among the velocities. Based on the above characteristics of the velocity field, quantitative indicators, such as the ratio of the affected area, the ratio of moving boundary length to the perimeter, the velocity component ratio, the coefficient of uniformity, and the relative correlation length, are proposed. Based on the velocity field, these indicators demonstrate universal applicability in distinguishing between the two different invasion patterns observed in complex fluids.</p>","PeriodicalId":103,"journal":{"name":"Soft Matter","volume":" 48","pages":" 9642-9653"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142714886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tribocharged granular assembly of polystyrene beads confined between plates using acoustic vibrations†","authors":"Arely G. Jiménez-Díaz, Ignaas S. M. Jimidar and Fernando Donado-Pérez","doi":"10.1039/D4SM01017E","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4SM01017E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In this work, we investigate the transition from an amorphous state to crystal ordering of 3 mm-sized polystyrene beads in a two-dimensional system between two plates, one of them fixed and the other is mobile and can move across the beads. The system is vibrated vertically, and we have investigated the effect of the frequency, the number of particles, and the different materials covering the bottom and top plate. We found that crystallisation is promoted by the motion of the upper plate, which pushes particles to the centre of the plate's configuration and by the onset of tribocharged-induced electrostatic interactions. The motion of the upper plate creates an effective pressure over the particles. Thus, the upper plate motion drives the ordered particle configuration, and electric charges stabilise it. By changing the bottom plate surface and experimenting with steel balls, we found that strong charging can demote crystal formation, and no charging inhibits crystal formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":103,"journal":{"name":"Soft Matter","volume":" 47","pages":" 9434-9443"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/sm/d4sm01017e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142674593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding polymer-colloid gels: a solvent perspective using low-field NMR.","authors":"Léo Hervéou, Gauthier Legrand, Thibaut Divoux, Guilhem P Baeza","doi":"10.1039/d4sm01098a","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d4sm01098a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present work emphasizes the relevance of low-field NMR relaxometry to investigate colloid-polymer hydrogels by probing water dynamics across a wide range of formulations between 10 °C and 80 °C. By examining the temperature dependence of the transverse relaxation time <i>T</i>₂, we demonstrate a clear link between the NMR response and the rheological behavior of the hydrogels. In particular, we show that NMR relaxometry targeting the solvent provides reliable insights into the hydrogel microstructure and allows the detection of phase transitions and aging processes. Our findings suggest that this solvent-focused technique could greatly benefit the soft matter community, complementing other experimental methods in the study of gels.</p>","PeriodicalId":103,"journal":{"name":"Soft Matter","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142612869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic colloidal single particles and dumbbells on a tilted washboard moiré pattern in a precessing external field†","authors":"Farzaneh Farrokhzad, Nico C. X. Stuhlmüller, Piotr Kuświk, Maciej Urbaniak, Feliks Stobiecki, Sapida Akhundzada, Arno Ehresmann, Daniel de las Heras and Thomas M. Fischer","doi":"10.1039/D4SM01183J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4SM01183J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >We measure the dynamical behavior of colloidal singlets and dumbbells on an inclined magnetic moiré pattern, subject to a precessing external homogeneous magnetic field. At low external field strength single colloidal particles and dumbbells move everywhere on the pattern: at stronger external field strengths colloidal singlets and dumbbells are localized in generic locations. There are however nongeneric locations of flat channels that cross the moiré Wigner Seitz cell. In the flat channels we find gravitational driven translational and non-translational dynamic phase behavior of the colloidal singlets and dumbbells depending on the external field strength and the precession angle of the external homogeneous magnetic field.</p>","PeriodicalId":103,"journal":{"name":"Soft Matter","volume":" 46","pages":" 9312-9318"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/sm/d4sm01183j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142646067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of hydration water on bioresponsiveness of polymer interfaces revealed by analysis of linear and cyclic polymer-grafted substrates†","authors":"Shin-nosuke Nishimura, Naoya Kurahashi, Shohei Shiomoto, Yoshihisa Harada and Masaru Tanaka","doi":"10.1039/D4SM00977K","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4SM00977K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Given that the hydration water of polymer matrices may differ from that of outermost polymer surfaces, processes at biomaterial–biofluid interfaces and role of hydration water therein cannot be adequately examined using most conventional characterization methods. To bridge this gap, a gold substrate was herein modified with linear and cyclic poly(2-methoxyethyl acrylate) to prepare <em>gl</em>-PMEA and <em>gc</em>-PMEA surfaces, respectively, as models for the outermost surfaces of blood-contacting medical devices. Both surfaces suppressed the adhesion of human platelets but differed in the adhesion behaviors of normal and tumor cells despite having the same areal density of fixed-end units. The surfaces were analyzed using quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), frequency modulation atomic force microscopy (FM-AFM), and X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) measurements under wet conditions to clarify the relationship between bioresponsivity and hydration water. QCM measurements provided evidence that both grafted-PMEA were hydrated. FM-AFM observations revealed that the swelling layer was thicker for <em>gc</em>-PMEA. To rationalize the differences in the surface hydration states, we performed XES measurements under conditions enabling control over the number of hydration water molecules. In the low-water-content region, hydrogen bonds or interactions between water molecules developed in the vicinity of <em>gl</em>-PMEA but not <em>gc</em>-PMEA. Thus, the initial hydration behavior of the <em>gc</em>-PMEA surface, which promoted intermediate water formation, was different from that of the <em>gl</em>-PMEA surface. The results suggested that the adjustment and optimization of the hydration state of outermost biomaterial surfaces enable the control of bioresponsivity, including the selective isolation of tumor cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":103,"journal":{"name":"Soft Matter","volume":" 47","pages":" 9454-9463"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/sm/d4sm00977k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142674509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shape transformations in peptide–DNA coacervates driven by enzyme-catalyzed deacetylation†","authors":"Merlijn H. I. van Haren, Nienke S. Helmers, Luuk Verploegen, Viveca A. C. Beckers and Evan Spruijt","doi":"10.1039/D4SM01091D","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4SM01091D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Biomolecular condensates formed by liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) are important organizers of biochemistry in living cells. Condensate formation can be dynamically regulated, for example, by protein binding or enzymatic processes. However, how enzymatic reactions can influence condensate shape and control shape transformations is less well understood. Here, we design a model condensate that can be formed by the enzymatic deacetylation of a small peptide by sirtuin-3 in the presence of DNA. Interestingly, upon nucleation condensates initially form gel-like aggregates that gradually transform into spherical droplets, displaying fusion and wetting. This process is governed by sirtuin-3 concentration, as more enzyme results in a faster aggregate-to-liquid transformation of the condensates. The counterintuitive transformation of gel-like to liquid-like condensates with increasing interaction strength between the peptide and DNA is recapitulated by forming condensates with different peptides and nucleic acids at increasing salt concentrations. Close to the critical point where coacervates dissolve, gel-like aggregates are formed with short double stranded DNA, but not with single stranded DNA or weakly binding peptides, even though the coacervate salt resistance is similar. At lower salt concentrations the interaction strength increases, and spherical, liquid-like condensates are formed. We attribute this behavior to bending of the DNA by oppositely charged peptides, which becomes stronger as the system moves further into the two-phase region. Overall, this work shows that enzymes can induce shape transformations of condensates and that condensate material properties do not necessarily reveal their stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":103,"journal":{"name":"Soft Matter","volume":" 47","pages":" 9493-9502"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11582960/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142685425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomimetic mineralization of positively charged silica nanoparticles templated by thermoresponsive protein micelles: applications to electrostatic assembly of hierarchical and composite superstructures.","authors":"Nada Y Naser, William C Wixson, Helen Larson, Brandi M Cossairt, Lilo D Pozzo, François Baneyx","doi":"10.1039/d4sm00907j","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d4sm00907j","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High information content building blocks offer a path toward the construction of precision materials by supporting the organization and reconfiguration of organic and inorganic components through engineered functions. Here, we combine thermoresponsiveness with biomimetic mineralization by fusing the Car9 silica-binding dodecapeptide to the C-terminus of the (VPGVG)₅₄ elastin-like polypeptide (ELP). Using small angle X-ray scattering, we show that the short Car9 cationic block is sufficient to promote the conversion of disordered unimers into 30 nm micelles comprising about 150 proteins, 5 °C above the transition temperature of the ELP. While both species catalyze self-limiting silica precipitation, micelles template the mineralization of highly monodisperse (62 nm) nanoparticles, while unimers yield larger polydisperse species. Strikingly, and unlike traditional synthetic silica, these particles exhibit a positive surface charge, likely due to cationic Car9 sidechains projecting from their surface. Capitalizing on the high monodispersity and positive charge of the micelle-templated products, we use smaller silica and gold particles bearing a native negative charge to create a variety of superstructures <i>via</i> electrostatic co-assembly. This simple biomimetic route to positively charged silica eliminates the need for multiple precursors or surface modifications and enables the rapid creation of single-material and composite architectures in which components of different sizes or compositions are well dispersed and integrated.</p>","PeriodicalId":103,"journal":{"name":"Soft Matter","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142612813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}