Soft Matter最新文献

{"title":"Solvent-induced ion clusters generate long-ranged double-layer forces at high ionic strengths†","authors":"David Ribar, Clifford E. Woodward and Jan Forsman","doi":"10.1039/D5SM00027K","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5SM00027K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Recent experimental results by the surface force apparatus (SFA) have identified a dramatic deviation from previously established theories of simple electrolytes. This deviation, referred to as anomalous underscreening, suggests that the range of electrostatic interactions increase upon a further addition of salt, beyond some threshold concentration (usually about 1 M). In this theoretical work, we explore an extension of the restricted primitive model (RPM) wherein a short-ranged pair potential of mean force (sPMF) is added to the usual Coulombic interactions so as to mimic changes of the hydration as two ions approach one another. The strength of this potential is adjusted so that the modified RPM saturates at a realistic concentration level (within a range 4–7 M, typical to aqueous 1 : 1 salts). We utilise grand canonical simulations to establish surface forces predicted by the model and compare them directly with SFA data. We explore different sPMF models, which in all cases display significant clustering at concentrations above about 1 M. In these models, we find significant double-layer repulsion at separations that significantly exceed those expected from standard RPM predictions. We do not, however, observe an increase of the screening length with salt concentration, but rather that this screening length seemingly saturates at a (rather high) value. The simulated long-ranged interactions are shown to correlate with ion cluster formation, implicating the important role of accompanying cluster–cluster interactions. In particular, steric interactions between clusters (manifested in density–density correlations) are quite relevant in these systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":103,"journal":{"name":"Soft Matter","volume":" 27","pages":" 5562-5572"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/sm/d5sm00027k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144473397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Evolution of shear zones in granular packings under pressure","authors":"Mahnoush Madani, Maniya Maleki, János Török and M. Reza Shaebani","doi":"10.1039/D5SM90107C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5SM90107C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Correction for ‘Evolution of shear zones in granular packings under pressure’ by Mahnoush Madani <em>et al.</em>, <em>Soft Matter</em>, 2021, <strong>17</strong>, 1814–1820, https://doi.org/10.1039/D0SM01768J.</p>","PeriodicalId":103,"journal":{"name":"Soft Matter","volume":" 25","pages":" 5162-5162"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/sm/d5sm90107c?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144281751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micromechanical modelling of cellulose hydrogel composites based on coarse-grained molecular dynamics","authors":"Mauricio R. Bonilla, Sridhar K. Kannam, Matthew T. Downton, Monika S. Doblin, Antony Bacic, Michael J. Gidley and Jason R. Stokes","doi":"10.1039/D4SM01488J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4SM01488J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The mechanical response and structure of cellulose hydrogel composites (CHCs) are modelled as cellulose microfibrils using a bead-spring coarse-graining approach. Our results demonstrate that varying the adhesive contact energy between the flexible chains, as well as the number of contacts and structural anisotropy, significantly impacts the mechanical response of the network structure under tensile forces. Specifically, decreasing the contact energy and increasing its range is sufficient to increase the network's extensibility while decreasing its overall modulus. This key finding aligns qualitatively with experiments where the inclusion of polysaccharides in bacterial cellulose-based CHCs had an analogous effect. We hypothesise that polysaccharides, including hemicelluloses, facilitate alignment under strain by increasing the range (“softening”) of the contact forces between microfibrils. Conversely, their absence results in “hard” contacts between microfibrils that are more energetic and can only act over short distances. In contrast to finite element models for CHCs, this coarse-grained approach incorporates non-permanent contacts between flexible microfibrils that permits structural rearrangement of the network in response to deformation, whereby controlling the density and proportion of long- and short- range contact forces suffice to qualitatively describe experiments. Controlling interactions between microfibrils thus provides a lever for designing CHCs with specific mechanical properties for various applications. Additionally, we suggest that plants naturally tune these variables in plant cell development to balance wall rigidity and extensibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":103,"journal":{"name":"Soft Matter","volume":" 27","pages":" 5480-5493"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144309228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-profile folding mechanism for multi-DoF feedback control.","authors":"Hwayeong Jeong, Jung Kim, Jamie Paik","doi":"10.1039/d5sm00143a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5sm00143a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soft structures gain their adaptability from a high number of distributed degrees of freedom (DoF). Integrating reconfigurable robotic systems into these soft structures enables efficient transmission of forces and torques, supporting a wide range of tasks. However, implementing actuation, sensing, and transmission components remains challenging, particularly in optimizing their spatial distribution to achieve effective control over the target structure. In this study, we present an embeddable pneumatic system featuring ultra-thin actuators, with integrable sensors and modular transmissions. The system's ultra-thin profile enables seamless and space-efficient integration onto various surfaces, while its modular design enables flexible reconfiguration to suit different mechanical and control needs. The rolling diaphragm mechanism reduces friction and stress on the joints which are more prone to occur in flat structures. The proposed diaphragm has an aspect ratio of approximately 10 (15 mm 1.4 mm cross-section) and achieves a stroke length up to five times its thickness, extendable through modular connection. An optical sensor module is also introduced to provide precise, low-profile feedback without affecting the mechanical characteristics or flatness of the overall system. We demonstrate the control of folding sequence and angle through feedback control, using compactly embedded components within an origami-inspired surface. This approach leverages the geometric principles of folding to enable complex and reconfigurable structures. The proposed integrable actuator, transmission, and sensor module provides a scalable and customizable foundation for developing large-scale robotic systems with intricate geometries and distributed control, supporting seamless deployment and adaptability.</p>","PeriodicalId":103,"journal":{"name":"Soft Matter","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144281752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Freedericksz transitions in the nematic and smectic ZA phases of DIO†","authors":"J. T. Gleeson, S. N. Sprunt, A. Jákli, P. Guragain and R. J. Twieg","doi":"10.1039/D5SM00238A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5SM00238A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The remarkable material DIO presents fascinating behaviors. It has been extensively studied as one of the first materials exhibiting a ferroelectric nematic phase. However, at higher temperatures it exhibits what has been termed the smectic Z<small>_A</small>: identified as an orientationally ordered, antiferroelectric phase with a density modulation in direction perpendicular to the optic axis. At even higher temperatures, this transitions to an apparently normal nematic phase. We have studied the splay-bend Freedericksz transition in the nematic and SmZ<small>_A</small> phases of the material DIO. Both the magnetic and electric field transitions were utilized. We observed the transitions by measuring effective birefringence and capacitance as well as with polarizing light microscopy. In both the nematic and the SmZ<small>_A</small> states the field induced transitions resemble (in numerous aspects) the classical Freedericksz transition. These enable determinations of several fundamental material parameters and also reveal intriguing aspects of the SmZ<small>_A</small> phase, including the surprising behavior of the elastic constants and the dielectric anisotropy. Detailed comparison with Frank elastic theory of the Freedericksz transition shows that the N phase behaves largely as expected, but the transition in the SmZ<small>_A</small> phase differs significantly. Two specific examples of this are the onset of striations in the Freedericksz distorted state, and the presence of optical biaxiality. The former may be related to the periodic Freedericksz transition as it coincides with a large increase in the splay elastic constant. The latter has been predicted for the SmZ<small>_A</small> phase, but not previously observed.</p>","PeriodicalId":103,"journal":{"name":"Soft Matter","volume":" 29","pages":" 5862-5870"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/sm/d5sm00238a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144504245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating glass transition in a PA6T/66 copolymer through molecular dynamics simulations†","authors":"Lele Wei, Liping Zhu, Jin Wen and Meifang Zhu","doi":"10.1039/D5SM00165J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5SM00165J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Tailoring copolymer composition is a key strategy for enhancing the thermal and mechanical performance of semi-aromatic polyamides. In this work, we investigate the thermal behavior of poly(hexamethylene terephthalamide-<em>co</em>-hexamethylene adipamide) (PA6T/66) copolymers by probing their glass transition temperature (<em>T</em><small>_g</small>), a critical parameter governing material stability. Classical molecular dynamics simulations reveal <em>T</em><small>_g</small> trends across PA6T/66 systems with varying molar ratios of poly(terephthaloyl hexylenediamine) (PA6T), in alignment with experimental data obtained from temperature-dependent density analysis. Increasing PA6T content promotes interchain hydrogen bond (HB) formation, which enhances thermal stability by restricting segmental mobility. However, beyond 55% PA6T content, <em>T</em><small>_g</small> decreases due to steric hindrance from stacked benzene rings and a shift in the interchain/intrachain HB equilibrium, which disrupts cohesive interactions. These findings reveal the thermal properties at the atomic scale by which PA6T content modulates <em>T</em><small>_g</small>, providing a molecular-level understanding that offers valuable guidelines for designing PA6T/66 copolymers with enhanced thermal performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":103,"journal":{"name":"Soft Matter","volume":" 27","pages":" 5553-5561"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144473394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topology effects on associative polymers†","authors":"John M. Bracewell, Rosita Sivaraj, Dvora Perahia and Gary S. Grest","doi":"10.1039/D5SM00368G","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5SM00368G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Tailoring the topology of associative polymers offers a means to control macromolecular responses that in turn enables the design of new responsive soft materials. The current study probes the conformation and response of ring associative polymers in comparison with their entangled linear analogues using molecular dynamics simulations of a coarse-grained bead-spring model. The uniqueness of ring polymers lies in their topology where the chains have no free ends, resulting in considerably faster dynamics compared to their linear analogs, whereas the associative groups drive assembly that constrains the polymer motion. Here, polymers consisting of randomly distributed associative groups, with a fraction <em>f</em> = 0.02 to 0.1 and interaction strength varying from 2 to 8<em>k</em><small>_B</small><em>T</em>, were studied. We find that with increasing <em>f</em> and association strength, larger clusters of associative groups are formed, where their size and dynamics are strongly affected by chain topology. While the associative groups do not impact the chain conformation, they slow stress relaxation, with a distinctively stronger effect on the linear chains. This is attributed to the lower number of unique chains associated with clusters of the same size in ring melts compared with linear ones. Overall, the coupling of associating groups with entanglements results in slower stress relaxation, where the distinctive topologies affect the association of the chains.</p>","PeriodicalId":103,"journal":{"name":"Soft Matter","volume":" 29","pages":" 5823-5832"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144473398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanics control the proliferation of diatoms entrapped in hydrogels†","authors":"Rani Boons, Dominic Gerber, Robert W. Style, Anouk Droux, Tanja Zimmermann, Gustav Nyström, Gilberto Siqueira and André R. Studart","doi":"10.1039/D5SM00391A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5SM00391A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The proliferation of microorganisms in hydrogels is crucial for the design of engineered living materials and biotechnological processes, and may provide insights into cellular growth in aquatic environments. While the mechanical properties of the gel have been shown to affect the division of entrapped cells, research is still needed to understand the impact and the origin of mechanical forces controlling the growth of microorganisms inside hydrogels. Using diatoms as model microorganisms, we investigate the viability, time to division and growth dynamics of cells entrapped in agar hydrogels with tuneable mechanical properties. Cell culture experiments, confocal optical microscopy and particle tracking velocimetry are performed to uncover the role of stress relaxation and residual stresses in the gel and how these affect diatom proliferation. Our experiments reveal that the interplay between the internal pressure of the dividing cell and the mechanical response of the hydrogel control the proliferation behaviour of the entrapped diatoms. By providing quantitative guidelines for the selection of hydrogels for the entrapment and growth of microorganisms, this study offers new insights on the design of living materials for established and emerging biotechnologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":103,"journal":{"name":"Soft Matter","volume":" 26","pages":" 5359-5370"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12153043/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144264859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase equilibrium and dynamics of 5CB mixed with dimethyl terephthalate: coupling of orientation and composition fluctuations in isotropic phase†","authors":"Ryoko Shimada, Osamu Urakawa, Tadashi Inoue and Hiroshi Watanabe","doi":"10.1039/D5SM00375J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5SM00375J","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p &gt;4-Cyano-4′-pentylbiphenyl (5CB) is a representative liquid crystalline compound undergoing isotropic-to-nematic phase transition at a critical temperature, &lt;img&gt;. This phase behavior significantly changes on addition of a small amount of a second compound, and the dynamics of 5CB molecules changes accordingly. In this study, these changes were examined for mixtures of 5CB with dimethyl terephthalate (DMT), the latter being in the crystalline state at &lt;em&gt;T&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 415 K if not mixed with 5CB, and the results were utilized to discuss dynamic properties of the mixture, the kinematic viscosity and dielectric relaxation time. Experiments showed that the mixtures with low DMT content &lt;em&gt;w&lt;/em&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;DMT&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt; (&lt;3.2 wt%) exhibited the isotropic-to-nematic transition at &lt;em&gt;T&lt;/em&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;IN&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt; and this &lt;em&gt;T&lt;/em&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;IN&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt; gradually decreased to 305 K on an increase of &lt;em&gt;w&lt;/em&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;DMT&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt; up to 3.2 wt%. On further cooling to &lt;em&gt;T&lt;/em&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;NC&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt; (&lt;&lt;em&gt;T&lt;/em&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;IN&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;), pure DMT crystallite precipitated from the nematic phase. On the other hand, for the mixture with larger &lt;em&gt;w&lt;/em&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;DMT&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt; (&gt;3.2 wt%), the DMT crystallite precipitated from the isotropic phase on cooling to &lt;em&gt;T&lt;/em&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;IC&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, and this &lt;em&gt;T&lt;/em&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;IC&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt; strongly increased on an increase of &lt;em&gt;w&lt;/em&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;DMT&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt; (which reflected a finite solubility of DMT in the isotropic phase). On further cooling to &lt;img&gt; (= 305 K), the liquid phase being in equilibrium with the DMT crystallite changed from the isotropic phase to the nematic phase. This &lt;img&gt; was independent of &lt;em&gt;w&lt;/em&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;DMT&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt; and coincided with the other transition temperatures &lt;em&gt;T&lt;/em&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;IC&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, &lt;em&gt;T&lt;/em&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;IN&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;T&lt;/em&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;NC&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt; merging at &lt;em&gt;w&lt;/em&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;DMT&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt; = 3.2 wt%. All these features, cast in a phase diagram, were well described by a simple free energy model incorporating the Flory–Huggins type mixing free energy, the Landau–de Gennes type nematic free energy, and the crystal dissolution energy. Corresponding to this phase behavior, the kinematic viscosity &lt;em&gt;ν&lt;/em&gt; and the dielectric relaxation time &lt;em&gt;τ&lt;/em&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;em&gt;ε&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt; of the 5CB/DMT mixtures exhibited Eyring–Andrade type temperature dependence in the high-&lt;em&gt;T&lt;/em&gt; asymptote (in the isotropic one phase state) but positively deviated from respective high-&lt;em&gt;T&lt;/em&gt; asymptotes on cooling to &lt;em&gt;T&lt;/em&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;IN&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt; (for &lt;em&gt;w&lt;/em&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;DMT&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt; = 1.5 wt%) and/or to &lt;img&gt; (for &lt;em&gt;w&lt;/em&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;DMT&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt; = 4.5 wt%). Pure 5CB exhibited similar positive deviation but in a much narrower range of &lt;em&gt;T&lt;/em&gt; (just in a close vicinity of &lt;img&gt;). This difference between the 5CB/DMT mixture and pure 5CB was attri","PeriodicalId":103,"journal":{"name":"Soft Matter","volume":" 29","pages":" 5902-5920"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144525554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface buckling enabled soft clutch†","authors":"Zichao Dai, Tong Wang, Wei Wu, Junpeng Ma, Hang Xiao, Xi Chen and Liangliang Zhu","doi":"10.1039/D5SM00299K","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5SM00299K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Geckos in nature can shed their tails <em>via</em> autotomy to distract predators and escape, while soft robotics, despite its flexibility, lacks detachable and reconfigurable components. This work introduces a surface buckling enabled soft clutch that achieves bidirectional (normal and tangential) engagement through geometric interlocking of pre-programmed inverted trapezoidal waveforms on stretchable substrates. The clutch design leverages compressive stress-driven buckling of thin films to create reversible morphological transitions. Experimental results demonstrate that the soft clutch achieves stable tensile and shear strengths. Reduced angle between the film legs and the substrate and increased film thickness improve mechanical performance of the soft clutch. Theoretical models incorporating film buckling and geometric constraints accurately predict tensile and detachment strengths. A bio-inspired gecko robot with a clutch-connected detachable tail validated the clutch's utility: under simulated predation, pneumatic actuation enabled tail autotomy, ensuring escape of the body part.</p>","PeriodicalId":103,"journal":{"name":"Soft Matter","volume":" 26","pages":" 5337-5345"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144256869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}