Clinical nutrition ESPEN最新文献

{"title":"The effectiveness of probiotics or synbiotics in the prevention and treatment of diarrhea among critically ill adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Boshra Bagdadi, Ali Alqazlane, May Alotaibi, Ahlam Alamoudi, Laila Baghdadi, Amna MohammadMahmood, Ibrahim Al-Neami, Idrees Fageehi, Mater Salamah, Sami Majrabi","doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.11.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.11.025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Diarrhea is one of the most common complications among patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Alongside common medical products for managing diarrhea, attention has been directed toward natural approaches, such as the use of probiotics or synbiotics supplements. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of probiotics or synbiotics in the prevention and treatment of diarrhea, mortality, and length of ICU stay.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In adherence to the guidelines outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA) statement, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. Relevant articles were identified by searching PubMed, SpringerLink, and ScienceDirect databases. Quality assessment was done using Cochrane Collaboration's tool for randomized-controlled trials (ROB2).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>6305 articles were identified, of which 14 papers were included. Probiotics reduced the risk of diarrhea by 10 %; however, the result was not statistically significant [Risk Ratio (RR) = 0.90; 95 % Confidence Interval (CI): 0.77 to 1.05; P = 0.16; I² = 29 %; 13 studies]. No statistical significance was found among studies regarding reducing the duration of diarrhea, with considerable heterogeneity [RR = - 0.53; 95 % CI: -1.46 to 0.41; P = 0.27; I² = 71 %, 5 studies]. Neither the length of ICU stays nor the mortality rate was affected by the use of probiotics or synbiotics.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Probiotics or synbiotics appear to slightly reduce the incidence of diarrhea among ICU patients. However, this effect is considered statistically significant only after conducting sensitivity and subgroup analyses. Further high-quality clinical trials are required to evaluate the potential of probiotics or synbiotics in the treatment of diarrhea among critically ill patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":10352,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN","volume":" ","pages":"218-226"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142784340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decreased levels of vitamin D in Post-Corona Virus-19 Disease syndrome (PCS) patients compared to a control group.","authors":"Jens Bräunlich, Alexander Dinse-Lambracht","doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.11.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.11.023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & aims: </strong>Vitamin D deficiency is defined by most experts as a level of less than 20 ng/ml. Studies have shown a relationship between musculoskeletal pain, muscle weakness, headache, and fatigue with low vitamin D level. The term Post-Corona Virus-19 Disease syndrome (PCS) describes new, returning or ongoing symptoms more than 12 weeks after Corona Virus Disease -19 (COVID-19) infection which cannot be explained by any other disorders or illnesses. The most prominent symptoms in PCS are fatigue, headache, and attention disorders. These similarities in PCS and vitamin D deficiency leads to the hypothesis of an association. The aim of this study was to find possible differences in vitamin D levels between PCS patients and a control group without PCS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We measured vitamin D levels from April 2021 to December 2022 in 75 (2021) and 73 (2022) subjects (PCS) and compared these values with data from 2019 to 2022 in a non-PCS control group (non-PCS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found significantly lower (p < 0,05) vitamin D levels in the PCS cohort (2021: 17,04 ± 8,0 ng/ml; 2022: 17,6 ± 6,6 ng/ml) compared to all years of the non-PCS group (2019: 23,7 ± 14,7 ng/ml; 2020:22,3 ± 13,7 ng/ml; 2021: 22,4 ± 12,3 ng/ml; 2022: 22,6 ± 11,0 ng/ml). There were no significant differences in vitamin D levels within the different years of the non-PCS group and when comparing the two PCS groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of the study recorded for the first-time decreased vitamin D values in a PCS cohort compared to a control group. This raises the question of whether vitamin D deficiency influences PCS symptoms or whether they are merely the consequences of the limitations of PCS.</p>","PeriodicalId":10352,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN","volume":" ","pages":"246-248"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142766894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food consumption patterns and Framingham cardiovascular risk score among shift workers: A Nova-based approach.","authors":"Andressa Santana Serra Silva, Silvana Mara Luz Turbino Ribeiro, Sílvia Nascimento de Freitas, Fausto Aloisio Pedrosa Pimenta, George Luiz Lins Machado-Coelho, Fernando Luiz Pereira de Oliveira, Raimundo Marques do Nascimento Neto, Luiz Antônio Alves de Menezes-Júnior","doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.11.030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.11.030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the association between dietary quantity and variety, by extent and purpose of processing, and Framingham cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk score among rotating shift workers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The cross-sectional study included male shift workers. Dietary intake was assessed using a 24-h recall method conducted by trained interviewers. Food items were classified using two approaches: the first was based on the amount of food consumed in each food group. Fruits, vegetables, and legumes (FVL) intake, is classified as recommended at 400 g per day by WHO guidelines. Ultraprocessed foods (UPFs) were analyzed based on tertiles of daily caloric contribution. The second approach, the Nova dietary diversity score (DDS-Nova) assessed the variety of consumed items within each food group, assigning points for each unique item consumed, irrespective of quantity or frequency. The CVD-risk score was evaluated using the Framingham coronary heart disease risk score, categorizing participants as low risk (<5%) or intermediate to high risk (≥5%). Descriptive, univariate, and multivariate logistic regression were used, with adjustments made for age, skin color, schooling, duration of shift work, physical activity, body mass index and total caloric intake.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study involved 213 participants, with an average age of 38.67 years (±6.96), a minimum of 26 and a maximum of 60. The majority (62.4%) were between 30 and 40 years old; 49.3% identified themselves as brown; 56.8% had completed high school; and 79.3% were married. The Framingham CVD-risk score indicated that 56.2% were at low risk (<5%) and 43.7% at intermediate to high risk (≥5%). The average consumption of FVL was 272.32 g (±350.43), with 70.4% meeting the recommendation of ≥400 g/day. Participants consumed an average of 3.46 fresh food items, 3.74 minimally processed food items, 2.54 processed food items and 3.39 ultra-processed food items. In the multivariate model, consuming ≥400 g/day of FVL reduced the likelihood of cardiovascular risk ≥5% by 2.12 times (OR: 0.47; 95%CI: 0.23-0.98). Each additional item of fresh food reduced the risk by 49.2% (OR: 0.67; 95%CI: 1.01-1.66), while each additional item of ultra-processed food increased the risk by 30.0% (OR: 1.30; 95%CI: 0.52-0.87). There was no significant association between the calorie intake of ultra-processed foods and cardiovascular risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both adequate consumption of FVL quantity and a greater variety of fresh-foods were associated with a lower chance of CVD-risk, while a higher variety of consumption of UPF items increased this chance.</p>","PeriodicalId":10352,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN","volume":" ","pages":"238-245"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142766896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of breakfast skipping and sleep disorders on glycemic control, cardiovascular risk, and weight loss in type 2 diabetes.","authors":"Tatiana Palotta Minari, Carolina Freitas Manzano, Louise Buonalumi Tácito Yugar, Luis Gustavo Sedenho-Prado, Tatiane de Azevedo Rubio, Lúcia Helena Bonalumi Tácito, Antônio Carlos Pires, José Fernando Vilela-Martin, Luciana Neves Cosenso-Martin, Nelson Dinamarco Ludovico, André Fattori, Juan Carlos Yugar-Toledo, Heitor Moreno, Luciana Pellegrini Pisani","doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.11.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.11.026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & aims: </strong>Meal timing is an emerging branch of science that investigates the influence of eating patterns on the circadian rhythm and overall health. There are still discrepancies in the literature as to whether late distribution of food intake and sleep disorders could impact biochemical, anthropometric, and cardiovascular markers. The objectives of this study were firstly observe skipping breakfast and sleep disorders over 12 months. Secondarily, analyze the individual influence of these findings on changes biochemical, anthropometric, and cardiovascular markers during the same period.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This descriptive study is part of a tertiary analysis in a recently published study. This research recruited 84 participants with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) who were divided: Control-40 participants received only medical care; Intervention-44 participants received the same medical care along with nutritional assessment. Consultations occurred quarterly over 12th months, and a follow-up was conducted after 3 months. For influence analysis, non-normal variables were compared using Mann-Whitney, while normal variables were compared using unpaired t-tests. In all instances, α = 0.05 and P < 0.05 were adopted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis revealed a high percentage of patients in both groups who skipped breakfast, slept less than 6 h, and experienced nighttime awakenings during the 1st visit. By the 12th month, there was deterioration in all data in the control group and significant improvement in the intervention group. Those with sleep disturbances also had lower HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) values (p = 0.0054). For the other analyzes no significant differences were found.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Participants who skipped breakfast and had more nocturnal awakenings possibly had worse glycemic and weight control, but this difference was not statistically significant and only trends were observed. Sleep disorders could affect HDL-C levels. However, the influence analysis does not establish a causal relationship and more clinical trials are needed to analyze this topic on T2D.</p>","PeriodicalId":10352,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN","volume":" ","pages":"172-181"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142766901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolome-wide Mendelian randomization assessing the causal relationship between blood metabolites and primary ovarian insufficiency.","authors":"Yijie Chen, Jun Chen, Ji Wu, Xianguo Qu, Zhifen Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.11.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.11.013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & aims: </strong>Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a significant clinical syndrome that leads to female infertility, and its incidence continues to increase. We used metabolome-specific Mendelian randomization (MR) to identify causally associated metabolites and explore the relationship between candidate metabolites and upstream genetic variations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The primary MR analysis utilized the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method as the primary approach to assess the causal relationship between exposure and POI. Multiple sensitivity analyses included MR-Egger, weighted median, and weighted mode methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After using genetic variants as probes, we identified 27 metabolites of 278 that are associated with the risk of POI, including dodecanedioate (OR 0.052, 95 % CI 0.010-0.265; P < 0.001), adrenate (OR 0.113, 95 % CI 0.016-0.822; P = 0.031), indolepropionate (OR 0.174, 95 % CI 0.051-0.593; P = 0.005), homocitrulline (OR 0.194, 95 % CI 0.051-0.741; P = 0.016), and 3-methylhistidine (OR 0.404, 95 % CI 0.193-0.848; P = 0.017). Our study indicated the presence of heterogeneity; therefore, we employed the IVW random-effects model as the primary approach. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis identified six significant metabolic pathways, primarily including biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, linoleic acid metabolism, valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis, ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>By integrating genomics and metabolomics, this study provides novel insights into the causal relationship linking circulating metabolites and the onset of POI.</p>","PeriodicalId":10352,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN","volume":" ","pages":"331-338"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142766898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum folate levels, but not vitamin B12, are associated with slower progression in carotid intima-media thickness in a population exposed to mandatory folic acid fortification","authors":"Cecília Zanin Palchetti ,&nbsp;Natália Gomes Gonçalves ,&nbsp;Claudia Kimie Suemoto ,&nbsp;Itamar S. Santos ,&nbsp;Paulo Andrade Lotufo ,&nbsp;Isabela M. Bensenor ,&nbsp;Dirce Maria Lobo Marchioni","doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.11.034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.11.034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background&amp;aims</h3><div>Folate and vitamin B12 are vitamins involved in one carbon metabolism. Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) is a non-invasive test and an early atherosclerosis marker. The relationship between these vitamins and cIMT is not well established. This study aimed to investigate the association between baseline vitamins and cIMT changes during a median follow-up of 8 years.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Prospective cohort study involving 5061 ELSA-Brasil participants from São Paulo state aged 35–74 years at baseline. Serum folate and vitamin B12 levels and dietary intake were assessed at baseline. Ultrasound cIMT measurements were performed at baseline and wave 3. Linear mixed-effects models, adjusted for covariables, assessed the association between vitamins at baseline and changes in cIMT.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>4260 participants were included; mean (SD) age was 51.4 (8.9) years and 54.5 % were women. Folate (0.02 %) and vitamin B12 (2.6 %) deficiencies were almost nonexistent. Participants in the 4th quartile of serum folate had a slower cIMT increase during 8 years of follow-up than those in the 1st quartile (1st vs. 4th quartile comparison: β (95 % CI): −0.015 (−0.026; −0.004), <em>P</em>: 0.006 for model 3). These findings remained the same after sensitivity analysis for overall dietary supplements and specifically multivitamins use. No association was found between vitamin B12 biomarker and the outcome. Dietary folate intake was also not associated with cIMT changes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In this population exposed to mandatory folic acid food fortification, prevalence of vitamins deficiencies was very low. Highest quartile of serum folate seemed to slow down the increment of cIMT measurements over time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10352,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN","volume":"65 ","pages":"Pages 144-151"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142754561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary supplementation use for outpatient treatment in children: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Em Canh Pham ,&nbsp;Tuong Vi Le Thi ,&nbsp;Thanh Chi Le ,&nbsp;Tien Minh Nguyen ,&nbsp;Nam Tran Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.11.033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.11.033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Dietary supplements (DSs) are commonly used supplements among children to support disease treatment, however, overuse and inappropriate prescription of outpatient DS can negatively affect health and treatment costs. This study aimed to evaluate DS use in outpatient treatment in children.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The present study used a cross-sectional descriptive retrospective method based on data from 188,579 outpatient prescriptions of children for 1 year.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>DSs were commonly prescribed in pediatric patients ≤5 years old (63.48 %) with diagnosing respiratory, infectious, and gastrointestinal diseases (&gt;50 %). DS costs account for a high proportion (24.86 %) of total outpatient prescription costs. In addition, pediatric prescriptions containing one DS product (88.16 %) showed a higher rate than prescriptions containing two DS products (11.84 %) with the main ingredients being vitamin D₃ (80.55 %), vitamin B₆ (63.01 %), vitamin B₁ (60.22 %), and vitamin B₂ (59.04 %), and calcium (51.0 %). The majority of DS products contained multivitamins (69.52 %) with DS containing ≥5 vitamins of 59.04 % and DS containing 2–4 vitamins of 10.48 %. Besides, non-compliance with DS prescribing guidelines for age (21.38 %), dose (14.13 %), and both age and dose (5.54 %) was found primarily in highly prescribed DSs (vitamin-amino acid-mineral ingredients), pediatric patients &lt;2 years old, prescriptions containing one DS product or multivitamins, and respiratory disease group (J and R04-09 ICD). The univariate and multivariate regression analyses showed that vitamin-mineral products and groups &lt;2 years old were significantly associated with guideline-adherent DS prescribing for age and/or dose. Meanwhile, foreign DSs and vitamin-mineral ingredients of prescription showed significant associations with guideline-adherent DS prescribing for age or dose.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Instructions for DS use regarding recommended age and maximum dosage may not be carefully considered by doctors due to belonging to an over-the-counter medicine group. Therefore, there is a strong need for a national public policy to prevent and control overprescribing and inappropriate prescribing of DS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10352,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN","volume":"65 ","pages":"Pages 152-161"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142754645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of percentage of time spent above different glucose levels on 90 days mortality of critically ill patients - A retrospective cohort study","authors":"Liran Statlender ,&nbsp;Eyal Robinson ,&nbsp;Allon Grossman ,&nbsp;Hadar Duskin-Bitan ,&nbsp;Tzippy Shochat ,&nbsp;Moran Hellerman Itzhaki ,&nbsp;Guy Fishman ,&nbsp;Pierre Singer ,&nbsp;Ilya Kagan ,&nbsp;Itai Bendavid","doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.11.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.11.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Glycemic control is a major concern during critical illness. Several prospective studies have yielded conflicting results regarding its mortality effect. Current recommendations are to initiate insulin therapy for all patients when glucose levels are higher than 180 mg/dL. Some suggest decreasing this threshold for non-diabetic patients to 140 mg/dL. These thresholds haven't been compared to each other or to other glucose thresholds. This study aimed to find out whether different glucose levels are associated with 90-d mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective cohort study. Critically ill patients who were admitted from 2019 to 2022 to a mixed medical-surgical intensive care unit for more than 48 h were included. Collected data included baseline characteristics, and all glucose levels recorded (time-indexed to the admission time). Glucose levels were considered constant until the following glucose level. The percentage of time above several chosen glucose cutoff levels was calculated and analyzed for mortality adjusted to other baseline covariates.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>45,512 glucose measurements of 1429 patients were included in the study; 21.76 % of the patients had diabetes. Mean glucose level and glucose variability were higher in diabetic patients (165.86 mg/dL vs 135.47 mg/dL, p &lt; 0.0001, and 30.81 % vs 20.86 %, p &lt; 0.0001, respectively), along with a higher incidence of hypoglycemia (40.84 % vs 24.89 %, p &lt; 0.001). 90-d mortality was higher in diabetic patietns (42.12 % vs 32.41 %, p = 0.0014) and was found associated with age, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation 2 score, medical or surgical admission reasons. Percentage of time above cutoffs ≥150 mg/dL was associated with 90-d mortality only in non-diabetic patients.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In non-diabetic patients, hyperglycemia greater than 150 mg/dL, was associated with increased 90-day mortality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10352,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN","volume":"65 ","pages":"Pages 118-125"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142738663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of breakfast skipping on esophageal health: A mendelian randomization study","authors":"Jiaming Lei ,&nbsp;Ling Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.11.028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.11.028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background &amp; aims</h3><div>Previous studies have indicated that, in addition to the types of food consumed, eating habits are also associated with the risk of esophageal diseases. Some studies have suggested a possible link between breakfast skipping and esophageal tumors as well as gastroesophageal reflux disease. However, it remains unclear whether breakfast skipping has a causal relationship with esophageal diseases. To address this issue, this study aimed to investigate the potential causal relationship between breakfast skipping and esophageal diseases using a two-sample mendelian randomization (MR) approach.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We obtained data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) involving 193,860 individuals from the UK Biobank on breakfast skipping. The summary statistics for the esophageal diseases were derived from the IEU open GWAS project. In this two-sample MR analysis, inverse variance weighted was used, supplemented with weighted median, simple mode and weighted mode methods.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results revealed significant causal relationships between breakfast skipping and esophageal cancer (odds ratio (OR): 5.992, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.606–22.350, p = 0.008), Barrett's esophagus (OR: 4.041, 95 % CI: 1.837–8.889, p &lt; 0.001), gastroesophageal reflux disease (OR: 2.463, 95 % CI: 1.995–3.041, p &lt; 0.001), and esophageal varices (OR: 4.454, 95 % CI: 1.785–11.112, p = 0.001). All of the supplementary methods supported the findings.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our research provides evidence for the association between breakfast skipping and esophageal diseases. Breakfast skipping could be a potential risk factor for esophageal cancer, Barrett's esophagus, gastroesophageal reflux disease and esophageal varices. For high-risk groups prone to these esophageal diseases, emphasizing the importance of regular breakfast and maintaining consistent dietary habits is crucial for esophageal health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10352,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN","volume":"65 ","pages":"Pages 86-92"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142738661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High penetrance and phenotypic landscape of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase c.665 C>T polymorphism in the absence of folate fortification","authors":"Srilatha Kadali ,&nbsp;Ananthaneni Radhika ,&nbsp;Yadam Reddy Kanaka Durga Devi ,&nbsp;Jagadeesh Babu Sreemanthula ,&nbsp;Gopi Palakonda ,&nbsp;Tajamul Hussain ,&nbsp;Shaik Mohammad Naushad","doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.11.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.11.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Studies have linked the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) c.665C &gt; T (rs1801133) with hyperhomocysteinemia. Mandatory folate fortification nullified this association. However, its relevance persists in regions with no folate fortification resulting in a relatively low frequency of this variant in healthy population. This study explored the MTHFR variant's association with 50 clinical manifestations in the absence of folate fortification.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We performed mutation analysis via whole exome and Sanger sequencing in 2431 cases and 1265 healthy controls and the food frequency-based dietary folate intake assessment.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The cohort's average dietary folate intake was 373 ± 141 μg/day. MTHFR rs1801133 variant demonstrated ≥4.49-fold increased risk for respiratory distress, recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), ischemic stroke, autism, global developmental delay, dysplasia, myoclonic jerks, intellectual disability, aggressive behavior, motor delay, Alzheimer's, cerebellar atrophy, failure to thrive, cerebral atrophy, increased tendon reflexes, and spasticity (p &lt; 0.0001). MTHFR T-allele showed 1.81–4.04 folds increased risk for mental retardation, behavioral problems, dystonia, anemia, gait abnormality, hypotonia, recurrent pneumonia, liver disease, cerebral palsy, short stature, hyperactivity, and cognitive decline. The association of this variant with seizures was moderate (OR: 1.51, 95 % CI: 1.13–2.02, p = 0.009). MTHFR TT-genotype was associated with a 5.81-fold risk for the abnormal phenotype (95 % CI: 1.39–24.28, p = 0.005). MTHFR T-allele was associated with low 25-hydroxy vitamin D, Ferritin, TIBC, and elevated total cholesterol.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The MTHFR rs1801133 increases the risk for RPL, developmental milestones, neuronal development, autism, ischemic stroke, and late-onset neurological functions. The MTHFR TT-genotype is strongly associated with abnormal phenotypes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10352,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN","volume":"65 ","pages":"Pages 126-133"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142743968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}