Clinical nutrition ESPEN最新文献

{"title":"High protein intake in formula-fed term infants: Abridged republication of the cochrane systematic review","authors":"Alejandro G. Gonzalez-Garay ,&nbsp;Aurora E. Serralde-Zúñiga ,&nbsp;Liliana Velasco Hidalgo ,&nbsp;Mathy Victoria Alonso Ocaña ,&nbsp;Fernando Estrada-Moya ,&nbsp;Isabel Medina Vera","doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.03.038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.03.038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Many infants receive formulas to support growth, some of which contain high protein (≥2.5 g per 100 kcal) to increase weight gain. The risk-benefit of these formulas is unclear. This review evaluated high-protein formula (HPF) versus standard-protein formula (SPF) and low-protein formula (LPF) in healthy, formula-fed term infants to prevent undernutrition, obesity, and adverse events.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase and other databases without language restrictions. Cochrane Collaboration tool and GRADE instrument assessed the risk of bias of randomized controlled trials and certainty of their evidence. We performed random-effects meta-analyses, calculating risk ratios (RR) and mean differences (MD) with 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI) for the outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We included 11 trials (1185 infants) and found very low-certainty evidence that HPF versus SPF had little or no effect on underweight, stunting, and wasting (MD weight-for-age z-score 0.05 standard deviations (SDs), 95 % CI −0.09 to 0.19; P = 0.51; height-for-age 0.15 SDs, 95 % CI −0.05 to 0.35; P = 0.14). HPF versus SPF had little or no effect on overweight or obesity at five years (RR 1.26, 95 % CI 0.63 to 2.51; P = 0.51). Very low-certainty evidence indicated SPF versus LPF had little or no effect on underweight, stunting, and wasting. HPF versus SPF or LPF may have little or no effect on adverse effects in the first year.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We are unsure if HPF versus SPF influences undernutrition or obesity, and there may be little difference in the risk of adverse effects between formulas. Ongoing studies may change these conclusions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10352,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN","volume":"67 ","pages":"Pages 476-492"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143729053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary butyric acid intake, kidney function, and survival: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 2005–2018","authors":"Wei Tang ,&nbsp;Zhengyi Long ,&nbsp;Yang Xiao ,&nbsp;Jingyun Du ,&nbsp;Chenyuan Tang ,&nbsp;JunXiang Chen ,&nbsp;Can Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.03.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.03.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Although preclinical data support the hypothesis that butyric acid supplementation improves kidney health, the clinical significance of dietary butyric acid intake in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains unconfirmed in large-sample studies. This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary butyric acid intake and all-cause mortality in the United States population, stratified by kidney function.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We examined the relationship between dietary butyric acid intake, assessed through a 24-h dietary recall, and all-cause mortality among 23,008 consecutive adult participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES, 2005–2018), categorized by impaired versus normal kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate &lt;60 vs ≥ 60 mL/min/1.72 m²), using multivariable Cox models. We also employed a restricted cubic spline based on Cox regression models to elucidate the nonlinear relationship between dietary butyric acid intake and mortality in patients.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>In participants with impaired kidney function, high dietary butyric acid intake was associated with lower mortality, while lower intake levels (reference) showed no such association: adjusted HRs (aHRs) were 0.67 (95 % CI: 0.45, 1.00), 0.65 (95 % CI: 0.45, 0.94), and 0.58 (95 % CI: 0.38, 0.89) for intake levels of the square root of butyric acid 0.25–0.45, 0.45–0.75, and &gt;0.75 g/day, respectively. However, in participants with normal kidney function, no association between butyric acid levels and mortality was observed. Additionally, we identified an L-shaped association between the levels of the square root of dietary butyric acid intake and all-cause mortality in the CKD population, reaching a plateau at 0.52 g/day (butyric acid intake of approximately 0.27 g/day).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study revealed a nonlinear association between high dietary butyric acid intake and reduced all-cause mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease. A plateau occurs after 0.27 g/day, and for individuals with CKD whose butyric acid intake is below approximately 0.27 g/day, increasing a butyrate-rich diet or supplementing with butyric acid preparations may help prevent progression to renal failure and associated adverse outcomes in CKD patients, thereby reducing mortality. Therefore, it can be considered a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of chronic kidney disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10352,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN","volume":"67 ","pages":"Pages 453-462"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143729050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria can predict a long-term prognosis among community-onset pneumonia.","authors":"Nobuhiro Asai, Wataru Ohashi, Hideo Kato, Mao Hagihara, Hiroshige Mikamo","doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.03.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.03.020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Despite advances in rapid diagnostic tests and antibiotic therapy, pneumonia remains as the leading cause of infection death worldwide. There are few reports documenting a long-term prognosis among patients with pneumonia. We hypothesize that nutritional status could impact a long-term prognosis among pneumonia patients.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>We reviewed all community-onset pneumonia patients admitted to our institute between 2014 and 2017 to examine whether the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria could predict the patients' outcome for a 5-year survival rate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 406 patients were enrolled in the study, and the 5-year mortality rate was 36%. We analyzed prognostic factors for long-term survival among community-onset pneumonia. Male gender, severe malnutrition status by the GLIM criteria, higher controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score (>6), higher Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) score (>3), and usage of carbapenems as the initial treatment were poor prognostic factors by univariate analysis. Of these 5, cox progressive hazard analysis showed that severe malnutrition status by the GLIM criteria [hazard ratio (HR) 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.45-3.22, p<0.001], higher CCI score (HR 1.76, 95%CI 1.26-2.47, p<0.001), higher CONUT score (HR 1.82, 95%CI 1.29-2.57, p=0.001) were independently poor prognostic factors. Usage of carbapenems as the initial treatment (HR 1.39, 95%CI 0.53-1.11, p=0.077) was not, but almost significant. Malnourished patients, according to the GLIM criteria, had a significantly shorter overall survival time than those without malnutrition (p<0.001 by Long-Ranktest).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Malnutrition, according to the GLIM criteria, could predict 5-year survival among patients with community-onset pneumonia.</p>","PeriodicalId":10352,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143728543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and prognostic value of global leadership initiative on malnutrition (GLIM) phenotypic cachexia criteria in cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Chattarin Pumtako,&nbsp;Ross D. Dolan,&nbsp;Donald C. McMillan","doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.03.044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.03.044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria provide a framework for evaluating cachexia in cancer patients, yet variability in diagnostic application hinders its use. The aim of the present study was to examine the prevalence and prognostic value of GLIM phenotypic criteria in patients with cachexia cancer.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This review adhered to a pre-defined protocol. A comprehensive search of PubMed and EMBASE databases was conducted using specific keywords up to June 12, 2024. Titles and abstracts were screened for relevance, and eligible full-text studies focused on the phenotypic criteria of the GLIM framework and their impact on overall survival OS in adult cancer patients. Studies with fewer than 100 patients or lacking OS data were excluded.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 477 studies identified 82 met the inclusion criteria (114,458 patients). Lung cancer was the most studied tumour type, followed by gastrointestinal and head and neck cancers. Within the GLIM framework, the prevalence of weight loss (WL) &gt; 5 %, BMI &lt;18.5, BMI &lt;20.0, and lower muscle mass (LMM) were 34.21 %, 10.02 %, 9.51 %, and 41.89 %, respectively. Of the 82 studies, WL, BMI, and LMM were reported in 62 (75.6 %), 57 (69.5 %), and 16 (19.5 %) studies respectively and meta-analysis showed significant associations between phenotypic criteria and OS, with hazard ratios (HR) of 1.56 (1.24; 1.95), 1.18 (1.08; 1.28), and 2.03 (1.32; 3.12) respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The present systematic review and meta-analysis highlights the prevalence and prognostic value of GLIM phenotypic criteria in patients with advanced cancer. The limitations of BMI as a phenotypic criterion is clear. Future studies should prioritize and standardise WL measurement and muscle mass assessment within the GLIM framework.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10352,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN","volume":"67 ","pages":"Pages 387-397"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143729055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TIAMAT- towards an interdisciplinary automated malnutrition screening tool","authors":"N. Ilves,&nbsp;K. Muhhamedjanov,&nbsp;A. Lõhmus,&nbsp;A. Merilo,&nbsp;P. Kool,&nbsp;A. Forbes","doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.03.037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.03.037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Malnutrition remains a major problem in the world's hospitals, and although nutrition screening (such as by Nutrition Risk Screening NRS-2002) improves detection and management, it has proved difficult to ensure that this is routinely performed. There is a case for automated approaches that are independent of staff time. As common laboratory tests such as serum albumin are not considered markers of malnutrition, they are not included in screening tools, but it is possible that combinations of tests would predict malnutrition, and probable that high risk patients would be identified.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We studied 300 unselected consenting internal medicine patients recently admitted to a university hospital. We determined NRS-2002, Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) and Subjective Global Assessment (SGA). No additional interventions were performed. The laboratory database was searched for investigations already performed. The dataset was split randomly into 200 for training and 100 for validation. The primary endpoint was an algorithm to predict SGA (Towards Interdisciplinary Automated MAlnutrition screening Tool - TIAMAT). Blood results for which there were data from at least 60 % of patients were selected; dimensionality was checked with factor analysis, and a multivariate logistic model using stepwise regression was formed. The predictions of SGA from NRS-2002 and MUST were compared with those from the newly created score.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Simple haematological and biochemical tests had been performed in all patients. To predict SGA (none <em>vs</em> moderately/severely malnourished) the training set yielded a score with an optimal sensitivity of 71 % (95 % CI 58–81 %), specificity 81 % (70–89), positive predictive value (PPV) 79 % (66–88) negative predictive value (NPV) 73 % (62–83) and AUC 0.81 (0.74–0.88). In the validation cohort - in which missing data were imputed with the relevant median – TIAMAT had sensitivity of 60 % (44–75) specificity of 75 % (62–86), PPV 65 % (48–79), NPV 72 % (59–83) and AUC 0.77 (0.69–0.82) compared with MUST ≥2 for which sensitivity was 63 % (47–77), specificity 91 % (81–97), PPV 84 % (67–95), NPV 76 % (65–86) and AUC 0.80 (0.72–0.89), and NRS-2002 for which sensitivity was 93 % (81–99), specificity 91 % (81–97), PPV 89 % (76–96), NPV 95 % (85–99) and AUC 0.92 (0.86–0.97).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Composites of standard laboratory data form a potential alternative to current screening methods, the results of which could be displayed to all data viewers without any human intervention. This could facilitate and thus improve the efficacy of screening by extending it to the entire hospital population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10352,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN","volume":"67 ","pages":"Pages 321-328"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) inflammation criteria to predict survival in patients with advanced cancer: A prospective cohort study","authors":"Chattarin Pumtako ,&nbsp;Ross D. Dolan ,&nbsp;Marie Fallon ,&nbsp;Erin S. Sullivan ,&nbsp;Claribel Pl Simmons ,&nbsp;Aoife M. Ryan ,&nbsp;Josh McGovern ,&nbsp;Derek G. Power ,&nbsp;Barry J. Laird ,&nbsp;Donald C. McMillan","doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.03.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.03.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria provides a framework for assessing cachexia in cancer patients. However, the role of systemic inflammation in this framework needs further exploration.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study analyzed a cohort of 388 advanced cancer patients from 18 oncological care settings. C-reactive protein (CRP), the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) were used to assess systemic inflammation. Associations between these inflammatory markers and Weight Loss (WL), Body Mass Index (BMI), Skeletal Muscle Index (SMI), and survival outcomes (OS) were evaluated using Chi-square and Kaplan–Meier survival analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>CRP was significantly associated with ECOG-PS (p &lt; 0.01), and WL (p &lt; 0.05). mGPS was significantly associated with ECOG-PS (p &lt; 0.001), WL (p &lt; 0.001), and BMI (p &lt; 0.05). NLR was significantly associated with ECOG-PS (p &lt; 0.05), WL (p &lt; 0.001), and BMI (p &lt; 0.05). CRP (p &lt; 0.001), mGPS (p &lt; 0.001), NLR (p &lt; 0.001), WL (p &lt; 0.001), and SMI (p &lt; 0.05) were significantly associated with OS, but not BMI (p = 0.23). Combining CRP, mGPS, NLR, with WL, BMI, and SMI significantly improved OS prediction. WL was significantly associated with OS in patients with NLR&lt;3 (p &lt; 0.05) but not in CRP≤10 mg/L or mGPS = 0. SMI was significantly associated with OS in patients with mGPS = 0 (p &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Systemic inflammation, as assessed by CRP, mGPS and NLR, significantly improves the relationship between phenotypic criteria and OS. These findings support the GLIM framework's inclusion of systemic inflammation as a critical factor. Given its strong predictive value, systemic inflammation should be prioritized in routine clinical assessments of cancer patients, with mGPS having greater prognostic value within the GLIM framework.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10352,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN","volume":"67 ","pages":"Pages 344-352"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Durability of surgically versus endoscopically placed jejunostomy tubes in non-oncology patients – A single centre experience over 10 years","authors":"Ahmad Nasasra ,&nbsp;Richard J. Hackett ,&nbsp;Priya Nandoskar ,&nbsp;Frederick H. Koh ,&nbsp;Simon Gabe ,&nbsp;Suzanne Donnelly ,&nbsp;Richard Holman ,&nbsp;Carolynne J. Vaizey ,&nbsp;Janindra H. Warusavitarne ,&nbsp;Akash M. Mehta","doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.03.048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.03.048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Jejunal access is indicated in patients with impaired oral intake or gastroparesis who require enteral nutrition or medication delivery. There are various approaches to establishing jejunal access; including radiological, endoscopic and surgical methods. This study aims to evaluate the complication and re-intervention rates between endoscopic and surgical placement of jejunal tubes (JT).</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>We retrospectively collected data on patients undergoing surgical or endoscopic placement of JT at a single centre over a ten-year period (2011–2021). We analysed the following information: age, gender, underlying pathology necessitating the JT placement, significant co-morbidities as well as the following outcome data: rates of tube occlusion, dislodgement and need for re-admission and re-intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were 165 patients included in the cohort. Of these, 96/165 underwent endoscopic placement either using Direct Percutaneous Endoscopic Jejunostomy (DPEJ) (14/96) or through Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy with Jejunal Extension (PEG-J) (82/96), and the remaining 69/165 underwent surgical placement either via a surgical flange (SF) tube (45/69) or the surgical Witzel (SW) technique (18/69). Idiopathic gastroparesis as an indication for JT placement (including Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome patients) affected 63.8 % of the surgical and 42.7 % of the endoscopic cohorts. At mean follow up of almost 17 months, the overall need for re-intervention, JT dislodgment and JT occlusion were 32.4 %, 8.8 % and 14.7 % in the surgical cohort, versus 62.8 %, 25.5 % and 27.7 % in the endoscopic cohort (p values of 0.0002, 0.0075 and 0.057, respectively). Individual re-intervention rates were 38.9 % for SW, 31.1 % for SF, 61 % for PEG-J and 64.3 % for DPEJ.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Surgical siting of JT demonstrates significantly reduced dislodgement rates, and requirement for re-intervention in the long-term as compared to endoscopic JT placement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10352,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN","volume":"67 ","pages":"Pages 447-452"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143729051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between dietary potassium intake and cognitive function among older adults: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Yun Zhao ,&nbsp;Wei Li ,&nbsp;Binglin Yang,&nbsp;Dongxu Zhai,&nbsp;Hui Xu,&nbsp;Xia Liu,&nbsp;Shushan Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.03.034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.03.034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study investigated the association between dietary potassium intake and cognitive function in older adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a cross-sectional observational study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014. A total of 2555 participants, aged 60 years and older, were included in the analysis. Dietary potassium intake was estimated by averaging two 24-h dietary recalls. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), which measures processing speed. We applied multivariate logistic regression models to examine the relationship between potassium intake and cognitive function.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the 2555 participants included from NHANES 2011–2014, those in the highest quartile of potassium intake (Q4) demonstrated significantly better cognitive function compared to those in the lowest quartile (Q1) (OR = 0.542, 95 % CI: 0.378–0.778, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) in the fully adjusted model. The relationship between dietary potassium intake and cognitive function in U.S. adults was found to be nonlinear (<em>p</em> for nonlinear = 0.028). In univariate analysis, as dietary potassium intake increased, the risk of suffering from cognitive decline or abnormalities decreased (OR (Q2) = 0.592; OR (Q3) = 0.401; OR (Q4) = 0.34; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). In statistically significant subgroup analyses, it was also found that people with high dietary potassium intake were at less risk of cognitive impairment or abnormalities than those with low dietary potassium intake (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Higher dietary potassium intake may reduce the risk of cognitive decline or abnormalities in older adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10352,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN","volume":"67 ","pages":"Pages 427-434"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143729049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of oral nutritional supplements administration on the management of children with picky eating and underweight: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Julia Iwańska ,&nbsp;Łukasz Pskit ,&nbsp;Agata Stróżyk,&nbsp;Andrea Horvath,&nbsp;Sonia Statuch,&nbsp;Hania Szajewska","doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.03.039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.03.039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background &amp; aims</h3><div>Feeding difficulties, including picky eating and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), are common in children and can result in inadequate nutrient intake, poor growth, and even undernutrition. Oral nutritional supplements (ONS) are specialized high-calorie, nutrient-rich products that are commonly recommended in clinical practice to help improve growth outcomes in children with feeding difficulties. This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ONS in managing children with ARFID and/or picky eating alongside dietetic consultation (DC).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We systematically searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, and EMBASE from 2000 to March 2024 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the use of ONS (regardless of type and dosage) to any comparator in children of any age with ARFID or picky eating. The primary outcome was growth (reported using any measures) during the intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We summarized 5 RCTs involving 874 randomised children with picky eating and underweight. All RCTs assessed the use of ONS with DC compared to DC only. In three RCTs, there was an increase in weight, weight-for-height and weight-for-age in the ONS + DC group compared to the control group. Inconsistencies were noted with regard to height and Body Mass Index (BMI). Adverse events were reported in all RCTs, with no difference found between groups at 90 days (meta-analysis of three RCTs; relative risk [RR] = 0.92, 95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.71 to 1.20, I² = 17 %, n = 573) and at 180 days (1 RCT; RR = 1.16, 95 % Cl 0.85 to 1.59, n = 35) in the ONS + DC group compared to the control group. Fewer children with upper respiratory tract infections were found in the ONS + DC group compared to the DC only group in a meta-analysis of two RCTs (RR = 0.62, 95 % Cl, 0.42 to 0.91, n = 359, I² = 0 %; number needed to harm [NNH] = 10.4). In all RCTs, adherence to pre-specified ONS intake was assessed as high.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>This systematic review provides moderate evidence supporting the combined use of ONS and DC in managing picky eating and underweight in children. However, further research is needed to assess long-term outcomes and to better understand the potential benefits and risks of this approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10352,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN","volume":"67 ","pages":"Pages 257-264"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of defatted rice bran-fortified bread on gut microbiome, cardiovascular risk, gut discomfort, wellbeing and gut physiology in healthy adults with low dietary fibre intake","authors":"Hwei Min Ng ,&nbsp;Jasjot Maggo ,&nbsp;Catherine L. Wall ,&nbsp;Simone B. Bayer ,&nbsp;Jane A. Mullaney ,&nbsp;Diana Cabrera ,&nbsp;Karl Fraser ,&nbsp;Janine M. Cooney ,&nbsp;Catrin S. Günther ,&nbsp;Warren C. McNabb ,&nbsp;Meika Foster ,&nbsp;Chris Frampton ,&nbsp;Richard B. Gearry ,&nbsp;Nicole C. Roy","doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.03.045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.03.045","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background &amp; aims&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Inadequate dietary fibre (DF) intake is associated with suboptimal gut function and increased risk of several human diseases. Bread is commonly consumed and is ideal to incorporate cereal bran to increase DF content. No human studies have investigated the effects of defatted rice bran (DRB) in bread, which has triple the DF of white bread, purported hypo-allergenicity and a unique nutrient profile, as a dietary intervention in healthy adults. This study aims to assess the relative abundances of a composite of key faecal microbial genera and species involved in DF fermentation and metabolism following the habitual intake of DRB-fortified bread and its influence on other biological markers of host and microbial interactions, cardiovascular risk profile, patient-reported outcomes, total DF intake, and gut physiology in healthy adults with low baseline DF intake.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Fifty-six healthy adults with low baseline DF intake (&lt;18 g/day (females), &lt;22 g/day (males)) completed a two-arm, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomised, crossover study. Participants consumed three (females) or four (males) slices of DRB-fortified bread or control bread daily as part of their usual diet for four weeks, with the intervention periods separated by a two-week washout. Outcomes included faecal microbiota composite (primary outcome); relative abundances (taxa and gene); faecal moisture content and bile acid concentrations; plasma and faecal organic acid concentrations; cardiovascular risk profile; gut comfort, psychological wellbeing parameters; total DF intake; whole gut transit time, and were measured at baseline and following each intervention phase. Additionally, in a sub-study, 15 participants ingested gas-sensing capsules to assess whole and regional gut transit times, and total and regional colonic hydrogen and carbon dioxide concentrations at the same timepoints.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;DRB-fortified bread consumption significantly increased total DF intake from 20.7 g/day to 43.4 g/day (p &lt; 0.001). No significant differences were observed in the primary outcome, microbial taxa composite within and between groups (False Discovery Rate (FDR) correction, p &gt; 0.10). As compared to control, the DRB group had increased relative abundances of &lt;em&gt;Faecalibacterium prausnitzii&lt;/em&gt; (unadjusted p = 0.04), &lt;em&gt;Bifidobacterium longum&lt;/em&gt; (unadjusted p = 0.12), and &lt;em&gt;Bacteroides ovatus&lt;/em&gt; (unadjusted p = 0.10); lower relative abundances in &lt;em&gt;Coprococcus&lt;/em&gt; genus (unadjusted p = 0.09), &lt;em&gt;Roseburia faecis&lt;/em&gt; (unadjusted p = 0.02) and &lt;em&gt;Prevotella copri&lt;/em&gt; species (unadjusted p = 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in the relative abundances of these taxa within and between groups (FDR correction p &gt; 0.10) and for most of the other outcomes between groups (p &gt; 0.05). Only mean serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations signific","PeriodicalId":10352,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN","volume":"67 ","pages":"Pages 362-376"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143699816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}