Clinical and Translational Allergy最新文献

{"title":"A Link Between Allergy and Hematological Malignancies? Focus on Possible Mechanisms and the Potential Role of Biological Therapies","authors":"Stefania Isola,&nbsp;Luca Gammeri,&nbsp;Federica Nuccio,&nbsp;Alessandro Allegra,&nbsp;Giorgio Walter Canonica,&nbsp;Sebastiano Gangemi","doi":"10.1002/clt2.70146","DOIUrl":"10.1002/clt2.70146","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Immune dysregulation has been widely recognized in the international literature as an underlying condition for hematological malignancies and allergic disorders. This commonality has led researchers to study the potential association, positive or negative, between blood cancers and allergy, but the results remain unclear. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying allergic inflammation appear to have dual effects on immune surveillance, potentially positively or negatively influencing carcinogenesis in solid tumors. The same mechanisms may also play a role in the genesis of hematological malignancies, but there is little evidence in the literature to support this. In our review, we explored the possible link between the immune pathways involved in allergic responses and the mechanisms underlying hematological malignancies, focusing on Th2 responses, the activity of inflammatory cells, cytokines, and the emerging role of alarmins. Furthermore, our review aims to assess the association between biologics and the risk of neoplastic disease, with a focus on hematological malignancies. A deeper understanding of shared immune dysregulation pathways and the interactions between various cell types could lead to new preventive or therapeutic approaches for patients with hematological malignancies. Understanding the complex roles of various cellular and molecular mediators of Th2 inflammation in stimulating or inhibiting tumor growth could be a key goal of future research, paving the way for innovative targeted therapies, especially at a time when immunotherapy and monoclonal antibody therapies are increasingly important and effective.</p>","PeriodicalId":10334,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Translational Allergy","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/clt2.70146","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147431212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Adrenaline Devices for Treating Anaphylaxis: Results of a Joint Survey From the European Anaphylaxis Registry and the Allergy-Vigilance Network","authors":"Guillaume Pouessel,&nbsp;Sabine Dölle-Bierke,&nbsp;Lea Faust,&nbsp;Dominique Sabouraud-Leclerc,&nbsp;Yasemin Karaca-Altintas,&nbsp;Margitta Worm","doi":"10.1002/clt2.70162","DOIUrl":"10.1002/clt2.70162","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adrenaline auto-injectors (AAI) are underused to treat anaphylaxis. New adrenaline devices are currently under investigation or have been recently marketed. This survey aimed to assess the perspectives from allergy-trained physicians regarding the AAI use and their expectations about new adrenaline devices.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This electronic survey was created by the European Anaphylaxis Registry and Allergy-Vigilance Network. It was proposed to their participants (March–April 2025) who were asked to rank their responses on a 11-point Likert scale (0: ‘not important’ to 10: ‘very important’). Results are presented as median with interquartile range.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>One hundred and seventy-five physicians (allergists, 59.4%) participated in this survey. There were only few barriers to AAI prescriptions. Up to 65% of participants estimated the following features as very important for new adrenaline devices: prolonged shelf life (9 [7–10]), improved storage conditions (9 [5–9]), detailed pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic data (8 [7–10]), optimised dose ranging (8 [7–10]), availability in public spaces (8 [7–10]), devices easy to carry (8 [7–9]), needle-free device (8 [6–10]). A history of anaphylaxis treated with &gt; 1 adrenaline injection (7 [4–9]) or admitted to intensive care unit (7 [3–8]) were reported as the most important barriers to use new adrenaline devices. 75% of participants felt that recommendations from allergy societies and more clinical data are important measures to reduce barriers to new adrenaline devices.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our data provide insights from allergy-trained physicians into AAI limitations and expectations on new adrenaline devices. To advance them, input from allergy societies and more clinical data from anaphylaxis patients are needed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10334,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Translational Allergy","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12967222/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147372329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into Api m 10-Isoforms and Splice Variants: More Than One Major IgE-Binding Epitope","authors":"Kathrin Elisabeth Paulus-Tremel,&nbsp;Michelle Beatrice Wolff,&nbsp;Natalija Novak,&nbsp;Nicola Wagner,&nbsp;Alisa Landgraf,&nbsp;Stefan Schülke,&nbsp;Thomas Holzhauser,&nbsp;Vera Mahler","doi":"10.1002/clt2.70151","DOIUrl":"10.1002/clt2.70151","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Honey bee venom (HBV) often triggers severe IgE-mediated allergies. The major allergen icarapin (Api m 10) has attracted attention due to low occurrence in some HBV immunotherapy products. Despite being a major allergen, little is known about the Api m 10 structure and IgE-binding regions. This study aimed to characterize its IgE-binding epitopes and structure in more detail.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overlapping Api m 10-specific peptides covering the sequences of the 11 known Api m 10-isoforms and variants were synthesized and spotted on microarray slides (15 amino acids (AA), off-set: 4 AA). Sera from 28 HBV-allergic patients with detectable Api m 10-specific IgE were used to characterize the distinct IgE-binding profiles to all Api m 10-variants. Sera from ten Api m 10-immunized BALB/c mice were used to investigate possible shared epitopes between humans and mice. All Api m 10-variants were investigated for secondary structural elements via circular dichroism spectroscopy and potential aggregation via dynamic light scattering.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We identified 7 different linear IgE-binding motifs. All 28 patients' sera displayed IgE-binding to one specific area (present in Api m 10-isoforms 1 and 2 and putative splice variants 3, 4, 6), indicating a major IgE-epitope. IgE-inhibition provided evidence that the major epitope makes up less than 50% of the total IgE-binding capacity, suggesting that additional (most likely conformational) IgE-epitopes play an important role in Api m 10-sensitization. Api m 10-specific murine IgG and human IgE both predominantly bind to seven different AA-motifs, of which six are identical between both species. Api m 10-isoforms 1 and 2 displayed secondary structural elements and appeared to be aggregated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The structural, clinical and preclinical insights into Api m 10 and its immunodominant epitopes gained in this study provide substantial insights for the future development of active and passive VIT as well as further treatment approaches.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10334,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Translational Allergy","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12965849/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147369049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Prebiotic Allergy: An Evaluation of Basophil Activation Induced by Galacto-Oligosaccharides","authors":"Si Yuan Leow,&nbsp;Hongmei Wen,&nbsp;Jian Yi Soh,&nbsp;Wen Chin Chiang,&nbsp;Youjia Zhong,&nbsp;Elizabeth Huiwen Tham,&nbsp;Wenyin Loh,&nbsp;Si Hui Goh,&nbsp;Dianne J. Delsing,&nbsp;Bee Wah Lee,&nbsp;Chiung-Hui Huang","doi":"10.1002/clt2.70150","DOIUrl":"10.1002/clt2.70150","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;To the Editor,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are composed of one to seven galactose units linked to a glucose unit. They are enzymatically produced prebiotics supplemented widely in commercial infant milk formulas and dairy beverages for their health benefits. However, cases of allergic or anaphylactic reactions to GOS have been limited to Southeast Asian countries, including Singapore [&lt;span&gt;1, 2&lt;/span&gt;], suggesting potential regional predisposing factors like genetic or environmental cofactors [&lt;span&gt;3, 4&lt;/span&gt;]. In Singapore, &lt;i&gt;Blomia tropicalis&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;Blo t&lt;/i&gt;), one of the most prevalent house dust mite species predominantly found in tropical and subtropical regions, is the putative primary sensitizer for GOS allergy [&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;]. Unlike conventional protein or glycoprotein allergens, GOS allergens are carbohydrates with molecular weight less than 2 kDa [&lt;span&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;]. In this study, we review our current understanding and provide new findings to address how GOS trigger basophil activation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;GOS allergy presents as a typical IgE-mediated food allergy, characterised by the rapid onset of type I hypersensitivity symptoms, following ingestion of GOS-supplemented products [&lt;span&gt;1, 2&lt;/span&gt;]. GOS-allergic patients demonstrate IgE sensitization to GOS, with positive skin prick tests and detectable GOS-specific IgE in plasma [&lt;span&gt;3, 6&lt;/span&gt;]. Moreover, indirect basophil activation tests (iBAT) revealed that wortmannin, a phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase inhibitor, diminished GOS-induced basophil activation in donor basophils passively sensitized with plasma from GOS-allergic subjects [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. To confirm that GOS triggers basophil activation via IgE binding to FcεRI, we present here results of iBAT using omalizumab, an anti-IgE monoclonal antibody that blocks the binding of IgE to Fcε receptor. Basophils from atopic subjects without GOS allergy were stripped of surface IgE and passively sensitized with GOS-specific IgE from GOS-allergic patients' plasma, with or without preincubation with omalizumab. GOS-induced basophil activation was observed in basophils re-sensitized with GOS-allergic patient's plasma, but not in basophils that resensitization with omalizumab treated plasma (Figure S1). Collectively, these findings substantiate the notion that GOS allergy is IgE-mediated.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The mechanism by which low molecular weight GOS cross-links IgE and activates basophils remains unclear. Low molecular weight allergens such as penicillin require binding to carrier proteins in plasma to activate basophils [&lt;span&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;]. Our previous studies explored whether carrier proteins in serum or cell surface proteins may facilitate basophil activation. We showed that GOS activates basophils independent of serum proteins [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;], and galectins (lectins that bind &lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt;-galactoside sugars) [&lt;span&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To evaluate whether other cellular membrane proteins are involved in GOS-induced basophil activation, we re","PeriodicalId":10334,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Translational Allergy","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12962392/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147364045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An International Delphi Study on Barriers to On-Demand Treatment of Hereditary Angioedema Attacks","authors":"Aleena Banerji,&nbsp;Emel Aygören-Pürsün,&nbsp;Noemi-Anna Bara,&nbsp;Jonathan A. Bernstein,&nbsp;Stephen Betschel,&nbsp;Laurence Bouillet,&nbsp;Paula J. Busse,&nbsp;Teresa Caballero,&nbsp;Mauro Cancian,&nbsp;Danny M. Cohn,&nbsp;Timothy Craig,&nbsp;Henriette Farkas,&nbsp;Anete Sevciovic Grumach,&nbsp;Michihiro Hide,&nbsp;Sorena Kiani-Alikhan,&nbsp;Hilary J. Longhurst,&nbsp;William R. Lumry,&nbsp;Marc A. Riedl,&nbsp;Marcin Stobiecki,&nbsp;Anna Valerieva,&nbsp;Andrea Zanichelli","doi":"10.1002/clt2.70159","DOIUrl":"10.1002/clt2.70159","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare inherited disorder characterized by unpredictable and potentially life-threatening attacks of swelling. This international Delphi panel aimed to address questions related to on-demand treatment of HAE attacks.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A modified Delphi method was conducted with three rounds of surveys. Two non-voting co-chairs designed and managed the surveys, data collection, and analysis with a third-party administrator. The international panel consisted of 19 expert HAE clinicians. Consensus was defined as ≥ 75% agreement with ≥ 75% of panelists voting.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The panel confirmed 24 statements across five key areas related to on-demand treatment: defining “early” treatment, barriers to early administration, burden of treatment, tolerability and convenience, and patient–clinician interactions. Panelists defined early treatment as ≤ 60 min after onset of an HAE attack. Obstacles to early treatment include recognition of an HAE attack, and embarrassment/anxiety about administering parenteral treatment. Access to on-demand treatment (i.e., carrying medication, cost, insurance coverage, regulatory approval) can be a burden for patients with HAE, and increasing access may improve adherence to guidelines. Logistical obstacles of parenteral administration that impact convenience, tolerability concerns (e.g., side effects), and cost of medication can all limit early use of on-demand treatment. Additional options for on-demand therapies beyond parenteral treatments could reduce some of the burdens. Panelists agreed that patient–physician shared decision-making should be utilized.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Delphi consensus statements demonstrate the need for accessible and convenient on-demand treatments for HAE attacks that will enable patients with HAE to improve adherence to guidelines.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10334,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Translational Allergy","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12960019/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147354156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allergy to Cats: Current Perspectives and Therapeutic Options","authors":"Pascal Demoly,&nbsp;Myriam Zakariya,&nbsp;Ignacio Dávila,&nbsp;Giuseppe Scibilia,&nbsp;Valeria Ortolani,&nbsp;Javier Domínguez-Ortega,&nbsp;Karl-Christian Bergmann,&nbsp;Philippe Gevaert,&nbsp;Alain Didier","doi":"10.1002/clt2.70152","DOIUrl":"10.1002/clt2.70152","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma caused by cat dander have a highly variable prevalence across countries, which can reach 30% of the population in some regions. Cat allergens are widely distributed in the environment, making exposure nearly unavoidable, even in non-cat-owning households. Eight cat allergens have been identified, with Fel d 1 and Fel d 4 being particularly associated with the development and severity of asthma. Symptoms can range from mild nasal and eye symptoms to severe asthma exacerbations, with many patients experiencing polysensitization to other allergens. Management usually begins with allergen avoidance and pharmacotherapy, but these approaches are often insufficient. Allergen immunotherapy (AIT), both sublingual (SLIT) and subcutaneous (SCIT), offers a disease-modifying strategy, though allergen potency, composition, standardization issues, and low prescription rates limit its use. AIT formulations that include allergens beyond Fel d 1, such as Fel d 4, show promise in improving cat-induced asthma and rhinitis outcomes. Additionally, novel approaches for antigen presentation or combination therapies with monoclonal antibodies may enhance the effectiveness and safety of AIT. To increase treatment success, personalized care using component-resolved diagnostics to identify sensitization profiles and better education for both physicians and patients are essential in the broader adoption of cat AIT.</p>","PeriodicalId":10334,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Translational Allergy","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12956482/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147347613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"T-Cell Populations in Infancy After Maternal Probiotic Supplementation to Prevent Atopic Dermatitis","authors":"Dinastry Pramadita Zakiudin,&nbsp;Anne Dorthea Bjerkenes Rø,&nbsp;Vibeke Videm,&nbsp;Gunnhild Vatne Leirvik,&nbsp;Marte Høen Lein,&nbsp;Torbjørn Øien,&nbsp;Melanie Rae Simpson","doi":"10.1002/clt2.70161","DOIUrl":"10.1002/clt2.70161","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the randomised, controlled study Probiotics in the Prevention of Allergy amongst Children in Trondheim (ProPACT), maternal probiotics given from 36 weeks pregnancy until 3 months post-delivery while breastfeeding reduced atopic dermatitis (AD) in the offspring. Previous analysis of T helper (Th) subsets indicated that the preventive effect may be partially mediated through reduced Th22 percentage at 3 months of age.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To examine the longitudinal effects of maternal probiotics on Th1, Th2, Th17, Th22, and regulatory T cells (Treg) in offspring at 10 days and 2 years of age compared to the previously published 3 months results.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pregnant women (<i>n</i> = 415) were randomised to take probiotic milk (<i>Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG</i>, <i>Bifidobacterium animalis subsp</i>. <i>lactis Bb-12</i> and <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5</i>) or placebo, and their offspring were assessed for AD at 2 years. We analysed the children's blood collected at 10 days (<i>n</i> = 112) and 2 years (<i>n</i> = 156) for Treg and Th subsets using flow cytometry and included the results from the previously analysed 3 months samples (<i>n</i> = 76) in the same study to compare the three timepoints using linear mixed models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There were no statistically significant differences between T cell populations of the children in the probiotics and placebo groups at 10 days and 2 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We previously observed reduced Th22 percentage in the probiotics group at 3 months. However, since the effect was not seen earlier and did not last, it may not be the main reason for AD prevention.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10334,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Translational Allergy","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12945665/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147302991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Oral Immunotherapy With Pasteurized Egg White in Egg-Allergic Children Under 2 Years of Age","authors":"Silvia Karina Carrión Sari,&nbsp;Luis Martínez-Lostao,&nbsp;Carlos Colás Sanz,&nbsp;María Teresa Sobrevía Elfau","doi":"10.1002/clt2.70155","DOIUrl":"10.1002/clt2.70155","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;To the Editor:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In Europe, the overall raw incidence of egg allergy in the first 2 years of life is 0.84% (0.78% in Spain) [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. Few publications are available on the safety of oral immunotherapy (OIT) in young children [&lt;span&gt;2-4&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Our objective was to assess the possibility of desensitization after OIT with pasteurized egg white in patients under 2 years of age with egg allergy. This was a prospective observational analytical study in which children under 2 years of age with IgE-mediated egg allergy were recruited and received OIT with pasteurized liquid egg white (Huevos Guillén S.L.).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Children attending the Allergology Department of the Hospital Clínico Lozano Blesa in Zaragoza, Spain, were recruited. All patients who met the inclusion criteria were included consecutively. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Autonomous Community of Aragón and informed consent was obtained from both parents.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Inclusion criteria were history of immediate reaction (&lt; 1h) after ingestion of egg; IgE &gt; 0.35 kU/L and/or skin prick test (SPT) wheal ≥ 3 mm to at least 1 egg fraction (egg white, yolk, ovalbumin or ovomucoid); and a positive oral food challenge (OFC) with boiled egg. OFC was performed on all patients except those with a history of anaphylactic reaction (diagnosed according to Sampson's criteria [&lt;span&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;]) or ≥ 2 immediate reactions in the last 3 months. SPT and determinations of specific IgE (sIgE), specific IgG4 (sIgG4), and sIgE/total IgE ratio were performed at T1 (baseline), at T2 (end of dose escalation phase), and at T3 (6 months after T2).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;During the induction phase, increasing doses of pasteurized egg white were administered weekly in the hospital (Supporting Information S1: Table S1). The final dose was 30 mL of egg white (3300 mg of protein, the amount of egg white in a medium-sized egg). Between the increments, the dose tolerated in the clinic was repeated daily at home until the next visit. An OFC with natural raw egg was performed during the T2 visit to verify total desensitization. The maintenance phase, lasting 6 months, consisted of administration of the total dose (30 mL) on alternate days for a period of 15 days, followed by ingestion of 1 egg prepared in different ways (boiled, scrambled, baked, etc.), including undercooked preparations (mayonnaise, mousse, etc.) at least 3 times a week, until the T3 follow-up visit. Adherence was monitored by parental reporting.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A total of 31 patients were recruited, 17 (54.8%) females and 14 (45.2%) males. Mean age at presentation of the first symptom was 9.6 months (SD 2.48). Median age at the start of OIT was 14 months (range 9–26). Median age at diagnosis was 11 months (IQR: 3.71). Fifteen (48.39%) patients had a history of atopic dermatitis; 11 (35.48%) patients had previously presented wheezing. Eleven (35.48%) patients had a history of other food allergies, and 15 (53.57%) had a family history of aller","PeriodicalId":10334,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Translational Allergy","volume":"16 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12945664/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147302891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food Allergy Diagnosis in Early Childhood: Journey Mapping Study With Parents and Pediatricians","authors":"Madlen Hörold,&nbsp;Magdalena Rohr,&nbsp;Christian Apfelbacher,&nbsp;Susanne Brandstetter","doi":"10.1002/clt2.70158","DOIUrl":"10.1002/clt2.70158","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Food allergy (FA) in early childhood can be challenging for families, even before a diagnosis is made, as parents often experience anxiety and have to change their routines. Research integrating parental and pediatrician perspectives during the pre-diagnostic phase is scarce. This study aimed to develop a journey map illustrating the FA pre-diagnostic process in early childhood from both perspectives. We triangulated 30 transcripts (16 parent interviews; 11 interviews and three focus groups with pediatricians) from two qualitative studies within the Food Allergy Biomarker Application Consortium (NAMIBIO App) using qualitative content analysis and data visualization. Four phases emerged: (non-)awareness, suspicion, healthcare seeking, and diagnostics. Parents were often unaware of FA risks, even with risk factors present. Pediatricians hesitated to address FA risk proactively, due to lacking specific guideline recommendations and concerns about triggering parental health-related anxiety. Both parents and pediatricians mentioned gaps in communication between pediatricians and midwives. During the suspicion phase, families searched for information or adjusted feeding practices while symptoms were often vague. Healthcare seeking often involved lengthy referrals. Pediatricians reported knowledge gaps among colleagues regarding FA. In the diagnostic phase, parents perceived delays in diagnosis; pediatricians mentioned limited resources, particularly for oral food challenges. Integrating both perspectives revealed shared concerns and different views on how to improve the process. Key intervention points to improve the pre-diagnostic process include clear, up-to-date guidelines, risk communication and improved interdisciplinary collaboration to reduce uncertainty and promote parental confidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":10334,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Translational Allergy","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12928114/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146257453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural Killer Cell Dysfunction Causes Eosinophil Accumulation in Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps","authors":"Yohei Sato,&nbsp;Daiki Nakashima,&nbsp;Natsuki Inoue,&nbsp;Erika Osada,&nbsp;Tomomitsu Hirota,&nbsp;Yasuhiro Tsunemi,&nbsp;Nobuyoshi Otori,&nbsp;Mamoru Yoshikawa,&nbsp;Mayumi Tamari,&nbsp;Tsuguhisa Nakayama","doi":"10.1002/clt2.70156","DOIUrl":"10.1002/clt2.70156","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;To the Editor&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), a chronic nasal and sinonasal inflammatory disease, is characterized by nasal obstruction, nasal discharge, and olfactory disturbances persisting for more than 12 weeks [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. Notably, although CRSwNP is predominantly characterized as a type 2 inflammation, it may involve mixed inflammatory endotypes, including type 1 and 3 inflammation, with notable regional differences in endotype composition [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;]. Whereas natural killer (NK) cell dysfunction may contribute to eosinophil proliferation in CRSwNP, the lack of immune phenotype and gene expression profiles of nasal polyp (NP)-derived NK cells currently limits further characterization [&lt;span&gt;3, 4&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Recently, NK cells have been considered regulators of allergic reactions in atopic dermatitis [&lt;span&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;], and transcriptomic profiles of atopic skin-derived immune cells have revealed a distinct subtype of atopic dermatitis based on eosinophil infiltration, with dual blockade of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 enhancing NK cell signatures [&lt;span&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;]. Furthermore, the innate NK–eosinophil immune crosstalk has shown that NK cells can suppress eosinophils through NKp46 and NKp30 upon activation [&lt;span&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;]. Reportedly, CRSwNP-derived NK cells exhibit reduced expression of functional receptors [&lt;span&gt;8&lt;/span&gt;]. Herein, we performed transcriptomic analysis and immune cell profiling to investigate the interactions between NK cells and eosinophils, focusing in particular on NK cell phenotype and function. Furthermore, to assess the eosinophil apoptosis induction by NK cells, we co-cultured these two cell types.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Collagenase digestion was used to isolate immune cells from freshly harvested surgical NP samples of multiple donors (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 26), and cells were sorted and analyzed by flow cytometry (Figure 1A–C; Supporting Information S1: Figure S1; Supporting Information S2: Table S1). Through unbiased clustering, eosinophil-high (Eos&lt;sup&gt;high&lt;/sup&gt;)- and eosinophil-low (Eos&lt;sup&gt;low&lt;/sup&gt;)-infiltrated NPs were grouped, with the eosinophil vector being the predominant factor (Figure 1D,E). NP subtype was determined based on eosinophil percentage (Eos&lt;sup&gt;high&lt;/sup&gt;-infiltrated NPs: 36% ± 9%, Eos&lt;sup&gt;low&lt;/sup&gt;-infiltrated NPs: 8% ± 6%; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.0001), and it was found that the percentages of other immune cells were reduced in Eos&lt;sup&gt;high&lt;/sup&gt;-infiltrated NPs (Figure 1F). Whereas the proportions of T-cells, NK cells, and neutrophils significantly reduced, the proportions of B-cells or monocytes in Eos&lt;sup&gt;high&lt;/sup&gt;-infiltrated NPs did not significantly reduce (Supporting Information S1: Figure S2). Moreover, we detected notable differences in the whole-transcriptome profiles of NK cells, which differed in Eos&lt;sup&gt;high&lt;/sup&gt;- and Eos&lt;sup&gt;low&lt;/sup&gt;-infiltrated NPs (Figure 2A). Interestingly, compared with those in Eos&lt;sup&gt;low&lt;/sup&gt;-infiltrated NPs, Eos&lt;sup&gt;high&lt;/sup&gt;-infiltrated NPs","PeriodicalId":10334,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Translational Allergy","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/clt2.70156","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146212384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}