Chronobiology International最新文献

{"title":"Circadian biology and sexual offending: A hypothesis integrating chronobiological rhythms with Routine Activity Theory.","authors":"Pragnesh Parmar, Gunvanti Rathod","doi":"10.1080/07420528.2026.2736877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2026.2736877","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human behavior is temporally organized by endogenous circadian systems and by environmental and social schedules. Sexual motivation, sleep-wake regulation, endocrine function, cognition, and affective processes show time-dependent variation, while criminological research demonstrates that sexual offenses are also distributed non-randomly across hours, days, months, and seasons. Nevertheless, temporal clustering of sexual offending cannot be interpreted as evidence that biological rhythms cause criminal behavior. This hypothesis paper integrates chronobiological principles with Routine Activity Theory to propose a multilevel framework in which biological timing may act as a potential background modulator of neurobehavioral state, while social routines, environmental exposure, substance use, target availability, and guardianship determine the opportunity for offending. Recent evidence supports circadian regulation of reproductive physiology and demonstrates associations between sleep disruption and endocrine function, whereas evidence linking circadian biology specifically to sexual offending remains indirect. Human sexual activity itself is strongly influenced by social schedules and partner availability and may not coincide with the timing of endocrine peaks. Sleep-related sexual behavior, including sexsomnia, provides an important contrasting phenomenon: it is a parasomnia involving involuntary sexual behavior during sleep and has forensic relevance, but it should not be conflated with ordinary circadian variation or intentional sexual offending. Criminological studies using temporal and circular-statistical methods demonstrate reproducible patterns in sexual offenses at hourly and seasonal scales, supporting the inclusion of time as an analytical variable. We therefore propose a Chronobiology-Routine Activity Interaction Model in which temporal biological states and environmental opportunity may converge without implying causation or biological determinism. The framework is hypothesis-generating and requires prospective research combining high-resolution crime data, physiological measures, sleep/circadian phenotyping, environmental variables, and individual-level behavioral information.</p>","PeriodicalId":10294,"journal":{"name":"Chronobiology International","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149015740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Daily light-dark exposure patterns and depressive symptoms in U.S. adults: Findings from NHANES 2011-2014.","authors":"Xinyue Lu, Yinhan Li, Xingyan Xu, Ying Ma, Hong Hu, Huangyuan Li, Siying Wu","doi":"10.1080/07420528.2026.2730547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2026.2730547","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To investigate the associations of objectively measured daytime and nighttime ambient light exposure with depressive symptoms in U.S. adults to explore whether selected liver-related biomarkers statistically accounted for part of these associations. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 7,556 adults from NHANES 2011-2014. Ambient illuminance was measured in lux using wrist-worn ActiGraph GT3X+ devices. Daytime (07:30-19:30) and nighttime (00:00-05:30) windows were defined from the population-level 24-h light profile. Depressive outcomes were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and analyzed as probable depression (PHQ-9≥10) and as a continuous score. Multivariable logistic and linear regression models were used to estimate associations, and interaction terms were examined for effect modification. Exploratory mediation analyses evaluated alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). Compared with participants in the lowest quartile, those in the highest quartile of daytime light exposure were associated with lower odds of probable depression (OR = 0.67, 95%CI: 0.52-0.86) and lower PHQ-9 scores (β = -0.58, 95%CI = -0.86 -0.30). Conversely, the highest quartile of nighttime light exposure was associated with higher odds of probable depression (OR = 1.44, 95%CI: 1.14-1.83) and higher PHQ-9 scores (β = 0.60, 95%CI: 0.32-0.88). Age modified the association between daytime light exposure and probable depression, with a stronger inverse association among adults aged>50 y (nominal P interaction = 0.002; FDR-adjusted <i>p </i>= 0.016). Exploratory analyses identified small potential indirect pathways through ALP and GGT for daytime light exposure. Brighter daytime light exposure was associated with lower odds of probable depression and lower PHQ-9 scores, whereas brighter nighttime light exposure showed the opposite pattern. The daytime association was stronger among adults aged > 50 y. Exploratory analyses suggested small potential indirect pathways through ALP and GGT, but prospective studies are needed to establish temporality and underlying mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":10294,"journal":{"name":"Chronobiology International","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148988242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating human-smartphone interactions and actigraphy in digital phenotyping of obesity and depression: Social-physical coherence algorithm development and validation study.","authors":"Chen Lin, Hai-Hua Chuang, Hsiang-Chih Chang, I-Ming Chen, Tien-Yu Chen, Yu-Hsuan Lin","doi":"10.1080/07420528.2026.2723200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2026.2723200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Circadian misalignment is associated with obesity and depression, yet few tools directly quantify the alignment between physical and social activity. We developed social-physical coherence, a digital-phenotyping measure defined as the magnitude-squared coherence between wrist-actigraphy physical activity and smartphone-derived social activity at the circadian (~24-hour) frequency, indexing how closely the two rhythms are aligned. In 135 adults (mean age 43.8 ± 12.3 years; 65.2% female; 42.2% with a history of major depression; 18.5% with obesity), physical and social activity were recorded for at least four weeks (3,973 person-days), and rest-activity rhythm indices - including interdaily stability (IS) - were computed from both data streams. Social-physical coherence correlated positively with app-derived IS (IS_app; <i>r</i> = 0.51-0.64 across 1-6 weeks). Higher coherence and IS_app were associated with lower body mass index during weeks 2-4 (β =  -0.22 to -0.25), remaining significant after Benjamini-Hochberg correction and after adjustment for sleep duration and chronotype; actigraphy-derived IS was not, and among all rhythm indices only IS_app paralleled this relationship. Coherence was uncorrelated with social jetlag, and no measure was associated with depressive symptoms. Social-physical coherence, derived from digital phenotyping of physical and social activity, is inversely associated with obesity but not depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":10294,"journal":{"name":"Chronobiology International","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148988248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between adherence to 24-hour movement guidelines and parameters of the rest-activity rhythm among preschool-aged children: An exploratory analysis.","authors":"Xiao-Qi Huang, Jie Feng, Wendy Yajun Huang","doi":"10.1080/07420528.2026.2732187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2026.2732187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This exploratory cross-sectional secondary analysis examined associations between 24-hour movement behaviors and rest-activity rhythm (RAR) among preschoolers using baseline data from 84 children aged 3.0-5.9 years in a randomized controlled trial. Accelerometer data were processed using R package GGIR to derive time-use composition and cut-point-free metrics (average acceleration and intensity gradient). RAR was characterized by relative amplitude (RA), inter-daily stability (IS), intra‑daily variability (IV), and the circadian function index (CFI). In generalized linear models adjusted for age, sex, body mass index z-score, parental education level, and the number of valid accelerometer wear days, with false discovery rate (FDR) correction, more sedentary behavior relative to other behaviors was associated with lower IS (β =  -0.185; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.281, -0.089), higher IV (β = 0.249; 95% CI: 0.117, 0.380), and lower CFI (β =  -0.252; 95% CI: -0.338, -0.166). In contrast, more light-intensity physical activity was associated with lower IV (β =  -0.324; 95% CI: -0.547, -0.100), and higher CFI (β = 0.239; 95% CI: 0.111, 0.368). Higher average acceleration was associated with higher CFI (β = 0.005; 95% CI: 0.002, 0.008). These preliminary findings suggest that higher relative light‑intensity physical activity and lower relative sedentary behavior were associated with healthier RAR in preschoolers. These potential associations warrant further investigation in future confirmatory studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":10294,"journal":{"name":"Chronobiology International","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148982004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronobiological distribution and psychometric properties of the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire in a population from Ecuador close to zero latitude.","authors":"David Balseca-Bolaños, Karla Pérez-Lalama, Ana León Tapia, Frank Viteri-Bazante, Marco Gamboa Proaño","doi":"10.1080/07420528.2026.2729547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2026.2729547","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire developed by Horne and Östberg has long been used to assess chronotype preferences in people worldwide. However, many of the questionnaire's validations have been conducted in countries located at latitudes far from the equatorial line, rather than in regions where the light-dark cycle is more constant, such as Ecuador. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the chronobiological distribution and psychometric properties of the questionnaire in the city of Quito, Ecuador, a region situated close to latitude zero. To this end, a descriptive analysis of chronotype distribution was conducted on the full sample (<i>N</i> = 800), revealing that the majority of participants were classified as Intermediate (Neither Type) or Morning types. Furthermore, an Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis was performed, resulting in a reduction to three main factors: morningness (items 11, 15, 18 and 19), activation (items 2, 10, and 12), and bedtime preference (items 3, 4, 7, and 13). However, despite the robustness of the model, there were issues with internal consistency across factors, low convergent validity, and null test-retest reliability. Finally, the study discusses the importance of this type of research on chronobiological preferences in countries near latitude zero.</p>","PeriodicalId":10294,"journal":{"name":"Chronobiology International","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148943808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti‑cancer effects of the circadian clock modulating compound SR9009 in chordoma cell lines.","authors":"Ahmet Hakan Görkay, Muhammed Ümeyr Fettah, Sude Naz Çataltepe, Çağla Nur Tüten, Yasemin Bilen, Enes Durak, Furkan Ayaz, Esra Aydemir","doi":"10.1080/07420528.2026.2732189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2026.2732189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Originating from notochord remains, chordoma is a rare, chronic, low-grade axial skeletal cancer that is characterized by metastasis and adjacent tissue invasion, as well as a high risk of treatment resistance. Surgical intervention is the most common method used for treatment followed by radiotherapy to avoid the relapse of the tumor. Targeting the proteins involved in tumor-associated pathways is crucial since alternative drugs are required for the cure. The nuclear receptor REV-ERBα, a member of the circadian rhythm family, has elevated expression levels, which function as a tumor suppressor. SR9009 is a pyrrole-derived specific agonist that target REV-ERBα negatively regulates autophagy in cancer and induce apoptosis in a caspase-dependent manner and shown antitumor activity in several cancer models. Chordoma cells were treated with SR9009, and functional assays including colony formation, viability, and migration were tested. In addition, molecular docking analyses were performed to predict the interaction of SR9009 with proteins involved in migration, colony formation, proliferation were targeted. SR9009 reduced viability of chordoma cells in a concentration-dependent manner while sparing HNPCs, and 30 µM was selected as an effective concentration for subsequent experiments. At this concentration, SR9009 markedly inhibited chordoma cell migration and strongly suppressed colony formation in both CH22 and MUG-Chor1 cells. Molecular docking predicted high-affinity binding of SR9009 to PI3K, Akt1, Wnt3, β-catenin, and Nanog, suggesting potential interference with signaling networks implicated in chordoma cell proliferation and survival. Our findings indicate that SR9009 exerts robust anti-cancer effects in chordoma cell lines and highlight SR9009 as a promising candidate for further preclinical evaluation in chordoma. The involvement of circadian clock-related and associated signaling pathways in these effects remains putative and warrants mechanistic validation in future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":10294,"journal":{"name":"Chronobiology International","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148943824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of the Korean version of the Sleep, Circadian Rhythms, And Mood (SCRAM) questionnaire.","authors":"Seockhoon Chung, Mohd Ashik Shahrier","doi":"10.1080/07420528.2026.2732186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2026.2732186","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to develop the Korean version of the Sleep, Circadian Rhythms, and Mood (SCRAM) questionnaire and to evaluate its reliability and validity. An online survey was conducted among the general population between 16 June and 24 June 2025. Of the 600 respondents, 528 were analysed. Exploratory factor analysis was performed on Sample I (N = 265), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on Sample II (N = 263). The item-response theory (IRT) framework, including the Rasch model and graded response model, was employed to examine the item-level properties. Convergent validity was assessed using the Insomnia Severity Index, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Glasgow Sleep Effort Scale, Adaptive Cognition and Behaviors About Sleep-6, the DBST index, and sleep indices. Exploratory factor analysis supported a three-factor structure of Good Sleep, Morningness, and Depressed Mood. CFA supported a good model fit for the three-factor structure of the SCRAM (CFI = 0.987, TLI = 0.985, RMSEA = 0.062, and SRMR = 0.049). Under the IRT framework, the SCRAM questionnaire demonstrated good psychometric properties across its three latent dimensions. The internal consistency of each factor of the Korean version of the SCRAM was good, with Cronbach's alpha values of 0.876, 0.873, and 0.924, respectively. The alpha of the total 15 items was 0.698. The SCRAM also showed good convergent validity with other rating scales and sleep indices. The Korean version of the SCRAM and its three factor structure demonstrated good reliability and validity for assessing sleep, circadian rhythms, and mood states.</p>","PeriodicalId":10294,"journal":{"name":"Chronobiology International","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148943795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Daily and seasonal sleep patterns among school students.","authors":"Lalremruati Jongte, Amit Kumar Trivedi","doi":"10.1080/07420528.2026.2732183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2026.2732183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sleep is a fundamental part of the body's daily cycle. It is essential for proper physical development, emotional strength, performance, and to maintain mental functioning. Insufficient or poor sleep quality is a common problem in adolescents that affects learning, memory, and school performance. Despite previous studies focused on correctional studies on sleep among the human population, research tracking the same participants continuously across different seasons to understand how sleep patterns change over the seasons is limited. Further, most studies of adolescent sleep patterns are conducted in low-altitude regions, whereas this study focuses on students living at a moderately high altitude. This altitudinal gradient makes this population biologically diverse. Given the importance of sleep for students, this study aimed to determine daily and seasonal sleep patterns among ongoing school students. The study included 456 school students (216 male and 240 female). The seasonal sleep patterns were conducted over the four months: March, June, September, and December. Different self-administered questionnaires were used in the study, and their sleep/wake patterns were recorded using an armband actigraphy. The results show that neither type (NT) dominated the study population. Participants of the evening type (ET) show poor sleep quality, more daytime sleepiness, and higher self-rating depression level. The study identified that gender-based differences exist in the self-rated depression levels and daily sleep/wake patterns, and significant delays in bedtime and get-up time were observed among male participants. Significant differences were identified across the four times of the year in the different sleep parameters, suggesting seasonal fluctuations. Gender-based differences were observed in bedtime, get-up time, time in bed, and wake after sleep onset. These findings likely represent the first documented reports from populations residing at relatively moderately high altitudes and may provide a useful reference for the development of educational and health-related policies for school students.</p>","PeriodicalId":10294,"journal":{"name":"Chronobiology International","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148929201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smartphone-based digital phenotyping of sighted non-24-h sleep-wake disorder: A 258-d continuous circadian monitoring study.","authors":"Tien-Yu Chen, Tsung-Hua Lu, Hsiang-Chih Chang, Yu-Hsuan Lin","doi":"10.1080/07420528.2026.2712429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2026.2712429","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diagnosing Non-24-h Sleep-Wake Disorder (N24SWD) in sighted individuals remains difficult due to the need for long-term, high-resolution monitoring of circadian rhythms. While actigraphy and dim-light melatonin onset (DLMO) are considered gold standards, their extended use is often impractical and compliance-intensive. We present a 258-d continuous assessment using smartphone-based digital phenotyping, which unobtrusively inferred sleep-wake patterns from passive smartphone interaction data using the app-count algorithm and Tudor-Locke rules. Specifically, the Rhythm app passively logged time-stamped human-smartphone interaction events-screen on/off, notifications, and the application in use-rather than accelerometry, aggregated into non-overlapping 5-min epochs scored as sleep or wake by the absence or presence of interaction. Results were validated against 109 d of actigraphy and 7 d of dynamic DLMO sampling, showing strong concordance. Because this metric reflected human-smartphone interaction rather than a second accelerometer stream, the nearly identical circadian periods from smartphone (25.16 h) and actigraphy (25.11 h) indicate that interaction-based phenotyping can independently recover the long-term free-running period. Smartphone-based tracking offers a practical, low-burden alternative for long-term circadian monitoring in N24SWD.</p>","PeriodicalId":10294,"journal":{"name":"Chronobiology International","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148911005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diurnal variation in subjective states and cognitive performance: Empirical evidence from laboratory and real-world work settings.","authors":"Zikan Deng, Chenze Zhang, Xinhai Liu, Menghu Chen, Meng Fan, Siyu Li, Guofu Zhou, Taotao Ru","doi":"10.1080/07420528.2026.2729548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2026.2729548","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study systematically examined temporal dynamics in subjective states and cognitive performance using time‑of‑day protocols in both laboratory and real work settings. Twenty-four participants completed the field study and twenty‑one participants completed the laboratory study, with their self-reported sleepiness, vitality and mood being assessed at seven time points (08:30 h, 09:30 h, 11:00 h, 13:40 h, 14:30 h, 16:00 h, 17:30 h) and performance on sustained attention, executive inhibition and working memory being measured at six time points (08:30 h, 09:30 h, 11:00 h, 14:30 h, 16:00 h, 17:30 h). Results showed a significant time-of-day effect in subjective sleepiness and vitality, with a notable post-lunch decline (13:40 h-14:30 h) being more pronounced in real work environment. Subjective mood rendered more pronounced diurnal variations in natural settings, with positive mood being significantly lower at 16:00 h compared to 08:30 h and 09:30 h. Regarding cognitive performance, sustained attention showed optimal performance in the morning, whereas better working memory was observed in the afternoon, and executive inhibition showed minimal diurnal variation. Overall, cognitive performance exhibited greater variability in the real work environment than in the laboratory. The differences in finding between the laboratory and real work setting and the practical recommendations for optimizing subjective well-being and work efficiency in workplace have been discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":10294,"journal":{"name":"Chronobiology International","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148905183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}