Clinical and Experimental Optometry最新文献

{"title":"Five-year changes in retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in the adult population: a population-based cohort study.","authors":"Hassan Hashemi, Mehdi Khabazkhoob, Samira Heydarian, Mohammad Hassan Emamian, Akbar Fotouhi","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2410879","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2410879","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Distinguishing between the pathological thinning of the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and age-related reduction requires a comprehensive understanding of the longitudinal changes in RNFL thickness within a healthy population.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>To determine five-year changes in RNFL thickness and associated factors in people aged 45-69 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This report pertains to the second and third phases of the Shahroud Eye Cohort Study. Participants were recruited by a multi-stage cluster sampling in Shahroud, Iran. Data on demographic details, visual acuity, non-cycloplegic refraction, and slit-lamp biomicroscopy were collected. High-definition optical coherence tomography was employed for retinal imaging.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,524 eyes from 908 participants were examined. The average RNFL thickness was 92.2 ± 8.5 (95% CI: 91.6 to 92.8) and 93.1 ± 8.7 μm (95% CI: 92.5 to 93.7) in the first and second phases with a five-year mean change of 0.95 ± 4.15 μm (95% CI: 0.70 to 1.20). The RNFL thickness mean changes in the superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal quadrants were 2.51 ± 7.86 (95% CI: 2.01 to 3.02), 2.93 ± 7.39 (95% CI: 2.56 to 3.29), -0.53 ± 6.15 (95% CI: -0.84 to -0.21), and -1.01 ± 4.67 μm (95% CI: -1.27 to -0.75), respectively. The five-year changes in average RNFL thickness were inversely correlated with axial length (β = -0.69, <i>p</i> < 0.001), mean keratometry (β = -0.37, <i>p</i> = 0.017), and baseline RNFL thickness (β = -0.617, <i>p</i> < 0.001). In hyperopic individuals, the increase in average RNFL thickness (β = 0.65, <i>p</i> = 0.012) was significantly greater than in those with emmetropia. Macular volume (β = 1.65, <i>p</i> < 0.001) showed a direct association with five-year changes in average RNFL thickness.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Over 5 years, RNFL thickness changes were clinically insignificant in the normal population. The mean RNFL thickness seems to remain stable unless there is ocular disease. However, increased axial length and steeper keratometric readings were linked to RNFL thinning. Those with thicker RNFL measurements were at higher risk of thinning over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"706-714"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142388516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retinopathy of prematurity screening: can the examination time be reduced?","authors":"Sabit Kimyon, Alper Mete, Sevim Ayça Seyyar","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2410025","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2410025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a significant cause of childhood blindness. Screening examinations that maintain accuracy, while improving the experience for families, could increase adherence to follow-up and decrease workload.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Traditional ROP screening examinations are known to be uncomfortable for babies and stressful for parents. A new strategy is proposed and tested for the accuracy of the outcome and the time taken.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this new screening strategy, the examiner performs a complete retinal examination on the first visit. If the area and stage of the nasal and temporal retinal regions are similar or the stage of the temporal half is worse, only the posterior pole and temporal half of the retina are evaluated at subsequent visits. A retrospective patient file review was conducted to compare the new proposal with accepted methods. ROP examination time was compared prospectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The data of 57 consecutive patients treated for ROP were evaluated. The ROP zone was the same in the nasal and temporal retina in all eyes at the first and last visit before treatment. Only two eyes had worse ROP stage in the nasal half at presentation but both halves developed the same degree of stage during follow-up. None of the treatment decisions were based only on the nasal region of the retina. Examination time was evaluated in 40 eyes of 20 infants. The average total time required for an examination with the accepted method was 241.3 ± 112.5 seconds. However, with the proposed strategy, the examination time was significantly reduced to 172.3 ± 69.2 seconds (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This screening strategy shortens examination time, which may help reduce pain and related adverse events.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"729-732"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142342729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Punctiform and polychromatic pre-Descemet corneal dystrophy, a rare corneal pathology.","authors":"Alba Gómez-Benlloch, Julia Widmer-Pintos, Consuelo Arnaldos-López","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2025.2452267","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2025.2452267","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"744-745"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143045622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ten tips for writing a brilliant PhD thesis - and enjoying the process.","authors":"Nathan Efron","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2413706","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2413706","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"645-647"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142388520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rasch analysis of quality of life in children with vernal keratoconjunctivitis (QUICK) questionnaire.","authors":"Ambika Chandrasekar, Shweta Agarwal, Bhaskar Srinivasan, Geetha Iyer, Anuradha Narayanan","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2399033","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2399033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>A validated questionnaire measures the construct accurately, helps clinician to support decision making, facilitates assessment and monitoring of patients, guides clinical trial and promotes patient-centred care.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>To assess the psychometric properties of the Quality of Life in Children with Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (QUICK) questionnaire among Indian children with Vernal Keratoconjuntivitis (VKC) using Rasch analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used a questionnaire validation study design. The QUICK questionnaire for VKC was translated to two local languages using back translation process and administered to the Indian children (aged 5-15 years) diagnosed with VKC between June 2021 and March 2022. The study took place at a tertiary eye care hospital in Chennai, India. The psychometric properties were assessed based on six indicators namely rating scale behaviour, measurement precision, item fit, unidimensionality, targeting and Differential Item Functioning (DIF).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty six children with VKC (mean age 10.5 years and 77.8% males) filled the questionnaire. The analysis of overall QUICK questionnaire (16 items) revealed an ordered threshold for the rating scale, no noticeable DIF and excellent person-item targeting (0.15). However, the questionnaire showed inadequate person separation (PSI 1.82 and PSR 0.77), four misfit items and lack of unidimensionality (eigenvalue 2.80). Eliminating misfit items and contrasting items resolved multidimensionality, leaving nine items related to the symptoms domain in the questionnaire. However, the person separation (PSI 1.52 and PSR 0.70) remained below 2.0.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The resultant 9-item QUICK questionnaire discriminates only low and high performers among VKC patients. Thus, it may be used solely to assess the symptoms domain in Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL). This questionnaire requires addition of items in other domains pertaining to HRQoL to make it holistic.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"676-682"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142459430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refractive errors, amblyopia risk factors and vision screening in children aged 7-10 years in Aotearoa New Zealand.","authors":"Rebecca W Findlay, Lucy K Goodman, Nicola S Anstice, Carol Chelimo, Cameron C Grant, Joanna M Black","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2410036","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2410036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Vision screening is important for detecting undiagnosed vision conditions that are common in school-aged children. However, current vision screening protocols are poor at detecting vision conditions that are most common in the Aotearoa New Zealand paediatric population.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Uncorrected refractive error and amblyopia are the most common causes of visual impairment in children. The most appropriate vision screening method depends on the refractive error profile of the population. This study aimed to: estimate the prevalence of refractive errors and amblyopia risk factors among children living in Aotearoa New Zealand; describe previous participation in preschool vision screening and determine the diagnostic accuracy of potential screening methods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Children aged 7-10 years received comprehensive eye examinations, including cycloplegic refraction, in their school. Eye examination results were assessed for refractive error and amblyopia risk factors. The sensitivity and specificity of individual vision tests for detecting any vision conditions was calculated to assess the most effective tests for vision screening.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eye examinations were completed for 237 children and cycloplegic refraction data was available for 220 of these children. Significant refractive error (need for glasses) was detected in 23.6% of children (7.7% myopia, 7.7% hyperopia, 15.0% astigmatism). Amblyopia risk factors were detected in 9.1% of children. Preschool vision screening had been completed by 78.5% of children. Distance visual acuity screening alone had a sensitivity of 39% for detecting vision conditions, with addition of the Spot Vision Screener improving sensitivity to 65%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Astigmatism is the most frequent refractive error among children aged 7-10 years living in Aotearoa New Zealand. Distance visual acuity screening alone is ineffective in detecting refractive error in children in Aotearoa New Zealand. Further research investigating refractive errors across the paediatric population in Aotearoa New Zealand is required to determine the optimal timing and appropriate protocols for school-aged vision screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"700-705"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142388519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of surgical approach in the management of non-traumatic corneal perforations.","authors":"Onur Furundaoturan, Melis Palamar, Sait Egrilmez, Ayse Yagci, Ozlem Barut Selver","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2411415","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08164622.2024.2411415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Non-traumatic aetiologies are one of the leading causes of corneal perforations. The management of corneal perforation is quite challenging and complex for anterior segment surgeons. The appropriate surgical approach for each case is usually determined on the basis of a combination of many different parameters.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>The study aimed to evaluate surgical approach options and outcomes in the treatment of non-traumatic corneal perforations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patient data who underwent surgery for non-traumatic corneal perforation between 2016 and 2023 were retrospectively evaluated. Medical records were assessed in terms of age, gender, perforation aetiology, the first and last examination notes, surgical approach, follow-up time, and additional surgeries and outcomes according to anatomical, therapeutic and functional success. Anterior segment photographs were investigated for thorough explanation of the examinations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-five eyes of 45 patients were included (mean age 61.2 ± 22.4 (90-2), female/male ratio 20/25). Surgical approaches applied according to the size and location of the perforation site included fibrin glue application (6), amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) (9), corneal patch graft application(15), and tectonic keratoplasty (15). The ratio of inflammatory and infectious causes as the two main indications was 29/16. Globe integrity was ensured with the first surgery in 27 eyes. However, 17 eyes required secondary surgical attempts due to failure of the first approach and 1 eye underwent evisceration. AMT was the least successful method among other methods in anatomical, therapeutic, and functional assessment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There are various surgical approaches for repairing non-traumatic corneal perforations, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. These include high tissue resistance, the ability to remove necrotic tissue, ease of access, and anti-inflammatory activity. It is possible to successfully repair corneal perforations with single and combined methods, considering the above-mentioned features, especially depending on the size and location of the defect. While AMT is a viable and time-saving choice - especially in the lack of donor tissues - further interventions are necessary in most circumstances.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"669-675"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142380128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of cycloplegic and non-cycloplegic refraction techniques for assessing refractive error in adults: a population-based study.","authors":"Hassan Hashemi, Mehdi Khabazkhoob, Alireza Jamali, Mohammad Hassan Emamian, Carla Lanca, Olavi Parssinen, Andrzej Grzybowski, Akbar Fotouhi","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2025.2537220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2025.2537220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Accurate determination of refractive error is essential for optimal vision correction. However, the necessity of performing cyclo-refraction in adults remains a subject of ongoing ‎debate.‎.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to assess the agreement between cycloplegic retinoscopy, non-cycloplegic objective refraction methods (autorefraction and retinoscopy) and subjective refraction, in adults aged 40 to 64 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this population-based cross-sectional study, ‎a multi-stage sampling technique was employed to select the sample from this population. Measurements of uncorrected distance visual acuity, followed by autorefraction, retinoscopy, subjective refraction, and cycloplegic refraction (using cyclopentolate 1%) were performed for all participants. Cycloplegic refraction obtained through retinoscopy was established as the gold standard.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The spherical equivalent (SE) obtained from cycloplegic retinoscopy, non-cycloplegic retinoscopy, non-cycloplegic autorefraction, and subjective refraction were + 0.07 ± 1.07, -0.21 ± 1.03, -0.28 ± 1.09, and -0.24 ± 0.99 D, respectively (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Cycloplegia resulted in a hyperopic shift in the spherical component (<i>p</i> < 0.001‎), with a reduction in magnitude as age increased. Subjective refraction produced the smallest absolute cylinder values (least negative) compared to all other methods (<i>p</i> < 0.001). In the age group of 40 to 44 years, the prevalence of hyperopia (SE ≥  +0.50 D) detected through cycloplegic retinoscopy was 42%, while the prevalence determined by non-cycloplegic autorefraction, subjective refraction, and non-cycloplegic retinoscopy was 4.9%, 2.2%, and 7.2%, respectively (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The prevalence of myopia (SE ≤  -0.50 D) within the same age group was 44.8%, 41.4%, 33.4%, and 34.9%, respectively (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The disparity in the prevalence of refractive errors identified through various refractive methods diminished progressively with advancing age.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cycloplegic refraction is essential for assessing refractive errors, especially in individuals younger than 50 years. Furthermore, subjective refraction in older adults is influenced by numerous confounding variables and should be approached with caution.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144752467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pituitary adenoma with unilateral three-quadrant visual field defect.","authors":"Christopher J Borgman","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2025.2533296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2025.2533296","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144752468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementing silent reading speed and oculomotor behaviour as a clinical measure of functional reading performance.","authors":"Sotiris Plainis, Emmanouil Ktistakis, Miltiadis K Tsilimbaris, Angeliki Gleni, Panagiotis Simos","doi":"10.1080/08164622.2025.2534716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2025.2534716","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Visual acuity offers limited value as a clinical endpoint for evaluating functional vision deficits. Alternative measures, such as the assessment of reading efficiency, address how vision-related challenges affect quality of life.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Although oral reading speed is typically employed as the principal measure of reading performance, it fails to simulate everyday reading activities, for which silent reading is preferred. In this study, eye movements were analysed additionally to reading speed, as potentially useful clinical indicators of silent reading performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Silent reading performance was evaluated binocularly in 53 presbyopes (52 ± 4 years old) using the Greek IReST reading passages, displayed at 40 cm distance. Near correction was achieved with reading spectacles worn over single vision contact lenses. A subgroup of 26 participants were tested on a second visit under two conditions: (i) without best-correction for near ('blur') and (ii) following instructions for 'comprehension'. Eye movements were recorded during passage reading using video oculography. Data analysis included computation of reading speed, fixation duration, forward fixations and regressions. Frequency distributions of fixation durations were analysed with ex-Gaussian fittings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The strongest correlate of silent reading speed was the number of forward fixations (<i>r</i> = -0.86), accounting for 74% of its variance, while modest correlations were found with the percentage of regressions (<i>r</i> = -0.57) and the ex-Gaussian parameter τ (<i>r</i> = -0.59). Reading speed was significantly slower in both 'blur' and 'comprehension' conditions (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Comprehensive reading showed an increased number of forward fixations and regressions. Blur had a significant impact on fixation duration, ex-Gaussian parameter μ, and the number of forward fixations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Oculomotor behaviour during silent passage reading could complement reading speed measures to address the influence of visual (pre-cortical) vs. cognitive factors in the assessment of functional reading performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":10214,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144689064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}