Clinica Chimica Acta最新文献

{"title":"Susceptibility to acute myeloid leukemia: Influence of genetic variants of interleukins 37 and 38","authors":"Mustafa A. Bashi ,&nbsp;Ali H. Ad’hiah","doi":"10.1016/j.cca.2025.120386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cca.2025.120386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interleukin (IL)-37 and IL-38 are anti-inflammatory cytokines encoded by <em>IL37</em> and <em>IL1F10</em> genes, respectively. Recently, it has been proposed that missense single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of <em>IL37</em> (rs3811046 G/T and rs3811047 A/G) and 5′-untranslated region SNPs of <em>IL1F10</em> (rs3811050 C/T and rs3811051 T/G) may influence susceptibility to some inflammatory disorders. Inflammation has also been shown to play a key role in pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Therefore, it is reasonable to hypothesize that rs3811046, rs3811047, rs3811050, and rs3811051 may have a role in susceptibility to AML. A case-control study was conducted on 131 AML patients and 169 controls to investigate the association of these SNPs with AML risk. SNP genotypes were determined using TaqMan allelic discrimination, a real-time PCR-based method. Results revealed that mutant alleles (<em>T</em>, <em>G</em>, and <em>T</em>) and corresponding homozygous genotypes (TT, GG, and TT) of rs3811046, rs3811047, and rs3811050, respectively, were significantly associated with an increased risk of AML, while rs3811051 showed no association. Four-locus haplotype analysis (rs3811046-rs3811047-rs3811050-rs3811051) demonstrated that T-A-C-G haplotype was associated a 2.47-fold increased risk of AML. SNP-SNP interaction analysis showed significant genetic interactions between rs3811046 and rs3811047, rs3811046 and rs3811050, and rs3811047 and rs3811050. Rs3811046 and rs3811047 did not affect <em>IL37</em> gene expression. Some laboratory and clinical variables of AML may be influenced by <em>IL37</em> and <em>IL1F10</em> SNPs. In conclusion, rs3811046, rs3811047, and rs3811050 were associated with AML susceptibility in terms of allele, genotype, and haplotype, while rs3811051 showed no association. Three SNPs (rs3811046, rs3811047, and rs3811050) showed a significant gene-gene interaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10205,"journal":{"name":"Clinica Chimica Acta","volume":"576 ","pages":"Article 120386"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144134887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of integrated hemolysis detection by a blood gas analyzer and hemolysis effect on blood gas test results","authors":"Jianbo Yang,&nbsp;Danyel H. Tacker","doi":"10.1016/j.cca.2025.120384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cca.2025.120384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>There has been a lack of effective tools to detect hemolysis in blood gas specimens. The recently launched GEM Premier 7000 with IQM3 blood gas analyzer (GEM 7000) has an integrated hemolysis detection function as part of the sample analysis workflow to flag whole blood potassium results impacted by hemolysis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>1) Hemolysis measurements were compared between GEM 7000 and Abbott Alinity c chemistry analyzer using residual heparinized whole blood specimens. 2) Hemolysis rates from GEM 7000 reported results were compared among different clinic units, and results at different hemolysis levels were compared for several analytes. 3) Hemolysis was induced in vitro by Triton X-100 treatment to examine hemolysis effect on several blood gas analytes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>GEM 7000 hemolysis index results agreed with Alinity c hemolysis values in 70 out of 74 specimens, with minimal differences observed for the four discrepant samples. From Feb 2024 to Mar 2025, GEM 7000 detected hemolysis (&gt;50 mg/dL free hemoglobin) in 8.8 % of blood gas specimens. Hemolysis rates varied from 1.5 % in the operating room setting to 18.3 % in the emergency department. Hemolyzed patient specimens showed increased median potassium results. Ionized calcium results were decreased at high hemolysis levels. No consistent changes were observed for pH, pCO₂ and pO₂. This was supported by the in vitro study with Triton X-100 treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>GEM 7000 allows effective detection of hemolyzed blood gas specimens. Specimens from different clinic units showed variable hemolysis rates. High hemolysis levels affect not only potassium results, but also ionized calcium.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10205,"journal":{"name":"Clinica Chimica Acta","volume":"576 ","pages":"Article 120384"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144149580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"S100B in postoperative cognitive impairment: systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Shuihuan Lu ,&nbsp;Jinning Zhang ,&nbsp;Xueyang He ,&nbsp;Jiaxin Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.cca.2025.120380","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cca.2025.120380","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is prevalent after cardiac and non-cardiac surgeries. It has been generally accepted that POCD is caused by an inflammatory response. This study aimed to determine whether mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores and the serum levels of two prominent inflammatory factors, S-100B protein (S-100B) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE), can predict POCD among patients undergoing non-cardiac surgeries.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A comprehensive literature search was conducted using electronic databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Embase up to 14, January 2025 to identify eligible observational studies evaluating the relationship between the incidence of POCD and the serum levels of S100B, NSE, and MMSE score before surgery and 24 h and 7 days after surgery among patients undergoing non-cardiac surgeries.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our findings demonstrated that patients who developed POCD had higher S100B levels 24 h after surgery compared to before surgery. Compared to pre-operative levels, there were no significant differences in S100B levels at 7 days, NSE levels at 24 h or 7 days, and MMSE scores at 24 h or 7 days after surgery. Age-based analysis revealed that patients with POCD aged ≥60 had higher S100B levels at 24 h post-operative. Among different surgery types, S100B and NSE levels increased significantly 24 h after spinal surgery, while MMSE scores significantly decreased after spinal surgery.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>S100B may help the early detection of POCD, and the prognostic value of S100B can be evaluated in future studies. Unlike S100B, NSE and MMSE did not show significant differences between POCD and non-POCD groups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10205,"journal":{"name":"Clinica Chimica Acta","volume":"576 ","pages":"Article 120380"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel strategies in liquid biopsy","authors":"Qinyue Guo ,&nbsp;Liang Shan ,&nbsp;Jizhuang Luo ,&nbsp;Yiman Huang ,&nbsp;Yunxia Bao ,&nbsp;Xianzhao Wang ,&nbsp;Lifang Ma ,&nbsp;Gang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cca.2025.120385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cca.2025.120385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cancer, a leading global cause of death, involves complex processes and multiple components. Due to the lack of effective and accurate early diagnostic methods, many patients are diagnosed with advanced cancer. Traditional tissue biopsy, while common, may increase the risk of metastasis. In contrast, liquid biopsy technology utilizes bodily fluids such as blood, urine, and saliva to analyze tumor-associated information, including circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), exosomes, and various molecular markers. This technology has undergone rapid advancements, enabling its routine clinical use in cancer patients and broadening research horizons. ctDNA and CTCs can be isolated and analyzed from blood sample, providing valuable insights for therapeutic choices. However, technical and clinical challenges remain, such as the low proportion of ctDNA in circulating free DNA, the short half-life of ctDNA in blood, and the low concentration and heterogeneity of CTCs. Exosomes, abundant and stable vesicles released by most cells, carry bioactive molecules and play a pivotal role in intercellular communication, tumorigenesis, and progression. They offer advantages over CTCs and ctDNA but also present challenges in isolation, detection, and specificity. This review summarizes recent technologies for detecting ctDNA, CTCs, and exosomes in liquid biopsies, including nanotechnology, sensor technology, spectroscopy, microfluidic technology, and aptamers. It highlights their clinical applications and future development directions, elucidating their promising prospects in diagnosing cancer patients, monitoring disease progression, and predicting prognosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10205,"journal":{"name":"Clinica Chimica Acta","volume":"576 ","pages":"Article 120385"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144141863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between biological markers and haematological manifestations in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","authors":"Carmen María Cabrera ,&nbsp;Andrea Castiblanque","doi":"10.1016/j.cca.2025.120383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cca.2025.120383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Haematological conditions are part of the EULAR/ACR 2019 diagnostic criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). They consist of 4 cytopenias (haemolytic anaemia, leucopenia, lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia) which may appear at diagnosis and/or during follow-up. The simultaneous involvement of these cytopenias in the clinical and immunological management of patients with SLE is poorly understood. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the overall relationships between them, as well as the individual associations of each.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Two hundred and two Caucasian patients with adult-onset SLE were studied. Medical records were reviewed from January 2005 to December 2024 and clinical and laboratory variables were collected at diagnosis and during follow-up.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Eighty patients (39.6 %) had some form of haematological manifestation. Overall, haematological manifestations showed positive associations with C3 and C4 hypocomplementemia, anti-Ro/SSA antibodies and sex ratio (female/male), as well as a negative association with lupus nephritis. When analyzing the 4 cytopenias individually, surprising results were found. C3 and/or C4 hypocomplementemia was simultaneously associated with haemolytic anaemia, leucopenia and lymphopenia. Anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies were associated with thrombocytopenia (OR = 5.269, <em>P = 0.026</em>; multivariate analysis). Leucopenia was positively associated with anti-Ro/SSA antibodies (OR = 8.888, <em>P = 0.003;</em> multivariate analysis), and negatively associated with lupus nephritis (OR = 0.184, <em>P = 0.007</em>; univariate analysis) and lupus anticoagulant (OR = 0.132, <em>P = 0.039</em>; multivariate analysis). Finally, lymphopenia was associated with sex ratio.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Therefore, haematological conditions in patients with SLE present specific features that could represent a distinctive subtype of SLE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10205,"journal":{"name":"Clinica Chimica Acta","volume":"575 ","pages":"Article 120383"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144131390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of urinary metal exposure on cardiac injury measured by four high-sensitivity troponin assays in US adults: A nationwide cross-sectional study","authors":"Yilan Li ,&nbsp;Yue Sun ,&nbsp;Xinhao Han ,&nbsp;Jingwen Deng ,&nbsp;Mingsi Wang ,&nbsp;Yongpeng Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.cca.2025.120382","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cca.2025.120382","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Existing research primarily focuses on cardiovascular disease risks, with limited studies on the impact of metals on cardiac injury. This study aims to investigate the associations between urinary metal exposure and cardiac injury biomarkers, specifically high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (Hs-cTnI) and T (Hs-cTnT), in US adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed data from 3,865 adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2004) using weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, quantile g-computation (Qgcomp), multivariate logistic regression, and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) to examine correlations between 9 urinary metals and cardiac injury biomarkers (Hs-cTnI and Hs-cTnT).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Increased Abbott Hs-cTnI was significantly associated with higher levels of Cd (OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.42) and lead (Pb) (OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.34) in multivariate logistic regression. Furthermore, Cd (85.90%), Pb (8.01%), and tungsten (W) (3.34%) were the most weighted metals in the Abbott Hs-cTnI WQS models. For the Qgcomp model analysis of Ortho Hs-cTnI, Siemens Hs-cTnI, Abbott Hs-cTnI, and Hs-cTnT, the positive direction metal was Cd (0.2986, 0.6520, 0.7638 and 0.3648, respectively). Based on the results of BKMR, the components that had the highest conditional posterior inclusion probability of Hs-cTnT were Cd (1.000), and antimony (Sb) (1.000) among metal mixtures. Systolic blood pressure mediated the highest proportion of mediating effects in cardiac injury biomarkers.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Altogether, our findings indicate that exposure to a metal combination in the urine is associated with an increased risk of cardiac injury. Meanwhile, this association may be predominantly influenced by Cd.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10205,"journal":{"name":"Clinica Chimica Acta","volume":"576 ","pages":"Article 120382"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144141864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non coding RNA biomarkers in pemphigus disease","authors":"ZhuQing Li ,&nbsp;JinJin Huang ,&nbsp;ShuCheng Zhang ,&nbsp;WenJuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Si","doi":"10.1016/j.cca.2025.120381","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cca.2025.120381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pemphigus represents a group of potentially life-threatening autoimmune blistering diseases characterized by the production of pathogenic autoantibodies against desmosomal cadherins, leading to loss of cell adhesion. Early and accurate diagnosis remains critical for optimal management, yet current diagnostic approaches largely rely on invasive biopsies and serological assays that do not always predict disease progression or therapeutic response. In this context, the identification of reliable biomarkers is essential to enhance diagnostic precision, monitor disease activity, and guide treatment strategies. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), particularly microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), have emerged as promising biomarker candidates due to their stability in body fluids, tissue- and disease-specific expression patterns, and regulatory functions in immune processes. Increasing evidence suggests that dysregulated ncRNAs play significant roles in the immunopathogenesis of pemphigus, influencing cytokine signaling, immune cell differentiation, and keratinocyte adhesion. Therefore, herein, we summarize current findings on the involvement of specific miRNAs and lncRNAs in pemphigus pathogenesis, their diagnostic and prognostic potential, and the emerging therapeutic opportunities based on modulating ncRNA expression. Additionally, we address the limitations and challenges associated with clinical translation of ncRNA research and highlight future directions that may facilitate the incorporation of ncRNAs into personalized medicine approaches for pemphigus patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10205,"journal":{"name":"Clinica Chimica Acta","volume":"576 ","pages":"Article 120381"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144141862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carrier screening for survival motor neuron variants in 7709 pregnant women from Foshan, Guangdong Province","authors":"Xiao-wen Yuan ,&nbsp;Guang-rong Feng ,&nbsp;Zhan-tao Lu ,&nbsp;Xin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.cca.2025.120379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cca.2025.120379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a severe autosomal-recessive disorder, is primarily caused by homozygous deletions of exon 7 survival motor neuron 1 (<em>SMN1</em>) gene. However, data on <em>SMN1</em> variant carrier rates in the Foshan area of Guangdong Province are limited. This retrospective study aimed to determine <em>SMN1</em> carrier rate among pregnant women in Foshan, evaluate screening uptake, and analyse regional variations to optimize genetic counselling strategies and public health interventions.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>Multiplex real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the <em>SMN1</em> variant in pregnant women from February 2023 to March 2025 in the Foshan area. If pregnant women screened positive, carrier testing was recommended for their husbands. Prenatal diagnoses were performed for high-risk couples.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the 7709 pregnant women who underwent <em>SMN1</em> variant carrier screening, 104 <em>SMN1</em> variant carriers were identified, yielding a carrier rate of 1.35 %. Spousal testing (82.7 % compliance) revealed one high-risk couple, with prenatal diagnosis confirming a heterozygous deletion in the foetus. The carrier rate of Foshan was lower than that in Shenzhen and Maoming but higher than that in Hispanic populations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study revealed a 1.35 % <em>SMN1</em> carrier rate among Foshan pregnant women, supporting genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis implementation. Systematic screening facilitates early detection of at-risk couples, enabling prenatal interventions to reduce SMA births.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10205,"journal":{"name":"Clinica Chimica Acta","volume":"575 ","pages":"Article 120379"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144131331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-reactivity of urine opiates screening assays with dextromethorphan","authors":"Kelsey Marshall ,&nbsp;Katharine Van Patten ,&nbsp;Jesse C. Seegmiller ,&nbsp;Ian L Gunsolus","doi":"10.1016/j.cca.2025.120378","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cca.2025.120378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a case of high-dose dextromethorphan ingestion with associated rapid urine drug screening and confirmatory testing demonstrating an apparent false-positive opiates screen. Further testing was performed using alternative screening assays and analysis of drug-free matrices spiked with various concentrations of dextromethorphan and its metabolite, dextrorphan. Results demonstrate a subset of urine opiates screening assays may be susceptible to dextromethorphan cross-reactivity at high concentrations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10205,"journal":{"name":"Clinica Chimica Acta","volume":"575 ","pages":"Article 120378"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144105495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of six GFR estimation equations in Chinese patients with chronic kidney disease","authors":"Ruoxu Li ,&nbsp;Yuhui Jia ,&nbsp;Xin Yi ,&nbsp;Lixin Wang ,&nbsp;Qing Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.cca.2025.120374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cca.2025.120374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is recognized as the most reliable indicator of renal function and is usually estimated based on the serum creatinine equations. However, the reliability of these equations in specific regions needs to be properly quantified. We evaluated the applicability of the abbreviated MDRD equation (aGFR), the modified abbreviated MDRD equation (maGFR), the CKD-EPI creatinine equation (C-GFRcr), the CKD-EPI creatinine-cystatin C equation (C-GFRcr-cys), the EKFC creatinine equation (E-GFRcr), and the EKFC creatinine-cystatin C equation (E-GFRcr-cys) to chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients in Chongqing, China.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 234 adult patients with CKD were selected for the study. Their sex, age, and etiology of CKD were recorded, and serum creatinine and cystatin C were measured and traceable to primary reference materials. The technetium 99 m-labeled diethylenetriamine pentaacetate (^99mTc-DTPA) renal scintigraphy was used as the reference method for GFR measurement. Six GFR estimation equations were analyzed in the overall analysis and across various stages of CKD to evaluate differences, absolute differences, bias, precision, and accuracy.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the validation dataset, the differences for maGFR were smaller compared to other equations, while those for C-GFRcr-cys and E-GFRcr-cys were larger. The bias for C-GFRcr-cys and E-GFRcr-cys was significantly higher than that of the other equations, although all six equations exhibited similar levels of precision. In CKD stages 1 through 3, the accuracy of C-GFRcr-cys and E-GFRcr-cys was significantly lower when compared to the other equations. Conversely, in CKD stages 4 and 5, maGFR and E-GFRcr-cys demonstrated significantly greater accuracy than the other equations. In CKD stage 1, maGFR misclassified only 5.21 % of patients, whereas C-GFRcr-cys and E-GFRcr-cys had significantly higher misclassification rates of 66.67 % and 68.75 %, respectively, compared to the other equations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Overall, maGFR performed better than other equations and can be used as a confirmatory test in CKD patients in Chongqing, China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10205,"journal":{"name":"Clinica Chimica Acta","volume":"575 ","pages":"Article 120374"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144105493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}