Clinica Chimica Acta最新文献

{"title":"Professor Alan H.B. Wu: Contributions that will stand the test of time","authors":"Robert H. Christenson ,&nbsp;Pete Kavsak ,&nbsp;Xander M.R. van Wijk","doi":"10.1016/j.cca.2025.120795","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cca.2025.120795","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article honors Dr. Alan H.B. Wu's 25-year leadership as Editor-in-Chief of <em>Clinica Chimica Acta</em> and his transformative contributions to clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine. A central focus of his career has been advancing the use of cardiac biomarkers, particularly cardiac troponin (cTn) and natriuretic peptides, for the diagnosis and management of myocardial infarction and heart failure. Dr. Wu's studies helped establish the diagnostic and prognostic value of cTn, contributed to standardization and high-sensitivity assay development, and explored novel technologies. His work on biological variability emphasized the limitations of population-based reference intervals and promoted individualized interpretation of test results. Through guidelines and collaborations, Dr. Wu has shaped biomarker adoption, clinical practice, and laboratory quality standards. His vision of personalized laboratory medicine continues to advance diagnostics and improve patient care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10205,"journal":{"name":"Clinica Chimica Acta","volume":"582 ","pages":"Article 120795"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145800517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can pharmacogenetics inform morphine dosing in the neonatal intensive care unit? A retrospective evaluation","authors":"Anastasiya Mankouski ,&nbsp;Luca Brunelli ,&nbsp;Gwendolyn McMillin","doi":"10.1016/j.cca.2025.120814","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cca.2025.120814","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acutely ill infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) present with complex medical conditions necessitating individualized therapeutic strategies. These infants exhibit significant variability in gestational age, birth weight, organ maturity and drug metabolism, increasing the risk of adverse drug reactions. Morphine is commonly prescribed in the NICU and is associated with a wide range of dosing as well as a high risk of adverse events. The objective of this retrospective study was to explore the potential relevance of pharmacogenomics to morphine dosing for our local level III NICU. Infants admitted between March and December 2022 were enrolled. Residual EDTA blood collected during routine clinical care was retrieved, and DNA was extracted for 55 patients. Targeted genotyping was performed to detect the rs1799971G &gt; A variant of <em>OPRM1</em> and the rs4680 G &gt; A variant of <em>COMT</em>. Morphine dosing details were retrieved from medical records, and they were compared to genotypes. Median morphine oral equivalents per day (mg/kg) trended with <em>OPRM1</em> genotype: AA, 0.0916 (<em>n</em> = 40); AG, 0.1500 (<em>n</em> = 13); GG, 0.2284 (<em>n</em> = 2). Median morphine oral equivalents and the number of days of treatment trended with <em>COMT</em> genotype: GG, 0.1429 mg/kg, 4 days (<em>n</em> = 17); AG, 0.1231 mg/kg, 6 days (<em>n</em> = 22); AA, 0.0875 mg/kg, 8 days (<em>n</em> = 15). Extremely premature infants required the highest morphine doses for the longest duration. Although statistical significance of these findings was not achieved, our data suggest that further studies are warranted to determine whether pharmacogenomics may be beneficial to individualize morphine dose requirements and improve outcomes for acutely ill infants in the NICU.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10205,"journal":{"name":"Clinica Chimica Acta","volume":"582 ","pages":"Article 120814"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145888544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aberrantly glycosylated PSMA in urine as a potential marker for prostate cancer","authors":"Misba Khan ,&nbsp;Md. Khirul Islam ,&nbsp;Pekka Taimen ,&nbsp;Peter J. Boström ,&nbsp;Urpo Lamminmäki ,&nbsp;Janne Leivo","doi":"10.1016/j.cca.2025.120790","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cca.2025.120790","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Early detection of prostate cancer (PCa) requires the development of reliable non-invasive biomarkers. In this study, we describe a simple, non-invasive assay to detect a prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) glycoisoform directly from unprocessed urine. PSMA was analyzed in urine samples from PCa patients (<em>n</em> = 40) and benign controls (<em>n</em> = 37) using lectin MGL-coated europium-doped nanoparticles. MGL showed enhanced binding to PCa-derived PSMA, indicating aberrant glycosylation. Evaluation of individual samples demonstrated that the PSMA-MGL glycovariant assay significantly discriminated PCa from benign conditions (<em>p</em> = 0.01 pilot, <em>p</em> = 0.02 validation). Moreover, this assay exhibited a three-fold improvement in sensitivity over conventional antibody-based PSMA detection. ROC analysis showed an AUC of 0.648 for PSMA-MGL, which increased to 0.734 when combined with free-PSA and urinary creatinine, highlighting the enhanced diagnostic potential of this multimarker, non-invasive approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10205,"journal":{"name":"Clinica Chimica Acta","volume":"582 ","pages":"Article 120790"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145809792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital health integration in chronic kidney disease","authors":"Ting Deng ,&nbsp;Yi Xue ,&nbsp;Nonglak Methakanjanasak","doi":"10.1016/j.cca.2025.120749","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cca.2025.120749","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing global health burden characterized by progressive renal dysfunction, high comorbidity rates, and substantial healthcare costs. Digital health technologies, including telemedicine, wearable biosensors, mobile health applications, and AI-driven decision support systems, offer transformative potential for improving CKD management across the care continuum. This review synthesizes current evidence on digital health integration in CKD, highlighting its role in early detection, remote monitoring, patient self-management, and personalized therapeutic interventions. Mechanistically, digital platforms enable real-time tracking of renal biomarkers, blood pressure, and medication adherence while facilitating predictive analytics for risk stratification and disease progression. Integration with electronic health records and interoperability standards further enhances multidisciplinary coordination and data-driven care. Despite promising outcomes in pilot studies and clinical trials, challenges remain in terms of scalability, data privacy, digital literacy, and regulatory compliance. Future directions include the development of interoperable, patient-centric digital ecosystems and validation through multicenter trials. Digital health integration represents a paradigm shift toward proactive, precision nephrology, with the potential to mitigate CKD burden and improve patient outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10205,"journal":{"name":"Clinica Chimica Acta","volume":"582 ","pages":"Article 120749"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145647499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liposomal nano-formulations: advancement in lung cancer treatment","authors":"Azzalfa Ashraf ,&nbsp;Qurat ul Ain ,&nbsp;Asmaa Qamar ,&nbsp;Amina Nisar ,&nbsp;Shumaila Arshad ,&nbsp;Mulazim Hussain Asim ,&nbsp;Hafiz Muhammad Irfan","doi":"10.1016/j.cca.2025.120813","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cca.2025.120813","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>According to the WHO statistical report of 2022, lung cancer has the highest cancer mortality rate with 1.8 million deaths annually. Conventional treatment options for lung cancer include chemotherapy, surgical treatment and radiotherapy. Chemotherapy is associated with various challenges of drug resistance and toxicity. Diagnosis of lung cancer is also difficult due to the non-specific symptoms that overlap with other respiratory disorders like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Nano-formulations and particularly liposomes, offer a modern approach to address these issues. These lipid-based nano-carriers can be equipped with imaging agents that help to establish accurate and timely diagnosis of lung cancers. Moreover, liposomes loaded with anti-cancer drugs and genetic materials for chemotherapy and gene therapy, respectively, have shown a high success rate in cell lines studies and clinical trials. Inhaled liposome formulations such as aerosols and nebulizers are another advanced approach that has been investigated over past few years. This review article will provide a comprehensive summary of liposomes as novel drug delivery system, their preparation, methods of drug-loading, and their key role for lung cancer treatment. Moreover, a comparative analysis of liposomes with other nanocarriers to treat lung cancer is provided. Lastly, we have communicated the diverse scope of liposomal aerosols in inhalation therapy and medical devices for application in lung cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10205,"journal":{"name":"Clinica Chimica Acta","volume":"582 ","pages":"Article 120813"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145888590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electroencephalography, microRNA, and anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis","authors":"Hsiuying Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cca.2025.120806","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cca.2025.120806","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anti-<em>N</em>-methyl-<span>d</span>-aspartate receptor encephalitis (anti-NMDARE) is a severe autoimmune disorder in which the immune system attacks NMDA receptors in the brain. Early diagnosis is critical for effective intervention, and it often hinges on detecting specific antibodies. Clinical biomarkers, including electroencephalography (EEG), play a vital role in facilitating early identification. The hallmark EEG patterns of anti-NMDARE are the extreme delta brush pattern and generalized rhythmic delta activity. This paper reviews the EEG features characteristic of anti-NMDARE. In addition to EEG, the potential of microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers in diagnosing and prognosticating anti-NMDARE has garnered attention. This study reveals that both EEG and miRNA biomarkers may provide useful insights for the diagnosis and prognosis of anti-NMDARE, underscoring the importance of combining EEG and miRNA biomarkers for a more accurate and timely clinical assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10205,"journal":{"name":"Clinica Chimica Acta","volume":"582 ","pages":"Article 120806"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145843220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification of plasma mutant calreticulin for diagnosis and therapeutic response assessment of peginterferon-α in myeloproliferative neoplasms: A proof-of-concept study","authors":"Jingjing Tian ,&nbsp;Xuemei Tang ,&nbsp;Weiyan Zhou ,&nbsp;Can Yang ,&nbsp;Qingyun Zhang ,&nbsp;Quanli Wu ,&nbsp;Xiaotong Ma ,&nbsp;Gusheng Tang ,&nbsp;Ming Guan ,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.cca.2025.120817","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cca.2025.120817","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Calreticulin (CALR) exon 9 mutations are drivers in essential thrombocythemia (ET) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). These mutations lead to extracellular secretion of mutant CALR, but a quantitative plasma assay to leverage this for management is lacking.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To develop and validate a quantitative method based on homemade monoclonal antibody (McAb) targeting mutant CALR for diagnosing ET and PMF, and evaluating therapeutic response in PEG-IFN-α-treated ET patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We generated a hybridoma clone (Cal26B11) producing anti-mutant CALR McAb and confirmed its reactivity via Western blot, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry. Using Cal26B11 as the capture antibody, we developed a double-antibody sandwich ELISA (DAS-ELISA) to quantify plasma CALR mutant (pCALRmut). We assessed its diagnostic performance in 135 subjects (53 <em>CALR</em> type-1, and 37 type-2 mutant MPN patients, 11 non-<em>CALR</em>-mutated MPN patients, 9 non-MPN hematological malignancies, and 25 healthy donors) and conducted a 2-year follow-up of 49 CALR-mutant ET patients to evaluate its correlation with therapeutic response.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Cal26B11 McAb showed high affinity (Kd = 5.90 × 10⁻¹⁰ M) and specificity for mutant CALR proteins. The established DAS-ELISA demonstrated good linearity (6.25–200 ng/ml) and sensitivity (LOQ: 7.78 ng/mL for type-1; 9.82 ng/ml for type-2 mutants). Using a cut-off of 15.98 ng/mL, the assay discriminated CALR-mutant from wild-type cases with 96.67 % sensitivity and 100 % specificity. Baseline pCALRmut concentrations rose step-wise from ET to pre-fibrotic MF and overt MF (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001). Although cross-sectional pCALRmut-VAF was weak, strong within-individual correlations during follow-up highlight its utility for serial monitoring. In patients treated with PEG-IFN-α, pCALRmut decreased in 76.5 % of cases, with a median reduction of 23.04 %, accompanied by a medium-to-long term complete hematological response (CHR) rate of approximately 75 %. Consistently, patients achieving CHR exhibited significantly lower pCALRmut levels than non-CHRs after PEG-IFN-α treatment, demonstrating a correlation between its dynamic reduction and treatment response.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The Cal26B11-based DAS-ELISA provides a reliable, non-invasive tool for detecting CALR mutations and shows promise for monitoring disease dynamics and treatment response, supporting its potential as a complementary biomarker. These preliminary findings warrant validation in larger prospective studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10205,"journal":{"name":"Clinica Chimica Acta","volume":"582 ","pages":"Article 120817"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145905792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revolutionizing salivary biomarkers through machine learning and artificial intelligence","authors":"Jiahui Sun ,&nbsp;Yuqing Jia ,&nbsp;Xiaoxuan Wang ,&nbsp;Zhengguo Cao ,&nbsp;Guangxun Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.cca.2025.120809","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cca.2025.120809","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chronic diseases remain major global health burdens, and early detection is essential for preventing progression and reducing complications. Saliva, a non-invasive, information-rich, and easily preserved biofluid, offers a viable alternative to invasive and costly traditional screening methods such as cytopathology and tissue biopsy. Recent advances in multi-omics technologies—including proteomics, transcriptomics, genomics, metabolomics, microbiomics, and exosome profiling—have uncovered diverse salivary biomarkers linked to oral and systemic diseases. However, the high dimensionality and complexity of these datasets require robust computational methods to extract clinically meaningful patterns. Machine learning (ML), as a key component of artificial intelligence (AI), provides such analytical capability by integrating heterogeneous data and improving biomarker-based classification performance. This review summarizes studies from 2010 to 2025 on AI-enabled saliva diagnostics, outlining major biomarker categories—including proteins, nucleic acids, metabolites, exosomes, and microbial signatures and commonly used algorithms. Key performance metrics such as accuracy (ACC), area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity (SE), and specificity (SP) are discussed, together with methodological limitations. Current evidence supports the strong potential of ML-assisted salivary biomarker analysis to enhance early disease screening. These advances may help establish saliva as an accessible tool for large-scale prevention, particularly in resource-limited or high-risk settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10205,"journal":{"name":"Clinica Chimica Acta","volume":"582 ","pages":"Article 120809"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145838152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endothelial Glycocalyx biomarkers in acute lung injury","authors":"M. Arockia Babu ,&nbsp;A. Rekha ,&nbsp;Kavita Goyal ,&nbsp;Soumya V. Menon ,&nbsp;Subhashree Ray ,&nbsp;Prerna Uniyal ,&nbsp;Chandana Maji ,&nbsp;Abida Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.cca.2025.120804","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cca.2025.120804","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Endothelial glycocalyx (eGC) degradation contributes to vascular and pulmonary dysfunction in acute lung injury (ALI). This study provides a comprehensive review of the structure of the endothelial glycocalyx (eGC) and the mechanisms underlying its injury. Additionally, it evaluates biomarkers indicative of glycocalyx disruption that have been investigated for clinical use, including syndecan-1, heparan sulfate, and hyaluronan. These biomarkers have been studied in both circulating and airway compartments, with some studies reporting signal size-dependent variations in their levels. Laboratory measurement methods, specifically immunoassays and mass spectrometry, are examined with an emphasis on preanalytical variables, analytical performance, interference, and existing deficiencies in standardization, calibration, and traceability. These deficiencies contribute to the challenges in achieving comparability across different studies. Subsequently, we assessed the evidence regarding the clinical utility of risk stratification and outcome prediction in the context of ALI/ARDS and sepsis heterogeneity, focusing on cohort characteristics, sampling intervals, and sample types. In conclusion, we propose the implementation of novel glycocalyx-stabilizing treatments and future advancements, such as multi-marker panels and their integration with microvascular imaging. Generally, the standardization of protocols and establishment of reporting systems are essential prerequisites for the incorporation of these biomarkers into routine clinical laboratory and intensive care unit workflows as reliable tools.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10205,"journal":{"name":"Clinica Chimica Acta","volume":"582 ","pages":"Article 120804"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145838151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid correlation for tryptophan and its metabolites and their expression in neurodegenerative, demyelinating, infectious diseases and CNS tumors","authors":"Yuhang Deng ,&nbsp;Fenghao Xie ,&nbsp;Yongjie Guan ,&nbsp;Wenqing Wu ,&nbsp;Sumei Han ,&nbsp;Haoqin Jiang ,&nbsp;Ming Guan","doi":"10.1016/j.cca.2025.120807","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cca.2025.120807","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>To clarify the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma correlation for tryptophan and its major metabolites in real clinical setting, and to explore their expression across common types of neurological disorders.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>181 paired CSF and plasma samples from patients with neurological diseases and 67 plasma samples from healthy controls were collected. Tryptophan, serotonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), melatonin, and kynurenic acid (KYNA) in those samples were measured using LC-MS/MS. Age- and sex-effects on plasma levels of those analytes were evaluated in healthy control. Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess CSF and plasma correlation. Patients were grouped into neurodegenerative, demyelinating, tumors, and infectious diseases for group comparisons.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>CSF and plasma correlation were weak but still statistically significant for most analytes (<em>r</em> = 0.15–0.3, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05); but no significant correlation was observed for 5-HIAA. In healthy controls plasma tryptophan and was higher in males than in females, but 5-HIAA was higher in females. The plasma concentrations of these analytes showed no significant differences among different diseases, nor between the disease groups and the control group. However, the level of 5-HIAA were significantly lower in all disease groups compared with the control group. By contrast, CSF tryptophan and KYNA levels in patients with CNS tumors were significantly higher than in patients with other diseases.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Plasma tryptophan and its metabolites do not reliably reflect their CSF levels. The selective elevation of CSF tryptophan and KYNA in tumor patients may reflect tumor-associated changes in metabolism, but their biological significance requires further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10205,"journal":{"name":"Clinica Chimica Acta","volume":"582 ","pages":"Article 120807"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145838150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}