Immuno-PCR: Advancements, and applications for infectious diseases diagnosis

IF 3.2 3区医学 Q2 MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY

Clinica Chimica Acta Pub Date : 2025-05-31 DOI:10.1016/j.cca.2025.120409

Ayushi Kaur Bedi, Monika Sharma, Sadhna Sharma

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Immuno-polymerase chain reaction (I-PCR) is a hybrid technique that combines the specificity of immunoassays with the amplification power of polymerase chain reaction for highly sensitive detection of Infectious Diseases Biomarkers. Since its introduction, I-PCR has evolved through advances such as the introduction of universal streptavidin–biotin systems, nanoparticle-based amplification, magnetic bead-assisted formats and the adoption of real-time and digital PCR readouts. These improvements have enabled detection limits significantly lower than traditional immunoassays, enabling its effective application in detecting viral, bacterial, parasitic, prion, and fungal antigens, as well as host antibodies, with detection limits reaching femtogram levels. However, clinical translation remains restricted by assay complexity, background signal amplification, and the reliance on thermal cyclers and specialized equipment. Future developments focusing on simplifying assay workflows, optimizing DNA-antibody conjugation, implementing isothermal amplification methods, and designing multiplexed point-of-care diagnostic platforms are essential to overcome current limitations. Addressing these challenges through continued innovation is essential to completely harness the potential of I-PCR as a highly sensitive, rapid, and accessible diagnostic platform across diverse healthcare settings.

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免疫pcr：进展及其在传染病诊断中的应用。

免疫聚合酶链反应（I-PCR）是一种结合了免疫测定的特异性和聚合酶链反应的扩增能力的杂交技术，可用于高度敏感的传染病生物标志物检测。自推出以来，I-PCR已经通过诸如引入通用链亲和素生物素系统，基于纳米颗粒的扩增，磁珠辅助格式以及采用实时和数字PCR读数等进步而发展。这些改进使得检测限明显低于传统的免疫测定法，使其能够有效地应用于检测病毒、细菌、寄生虫、朊病毒和真菌抗原以及宿主抗体，检测限达到飞图水平。然而，临床翻译仍然受到分析复杂性、背景信号放大以及对热循环仪和专用设备的依赖的限制。未来的发展重点是简化分析工作流程，优化dna -抗体偶联，实施等温扩增方法，以及设计多路护理点诊断平台，这对克服当前的局限性至关重要。通过持续的创新来应对这些挑战对于充分利用I-PCR作为跨各种医疗保健环境的高度敏感、快速和可访问的诊断平台的潜力至关重要。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Clinica Chimica Acta 医学-医学实验技术

CiteScore

10.10

自引率

2.00%

发文量

1268

审稿时长

23 days

期刊介绍： The Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) Clinica Chimica Acta is a high-quality journal which publishes original Research Communications in the field of clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine, defined as the diagnostic application of chemistry, biochemistry, immunochemistry, biochemical aspects of hematology, toxicology, and molecular biology to the study of human disease in body fluids and cells. The objective of the journal is to publish novel information leading to a better understanding of biological mechanisms of human diseases, their prevention, diagnosis, and patient management. Reports of an applied clinical character are also welcome. Papers concerned with normal metabolic processes or with constituents of normal cells or body fluids, such as reports of experimental or clinical studies in animals, are only considered when they are clearly and directly relevant to human disease. Evaluation of commercial products have a low priority for publication, unless they are novel or represent a technological breakthrough. Studies dealing with effects of drugs and natural products and studies dealing with the redox status in various diseases are not within the journal''s scope. Development and evaluation of novel analytical methodologies where applicable to diagnostic clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine, including point-of-care testing, and topics on laboratory management and informatics will also be considered. Studies focused on emerging diagnostic technologies and (big) data analysis procedures including digitalization, mobile Health, and artificial Intelligence applied to Laboratory Medicine are also of interest.