Problemy endokrinologii最新文献

{"title":"[Vitamin D deficiency in overweight patients: current strategies and practical aspects].","authors":"T L Karonova, V V Salukhov, F Kh Dzgoeva, E A Pigarova, G R Galstyan, S V Bulgakova, G R Vagapova, N I Volkova, T P Kiseleva, T N Markova, O V Remizov, L A Skakun, V L Tul Ganova, V V Yavlyanskaya","doi":"10.14341/probl13557","DOIUrl":"10.14341/probl13557","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>On September 27, 2024, a discussion-based working meeting on the issue of vitamin D deficiency in patients with overweight and obesity was held in Vladikavkaz.The meeting aimed to evaluate the relationship between vitamin D deficiency, overweight, and associated comorbidities, as well as to explore modern strategies and practical approaches for managing such patients in endocrinology practice. The resolution of the meeting was developed by its participants, comprising leading endocrinologists.</p>","PeriodicalId":101419,"journal":{"name":"Problemy endokrinologii","volume":"71 1","pages":"92-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11931470/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143635065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Difficulties of differential diagnosis of functional hypothalamic amenorrhea and polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review].","authors":"Yu S Absatarova, Yu S Evseeva, E N Andreeva, E V Sheremetyeva, O R Grigoryan, R K Mikheev","doi":"10.14341/probl13529","DOIUrl":"10.14341/probl13529","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are pathologies most common in women of reproductive age. Menstrual irregularities (oligo/amenorrhea) are the most common symptom of these diseases. FHA develops against the background of stress or excessive physical exertion, and is characterized by inhibition of neuroendocrine regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis with a subsequent decrease in the production of sex steroids. For PCOS, the most important pathogenetic links are insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism. The pathology of neuroendocrine regulation in ovarian hyperandrogenism is accompanied by excessive pulsatile secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), promoting increased production of luteinizing hormone (LH). Both FHA and PCOS lead to multiple complications from other organs and systems: cardiovascular pathology, decreased bone mineral density with prolonged amenorrhea and contribute to the development of infertility.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyze the works studying the problems of differential diagnosis of FHA and PCOS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using PubMed, eLibrary, CyberLeninka.ru, a systematic search was conducted for articles published over the past 6 years that met the following criteria: the research that describe methods and develop criteria for the differential diagnosis of FHA and PCOS. Selected impactive publications within 1998-2018 were also included in the review.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This review highlights the differential diagnostic criteria for FHA and PCOS. The features of clinical, laboratory and instrumental studies are also described. Publications describing the coexistence of these pathologies in women are analyzed, and methods that allow differentiating these nosologies are described in detail.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A correct and timely diagnosis facilitates the prescription of appropriate treatment regimens, reduces the incidence of complications and improves the quality of life of women. In light of recent advances in the description of the mechanisms of neuroendocrine regulation of the reproductive system, it is necessary to further conduct research to study the role of neuropeptides in the development of FHA and PCOS, which may serve to create more accurate diagnostic markers of diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":101419,"journal":{"name":"Problemy endokrinologii","volume":"71 1","pages":"83-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11931469/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143635057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Albumin adjustment of total serum calcium - is it worth doing?]","authors":"E O Mamedova, O O Golounina, Z E Belaya","doi":"10.14341/probl13503","DOIUrl":"10.14341/probl13503","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the human body. About 99% of calcium is deposited in the bones in the form of hydroxyapatite and only 1% is located in the intracellular and extracellular fluid. Ionized calcium, which makes up about 50% of the total amount of circulating calcium, is biologically active; the remaining percentage is bound to plasma proteins (40%, of which albumin accounts for 90%, and globulins for 10%), or is in complex with anions (10%) such as citrate, lactate, bicarbonate, phosphate. Hypo- and hypercalcemia are common conditions treated by physicians of various specialities. Primary hyperparathyroidism and malignant tumors are the most common causes of hypercalcemia, whereas hypocalcemia is most often caused by hypoparathyroidism, malabsorption, vitamin D deficiency or chronic kidney disease. The interpretation of blood calcium concentration results affects the correct diagnosis, the need for further examination, and the choice of treatment. Concentration of ionized calcium is considered a more accurate indicator of the true status of calcemia compared to the concentration of total calcium, but its measurement is difficult due to strict preanalytical and analytical requirements. In the mid-1970s, calcium adjustment equations appeared, which are widely used today. However, some studies have expressed doubts about the sufficient reliability and sensitivity of the corresponding adjustment formulas. The diagnostic accuracy of widely used correction formulas in some clinical situations is lower than the diagnostic accuracy of uncorrected total calcium. The review discusses the history of the formulas for correcting total calcium for albumin, the factors influencing the result of correction, as well as its suitability in various conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":101419,"journal":{"name":"Problemy endokrinologii","volume":"70 6","pages":"45-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11775680/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143049282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Metastatic pituitary lesion].","authors":"A M Lapshina, E A Bazarova, E G Przhialkovskaya, P M Khandaeva, V N Azizyan, A Yu Grigoriev, O V Ivashchenko, N V Tarbaeva, Zh E Belaya","doi":"10.14341/probl13395","DOIUrl":"10.14341/probl13395","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metastatic lesion of pituitary is a rare condition and is diagnosed in 1.8-4% of cases. Monitoring and treatment of such patients is a complex task and requires increased attention from a multidisciplinary team of specialists. The authors represent three patients with metastatic pituitary lesion who underwent neurosurgical treatment at the National Research Center of the National Research Institute of Endocrinology with subsequent pathomorphological confirmation of the diagnosis. The primary tumors were breast cancer, lung carcinoid, and clear cell kidney cancer. Two patients had distant metastases other than the pituitary gland. The clinical manifestation consisted in the appearance of symptoms of panhypopituitarism, chiasmal syndrome and mass effect in all cases. The follow-up period after surgical treatment was 0.25-2.5 years. Progression of the underlying disease was noted in two patients. One of them carried out stereotactic radiosurgical treatment and stereotactic oriented irradiation. One patient has a stable condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":101419,"journal":{"name":"Problemy endokrinologii","volume":"70 5","pages":"46-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11610641/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142607909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The role of leptin in endometrium disorders: literature review].","authors":"K D Ievleva, I N Danusevich, L V Suturina","doi":"10.14341/probl13397","DOIUrl":"10.14341/probl13397","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leptin is not only the main regulator of energy balance, but also it affects the reproductive and immune systems. Leptin and its receptors are expressed in the endometrium and are actively involved in the embryo implantation. According to numerous studies, expression and level changes of leptin are associated with the inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including endometriosis and chronic endometritis. Hyperplastic and inflammatory diseases of the uterus are accompanied by a violation of the receptivity of the endometrium due to the dysregulation of many factors involved in proliferation, vascularization and decidualization of cells. Activity of most of these factors is due to the leptin action, however, there are no studies of the direct effect of leptin in the pathogenesis of disorders of the endometrium in hyperplastic and inflammatory diseases.Thus, the purpose of this literature review was to describe the putative molecular mechanisms of the effect of leptin on the development of endometrial pathology.Literature search was carried out from 03/20/2023 to 05/11/2023 using scientific literature databases: NCBI PubMed, Google Scholar (foreign sources), Cyberleninka, Elibrary (domestic sources): references for the period 1995-2023 were analyzed. The following keywords were used for the search: leptin, endometrial dysfunction, endometrial receptivity, inflammation, pelvic inflammatory disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":101419,"journal":{"name":"Problemy endokrinologii","volume":"70 5","pages":"106-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11610639/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142607911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Combination of macro-TSH and macroprolactinemia phenomena in a patient with autoimmune thyroiditis and vitiligo].","authors":"D V Sazonova, M A Perepelova, A S Shutova, L V Nikankina, G S Kolesnikova, E A Pigarova, L K Dzeranova","doi":"10.14341/probl13390","DOIUrl":"10.14341/probl13390","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Laboratory diagnostic methods are the main tools in the practice of a doctor of any specialty, including an endocrinologist. Factors were identified that could change the concentration of the biologically active fraction of the test substance, subsequently complicating the interpretation of laboratory results and making the right clinical decision. The literature describes a variety of circulating autoantibodies involved in binding to pituitary hormones (prolactin (PRL), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), growth hormone, luteinizing, follicle-stimulating, and adrenocorticotropic hormones), hypothalamus (vasopressin and oxytocin), pancreas (insulin and glucagon) , parathyroid glands (parathyroid hormone), as well as with thyroid hormones. As a rule, the resulting macromolecules lead to an increase in laboratory parameters, in which the prevailing fraction of the hormone does not have biological activity, which determines the main problem of this phenomenon. The most common variants include immune complexes with PRL and TSH, causing the phenomena of macroprolactinemia and macrothyrotropinemia (macro-TSH-emia/macro-TSH), respectively. Most laboratory test systems used in clinical practice are capable of determining only the total amount of PRL and TSH. The presented clinical observation describes a combination of the phenomena of macro-TSH and macroprolactinemia in a patient with autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) and vitiligo.</p>","PeriodicalId":101419,"journal":{"name":"Problemy endokrinologii","volume":"70 5","pages":"34-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11610638/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142607914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Insulin level, glycemia, insulin resistance and β-cell function in relation to the lifestyle of Arctic indigenous people. Are there conditions for diabetes and which type?]","authors":"A V Strelkova, F A Bichkaeva, O S Vlasova, E V Nesterova, B A Shengof, T B Gretskaya","doi":"10.14341/probl13411","DOIUrl":"10.14341/probl13411","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Modern studies suggest that lifestyle changes of the indigenous Arctic residents lead to the loss of the \"adaptive polar type of metabolism\", which is characterized by the intensification of protein metabolism, optimization of lipid metabolism, and minimization of carbohydrate metabolism at low insulin concentrations. How to survive the era of change?</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess insulinemia, glycemia, β-cell secretory activity, and insulin sensitivity in Arctic indigenous people in relation to their lifestyle.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study of a population of indigenous Arctic residents (Nenets, Komi) aged from 22 to 60 years was conducted. Insulin levels were studied in blood serum using ELISA, and glucose levels using the spectrophotometric method. Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and β-cell function (HOMA1-%β) indices were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>397 people were examined; 89 (22%) of them were nomadic people (NP) and 44 (49%) were male. Another 308 (78%) were sedentary people (SP), and 69 (22%) were male. The insulin level was significantly lower in NP (6.0 [3.5-11.8] µU/ml) compared to SP (8.3 [4.6-13.1] µU/ml), p=0.006. There was no difference in glycemia (4.6 [4.2-5.0] in NP and 4.6 [4.1-5.2] in SP) between lifestyles.The HOMA-IR was significantly lower in NP (1.3 [0.7-2.4]) than in SP (1.8 [0.95-2.8]), p=0.013. IR-HOMA &gt;2 units was 1.8 times more frequent in the SP than in NP, with adjusted for sex, age, and BMI OR=0.56; 95% CI: 0.33-0.96, p=0.034. The median HOMA1-%β was 128 [67-241] % in NP and 144 [93-236]% in SP with no significant differences between groups. The proportion of individuals with HOMA1-%β &lt;48.9 was 17% in NP versus 5% in SP, p&lt;0.001. The adjusted odds of having HOMA1-%β &lt;48.9 in NP are 3.5 times higher than in SP; 95% CI: 1.56-7.92, p=0.002. Fifty-six cases of glycemia ≥5.6 mmol/l were identified: 13.5% in NP and 14.3% in SP. The ratio IR-HOMA &gt;2/ HOMA1-%β &lt;48.9/BMI was 1.8 units/45%/25.2 kg/m2 in NP and 3.0 units/88%/29.6 kg/m2 in SP.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Maintaining a nomadic lifestyle helps keep lower insulin concentrations; at the same time, glycemic levels in the groups were similar. In the NP group, there was a high proportion of individuals with low β-cell secretory activity, predominantly men; in the SP group, more individuals were insulin-resistant. Analysis of cases of glycemia ≥5.6 mmol/l confirmed, that hyperglycemia in a nomadic lifestyle was associated with β-cell hypofunction and the absence of obesity; on the contrary, in a sedentary lifestyle, it was associated with increased insulin resistance and obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":101419,"journal":{"name":"Problemy endokrinologii","volume":"70 5","pages":"54-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11610644/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142607916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Meta-analysis of experimental studies of the effect of melatonin monotherapy on the levels of thyroid hormones and glucocorticoids in rats kept under standard condition].","authors":"N V Kuzmenko, V A Tsyrlin, M G Pliss","doi":"10.14341/probl13396","DOIUrl":"10.14341/probl13396","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Melatonin is known to modulate circadian and seasonal rhythms in metabolism, reproduction, and behavior. However, the effect of exogenous melatonin supplementation on the functioning of the thyroid and adrenal glands in species without a clear seasonality in reproduction is still unclear.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>Using a meta-analysis of publications, to investigate the effect of melatonin monotherapy on the concentrations of pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroid hormones (TG), pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone (CS) in rats kept under standard laboratory conditions.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In our work, using the Review Manager 5.3 program, we conducted a meta-analysis of publications examining the effect of melatonin monotherapy on the functioning of the thyroid gland (22 papers) and adrenal glands (20 papers) in rats kept under standard conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to the results of our meta-analysis, the effects of melatonin on the levels of TG and CS depend on the dose and duration of therapy. A decrease in TG and CS was associated with therapy lasting no more than 4-5 weeks and with high doses of melatonin. An increase in CS and a trend toward increased TG levels were observed with longer therapy. However, a few studies have observed a decrease in TG with very long-term melatonin therapy (≥32 weeks). Among all TGs, total thyroxine (T4) showed maximum sensitivity to exogenous melatonin, which indicates the influence of melatonin on the secretory function of the thyroid gland. In addition, melatonin increased the relative weight of the adrenal glands. There was no convincing evidence that the effects of melatonin were influenced by the route and timing of administration, or the timing of blood sampling.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>As a result, exogenous melatonin can modulate TG and CS levels, even in species without a clear seasonality in reproductive function.</p>","PeriodicalId":101419,"journal":{"name":"Problemy endokrinologii","volume":"70 5","pages":"91-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11610642/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142607908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Efficacy of standard methods in the treatment of prolactin-secreting pituitary carcinoma].","authors":"L I Astafyeva, P L Kalinin, Y Y Trunin, G L Kobyakov, Y G Sidneva","doi":"10.14341/probl13401","DOIUrl":"10.14341/probl13401","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pituitary carcinoma (metastatic neuroendocrine tumor of the pituitary gland) is the pituitary tumor with confirmed craniospinal and/or systemic metastases. These tumors are extremely rare accounting for only 0.1% to 0.5% of all pituitary tumours and are characterized by high mortality. In the presented case, pituitary carcinoma with intracranial metastasis was diagnosed in a young patient 25 years after manifestation of an aggressive recurrent prolactin-secreting pituitary tumor. Standard therapy (removal of metastasis, radiation therapy, cabergoline therapy) resulted in a long-term remission of the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":101419,"journal":{"name":"Problemy endokrinologii","volume":"70 5","pages":"40-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11610635/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142607915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The use of TruCare III insulin pump in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus].","authors":"I A Barsukov, A A Demina","doi":"10.14341/probl13516","DOIUrl":"10.14341/probl13516","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of devices for continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII or insulin pumps) dramatically improved medical care for patients with diabetes mellitus. Insulin pump production widens annually resulting in number of new models entering the market, that differs in price but are similar in technical features. The entering of such new models to the Russian market can cause practical issues both in patient and in health care provider, so their estimation is of great importance. Insulin pump TruCare III (Apex Medical Co., Ltd, China) was registered in Russian Federation in September 15, 2023. The clinical experience of the TruCare III use in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus is presented with the focus on glycemic parameters and custom features.</p>","PeriodicalId":101419,"journal":{"name":"Problemy endokrinologii","volume":"70 5","pages":"70-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11610637/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142607917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}